44-603: Paihia is the main tourist town in the Bay of Islands in the Northland Region of the North Island of New Zealand. It is 60 kilometres north of Whangārei , located close to the historic towns of Russell and Kerikeri . Missionary Henry Williams named the mission station Marsden's Vale . Paihia eventually became the accepted name of the settlement. Nearby to the north is the historic settlement of Waitangi , and
88-548: A major programme for it. Auckland University of Technology (AUT) offers a 3-year Bachelor of Arts course with an NZSL-English Interpreting major. Differences in lexicon in New Zealand Sign Language have largely developed through the student communities surrounding five schools for the deaf in New Zealand: ^b Denotes the number (if known) of languages within the family. No further information
132-638: A comprehensive NZSL dictionary by Victoria University of Wellington and the Deaf Association of NZ. It contains some 4000 signs (which correspond to many more meanings than the same number of English words, because of the way signs can be modulated in space and time), sorted by handshape, not English meaning, and coded in the Hamburg Notational System, HamNoSys , as well as pictorially. In 2011, Victoria University launched an Online Dictionary of New Zealand Sign Language based on
176-431: A language and much advocacy by deaf adults, parents of deaf children (both hearing and deaf) and educationalists, NZSL has since become — in tandem with English — part of the bilingual/bicultural approach used in public schools (including Kelston Deaf Education Centre and Van Asch Deaf Education Centre ) since 1994. Victoria University of Wellington has courses in New Zealand Sign Language, although it has yet to develop
220-806: A majority favoured captioned programmes. Many Deaf people felt they had been misled by the survey. There has been no regular programming in NZSL since. Between August 2012 to August 2013 the Human Rights Commission carried out an inquiry into the use and promotion of New Zealand Sign Language (NZSL). The inquiry has focused on working with key government agencies and the Deaf community around the inquiry's three terms of reference 1) The right to education for deaf people and potential users of NZSL. 2) The rights of deaf people, and other potential users of NZSL, to access communication, information and services, and
264-490: A phrase used to express delight in the world, or to welcome an honoured guest. The bay's English name was given on 27 November 1769 by Captain James Cook during his first voyage , when Cook and his crew landed on Motuarohia Island . The bay itself is an irregularly-shaped 16 km (10 mi)-wide, 260 km (100 sq mi) drowned valley system and a natural harbour. It contains 144 islands, of which
308-552: Is Kerikeri , followed by Paihia . The small town of Russell is located at the end of a short peninsula that extends into the bay from the southeast. About 700 years ago, the Mātaatua , one of the large Māori migration canoes which journeyed to New Zealand from Hawaiki , was sailed to the Bay of Islands (from the Bay of Plenty) by Puhi, a progenitor of the Ngāpuhi iwi (tribe) which today
352-693: Is a fully-fledged language, with a large vocabulary of signs and a consistent grammar of space. The New Zealand Sign Language Teachers Association (NZSLTA - formerly known as the New Zealand Sign Language Tutors Association) was set up in 1992. Over the next few years adult education classes in NZSL began in several centres. In 1997 a Certificate in Deaf Studies programme was started at Victoria University of Wellington, with instruction actually in NZSL, designed to teach deaf people how to competently teach NZSL to
396-482: Is an area on the east coast of the Far North District of the North Island of New Zealand. It is one of the most popular fishing, sailing and tourist destinations in the country, and has been renowned internationally for its big-game fishing since American author Zane Grey publicised it in the 1930s. It is 60 km (37 mi) north-west of the city of Whangārei . Cape Reinga , at the northern tip of
440-575: Is the largest in the country. Māori settled and multiplied throughout the bay and on several of its many islands to establish various tribes such as the Ngāti Miru at Kerikeri. Many notable Māori were born in the Bay of Islands, including Hōne Heke who several times cut down the flagpole at Kororāreka (Russell) to start the Flagstaff War . Many of the Māori settlements later played important roles in
484-602: Is the main language of the deaf community in New Zealand . It became an official language of New Zealand in April 2006 under the New Zealand Sign Language Act 2006. The purpose of the act was to create rights and obligations in the use of NZSL throughout the legal system and to ensure that the Deaf community had the same access to government information and services as everybody else. According to
