The Pakol or Pakul ( Khowar : پاکول , Shina : پاکول , Persian : پاکسازی , Pashto : پاکسازی) is a soft, flat, rolled-up, round- topped men's cap , usually worn in Afghanistan and northern Pakistan . It is typically made of wool and found in a variety of earthy colours, such as brown, black, grey, ivory, or dyed red using walnut. The pakol is believed to have originated in Chitral , or Gilgit-Baltistan in Pakistan.
31-467: It is a handspun woollen cap, formed with a flat, rounded top, encircled by a lower, curled-up brim . It is usually white, grey, or various shades of brown. The cap's practical design allows pulling it down to cover the ears and neck in cold weather and rolling it up for warmer temperatures. There are many ways of decorating the garment, sometimes typically putting flowers or feathers into the hat, especially for festive occasions. An attached string sewn around
62-605: A large area of the Peshawar's old city, popularly known as Qissa Kahwani . Only in the tribal areas along the Afghan border the traditional Pashtun turban was still popular. However, pictures from Peshawar from not so very long ago, still show a city dominated by turbans instead of men covering their head with a pakol. Recently, it was also introduced in the Kashmir Valley by seasonal migrants of ethnic Shins hailing from
93-585: A variety of colours, usually natural earth colours being the most popularly worn. It is mainly worn in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Gilgit-Baltistan , Afghanistan and recently in the Kashmir valley . The Chitrali pakol is worn by the Chitral Scouts of Northern Pakistan. It is white, has a markhor insignia, and dons a peacock feather. It is considered a sign of dignity and honour amongst
124-591: Is Chitral in Pakistan. The pakol is mentioned in Donatus O'Brien's 1895 book on The Language of Chitral , where describing the ethnic dress of the Kho people he states that: "The dress worn by most men consist of a homespun cap black, brown or grey made in the shape of a bag and rolled up until it fits the skull." Later in 1896, George Scott Robertson described a "Chitrali Cap". John Biddulph in his Tribes of
155-529: Is a bazaar in Peshawar , the capital of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan . The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (then North-West Frontier Province ) province Gazetteer , traveller Lowell Thomas and Peshawar's British commissioner Herbert Edwardes called it "the Piccadilly of Central Asia ". On 23 April 1930, British Indian Army troops opened fire on a crowd of anti-colonial protestors at
186-638: Is also worn by Kin Pashtun tribes across the border in Afghanistan in Paktia and Khost provinces; usually they are also decorated with flowers, Unlike the Chitralis who decorate it with feathers. It is considered a common men's headwear. Brim (hat) A hat brim is that part of a hat that extends outwards and to the side of the head, protruding from the base of the crown. Hat brims run around
217-404: Is probably the result of a blow to the head, whereas a fall would result in a wound at the hat brim level. This is used to assign an injury to an accident or a third-party. This clothing -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Qissa Khwani Bazaar The Qissa Khwani Bazaar ( Pashto : قصه خوانۍ بازار , Urdu : قصہ خوانی بازار ; "Story-tellers market )
248-567: Is usually and almost uniquely worn by the Pashtuns of Waziristan such as the Mahsud , Dawar , and Wazir tribes. The stark difference between the Waziristan pakol, and the regular pakol, is that it is larger in size, and the edges are curved ridges. It is unique to the Waziristan regions and is also made out of pure wool, available in different colours, just like the traditional pakol. It
279-610: The Democratic Republic of Afghanistan and their Soviet supporters. One of the most famous people wearing the pakol was the military leader of the Panjshir Valley , Ahmad Shah Massoud . In those years, people from all over Afghanistan, but especially from among the Tajik population of Panjshir, who lived in an area bordering Nuristan, donned the pakol in order to show their opposition to the government. In 1992,
310-595: The Greco-Bactrian and Indo-Greek kingdoms of the ensuing centuries. However, the pakol has no historical links with the kausia. According to another erroneous belief of the place of its direct origins, the pakol has a very recent history in Nuristan Province , where it is widely worn nowadays, going back no older than the late nineteenth century, but the same headgear is also relatively young in neighbouring Chitral District . Apparently at some time
341-532: The Gurez and Tuleil areas in north Kashmir's Bandipore district . Today, the pakol commonly worn by people of all social classes and backgrounds from Pakistan and Afghanistan, as well as in parts of India, such as in Jammu and Kashmir and Delhi . Pakols were introduced to Nuristan Province from neighbouring Chitral sometime in the late nineteenth century. According to the first proto-ethnographic documentations,
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#1732773071002372-749: The Kashmir Valley , where they were introduced by seasonal migrants of ethnic Shins/Dards, hailing from Gurez. A columnist with a valley based newspaper, said about the cap that it became popular in the 1950s after being sported by Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad , the Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir . The pakol has become popular in other parts of India , such as in Delhi , it is also sold by Afghans living in India. It also gained popularity in Muslim majority areas in northern India, especially areas around shrines where
403-415: The wind to act on. Hat brims are often decorative, for example, on very wide women's hats. If a brim-like element is only attached to part of a hat, it is called a cap and this partial brim is known as a peak if at the front, a havelock if it protects the neck, or ear flaps if at the side. In forensic medicine there is the so -called "hat brim rule", whereby an injury located above the hat brim line
434-660: The Chitrali community and they usually present it to famous guests. This style of pakol is unique to the region. Princess Diana , Kate Middleton and Prince William wore it during their visits to Pakistan. The twisted pakol is another variant of the pakol; it has two layers and the rims are twisted. It is made with pure wool and comes in different colours and sizes. Twisted pakols are common in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Afghanistan and Kashmir. They are lighter in weight and can be adjusted more