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#1732771848385528-562: The ACT party opposing, because the government was not providing funding for NZSL. It passed the third reading on 6 April 2006 by the same margin. The bill received Royal assent on 10 April 2006 and became law the following day. The use of NZSL as a valid medium of instruction has not always been accepted by the government, the Association of Teachers of the Deaf, nor by many parents. However, in light of much research into its validity as
572-784: The United States Exploring Expedition were present at the initial signing of the Treaty of Waitangi at Waitangi. In a 2006 study, the Bay of Islands was found to have the second bluest sky in the world, after Rio de Janeiro . A new fast boat manufactured by the Explore Group was introduced in the Bay of Islands in 2019 to take visitors to the Hole in the Rock at speed. The daily transport facility can seat up to 30 passengers and will ply several times during
616-520: The 175 year family reunion and installed by the artist in 1998. The windows, titled Te Ara O Te Manawa (Pathway of the Heart), are 4 m2 in total size. In 1925 a road was constructed to Puketona on the main road from Kawakawa to Kerikeri (now State Highway 10 ) leading to an increase in tourism in the 1930s. Paihia covers 2.24 km (0.86 sq mi) extending from the Waitangi River in
660-639: The 2013 Census, over 20,000 New Zealanders know NZSL. New Zealand Sign Language has its roots in British Sign Language (BSL), and may be technically considered a dialect of British, Australian and New Zealand Sign Language (BANZSL). There are 62.5% similarities found in British Sign Language and NZSL, compared with 33% of NZSL signs found in American Sign Language . Like other natural sign languages , it
704-462: The Milan congress of deaf educators of 1880 (to which no deaf people were invited) that teaching should be oral only, and that sign language should be forbidden. (He would not even admit pupils who could sign, so only 14 were admitted.) This was the policy of the school until 1979. A documentary film about the school made in the 1950s makes no mention of sign language. Similar policies were maintained at
748-464: The Sumner School, but the signing it used was "Australasian Sign Language" an artificial signed form of English . As a result, younger signers use a number of Australasian signs in their NZSL, to such an extent that some call traditional NZSL "Old Sign". NZSL was adopted for teaching in 1994. In 1985, Marianne Ahlgren proved in her PhD thesis at Victoria University of Wellington that NZSL
792-412: The census question. Of those at least 15 years old, 174 (12.1%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 744 (51.9%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 450 (31.4%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $ 35,100, compared with $ 41,500 nationally. 111 people (7.7%) earned over $ 100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15
836-609: The country, Thomas King, was born in 1815 at Oihi Bay in the Bay of Islands (there have been unsubstantiated claims that a European girl was born earlier at the Dusky Sound settlement in the South Island ). The bay has many interesting historic towns including Paihia , Russell , Waitangi and Kerikeri . Russell, formerly known as Kororāreka , was the first permanent European settlement in New Zealand, and dates from
880-511: The country, is about 210 km (130 mi) by road further to the north-west. The bay is known in Māori as Tokerau, a name given by early Māori ancestors referencing a place in the Māori homeland . The wider Bay of Islands area, including the plain surrounding Waimate North , is traditionally known as Taimai, a name shortened from the Ngāpuhi whakataukī (proverb) Ka kata ngā pūriri ō Taiamai ("the pūriri trees are laughing with joy"),
924-419: The day. In 1886, Albert Ernest Fuller launched the sailing ship Undine in the Bay of Islands to deliver coal supplies to the islands within the Bay. With the fitting of a motor in the early 20th century, Fuller was able to deliver the coal and essential supplies to communities as far out as Cape Brett. In 1927 Fuller acquired Cream Trip from Eddie Lane – with the facilities on board to transport cream from
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#1732771848385968-449: The development of New Zealand, such as Okiato (the nation's first capital), Waitangi (where the Treaty of Waitangi would later be signed) and Kerikeri, (which was an important departure point for inland Māori going to sea, and later site of the first permanent mission station in the country). Some of the islands became notable as well, such as Motu Apo (Te Pahi Island) where 60 of chief Te Pahi 's people were killed as revenge after he
1012-499: The early 19th century. Kerikeri contains many historic sites from the earliest European colonial settlement in the country. These include the Mission House , also called Kemp House, which is the oldest wooden structure still standing in New Zealand. The Stone Store , a former storehouse, is the oldest stone building in New Zealand, construction having begun on 19 April 1832. These settlements also reared horses during this time to
1056-499: The fascination of local Māori who called them "man-carrying dogs" ( kurī waha tangata ). The Bay of Islands was visited in the 19th century by sealing ships and whaling ships that hunted in the ocean around New Zealand, often bartering with local iwi to restock their food supplied with local potatoes and pork. In December 1835 Charles Darwin visited the Bay of Islands in HMS ; Beagle . In February 1840, some members of
1100-440: The islands, and by the 1960s, the newly commissioned Bay Belle started this run. Although a modern catamaran now takes this historical route of the original Cream Trip, Bay Belle continues to transport visitors and locals between Paihia and Russell throughout the day. The islands that make up the Bay of Islands include: New Zealand Sign Language New Zealand Sign Language or NZSL ( Māori : te reo Turi )
1144-486: The largest is Urupukapuka , and numerous peninsulas and inlets. The three largest inlets are Waikare Inlet in the south, and Kerikeri and Te Puna (Mangonui) inlets in the north-west. The Purerua Peninsula , north of Te Puna Inlet, separates the north-western part of the bay from the Pacific Ocean, and Cape Brett Peninsula extends 10 km (6 mi) into the ocean at the eastern end of the bay. The biggest town
1188-534: The marae. Paihia School is a coeducational full primary (years 1–8) school with a roll of 153 students as of August 2024. Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as oceanic (Cfb), but it is rainier in winter. It has strong subtropical influence and is classified as such under the Trewartha system due to its consistent warm temperatures, and is the mildest weather station in New Zealand. Bay of Islands The Bay of Islands
1232-537: The mission closed and Paihia declined to a very small settlement by 1890. St. Paul's Anglican Church, completed in 1925, is the fifth church built on the site. It is constructed of stone quarried from the Pukaru locality, near Kawakawa , and timber from near Waikare . The triptych stained glass windows above the pulpit were commissioned by the Williams Family Trust in commemoration of Sir Nigel Reed for
1276-476: The need for sign language interpreters. Other than a one-off course run in 1985, this was the first time a professional training programme with a qualification was offered in New Zealand. Many of those who have gone on to work as professional NZSL interpreters began their journey in NZSL community classes taught by members of the NZSLTA. An important step toward the recognition of NZSL was the publication in 1998 of
1320-537: The north to the Haumi River in the south and had an estimated population of 1,690 as of June 2024, with a population density of 754 people per km. Paihia had a population of 1,623 in the 2023 New Zealand census , an increase of 111 people (7.3%) since the 2018 census , and an increase of 333 people (25.8%) since the 2013 census . There were 825 males, 792 females and 3 people of other genders in 753 dwellings. 3.0% of people identified as LGBTIQ+ . The median age
1364-399: The original 1998 work, which includes video clips of each sign with examples and the ability to search for signs based on features of the sign (handshape, location, etc.) as well as the sign's English gloss. For some years, TVNZ broadcast a weekly news programme, "News Review", interpreted in NZSL. This was discontinued in 1993 after a joint survey of deaf and hearing-impaired people found
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1408-456: The residential and commercial area of Haruru Falls is to the west. The port and township of Opua , and the small settlement of Te Haumi , lie to the south. The origin of the name "Paihia" is unclear. A popular attribution, most likely apocryphal, is that when Reverend Henry Williams first arrived in the Bay of Islands searching for a location for his mission station, he told his Māori guide, "Pai here," meaning "Good here," as his Māori vocabulary
1452-581: The right to freedom of expression and opinion, through the provision of professional NZSL interpreter services and other NZSL services and resources. 3) The promotion and maintenance of NZSL as an official language of New Zealand. The full report of the inquiry, A New Era in the Right to Sign , was launched in Parliament by the Minister for Disability Issues, Tariana Turia, on 3 September 2013. NZSL became
1496-461: The schools at Titirangi and Kelston that opened in 1940 and 1958. Unsurprisingly, the children used sign language secretly and after leaving school, developing NZSL out of British Sign Language largely without adult intervention for over 100 years. The main haven for NZSL was the Deaf Clubs in the main centres. In 1979, "Total Communication" (a "use anything that works" philosophy) was adopted at
1540-556: The third official language of New Zealand on 11 April 2006, joining English and Māori. The parliamentary bill to approve this passed its third reading on 6 April 2006. At the first reading in Parliament, on 22 June 2004, the bill was supported by all political parties. It was referred to the Justice and Electoral Committee, which reported back to the House on 18 July 2005. The second reading passed by 119 to 2 on 23 February 2006 with only
1584-655: The wider public. Also in 1992 an interpreter training programme was established at the Auckland Institute of Technology, now known as Auckland University of Technology . This programme was first directed and taught by Dr Rachel Locker McKee (hearing) and Dr David McKee (deaf) and came about due to lobbying by the New Zealand Deaf Community and others who recognised the need for safer and more professional interpreting services. They had as early as 1984 sought support for more research to determine
1628-553: Was 51.0 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 189 people (11.6%) aged under 15 years, 234 (14.4%) aged 15 to 29, 738 (45.5%) aged 30 to 64, and 456 (28.1%) aged 65 or older. People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 66.7% European ( Pākehā ); 35.1% Māori ; 6.5% Pasifika ; 7.9% Asian ; 1.5% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 1.7% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English
1672-536: Was Dorcas Mitchell, who taught the children of one family in Charteris Bay, Lyttelton Harbour , from 1868 to 1877. By 1877 she had taught 42 pupils. When the first school for the deaf (then called the Sumner Deaf and Dumb Institution) was opened at Sumner, south east of Christchurch in 1878, Mitchell applied unsuccessfully for the position of principal. Instead it went to Gerrit Van Asch, who agreed with
1716-565: Was a 55-ton schooner that the missionaries built and launched off the beach at Paihia on 24 January 1826. In December 1832 the first mention of cricket being played in New Zealand was recorded by Henry Williams. In 1835 a game of cricket was witnessed here by Charles Darwin , in December 1835 while the Beagle spent 10 days in the Bay of Islands . In 1835 William Colenso set up the first printing press in New Zealand at Paihia. In 1850
1760-724: Was devised by and for deaf people, with no linguistic connection to a spoken or written language . NZSL uses the same two-handed manual alphabet as BSL (British Sign Language) and Auslan (Australian Sign Language). It uses more lip-patterns in conjunction with hand and facial movement to cue signs than BSL, reflecting New Zealand's history of oralist education of deaf people. Its vocabulary includes Māori concepts such as marae and tangi , and signs for New Zealand placenames (e.g., Rotorua – mudpools, and Christchurch – 2 Cs, represents ChCh. ) The early British immigrants to New Zealand who were deaf brought British Sign Language with them. The first known teacher of sign language
1804-484: Was limited. Henry Williams and his wife Marianne settled in Paihia in 1823 and built the first church there the same year. William Williams and his wife Jane joined the Paihia mission in 1826. Bishop William Grant Broughton (the first and only Bishop of Australia) visited the Paihia mission in 1838 and performed several firsts in New Zealand including the first Confirmation and Ordination ceremonies. Herald
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1848-542: Was spoken by 97.4%, Māori language by 11.5%, Samoan by 0.6% and other languages by 11.8%. No language could be spoken by 1.3% (e.g. too young to talk). New Zealand Sign Language was known by 0.6%. The percentage of people born overseas was 26.8, compared with 28.8% nationally. Religious affiliations were 32.9% Christian , 0.7% Hindu , 0.6% Islam , 3.5% Māori religious beliefs , 1.3% Buddhist , 0.2% New Age , and 2.6% other religions. People who answered that they had no religion were 52.3%, and 5.7% of people did not answer
1892-589: Was that 630 (43.9%) people were employed full-time, 210 (14.6%) were part-time, and 48 (3.3%) were unemployed. Te Tii Waitangi marae and Te Tiriti o Waitangi meeting house in Te Tī Bay at the northern end of Paihia are affiliated with the Ngāpuhi hapū of Ngāti Kawa and Ngāti Rāhiri . In October 2020, the Government committed $ 66,234 from the Provincial Growth Fund to replacing all roofs at
1936-530: Was wrongly accused of being responsible for the Boyd Massacre at Whangaroa . The first European to visit the area was Captain Cook , who named the region in 1769. The Bay of Islands was the first area in New Zealand to be settled by Europeans. Whalers arrived towards the end of the 18th century, while the first missionaries settled in 1814. The first full-blooded European child recorded as being born in
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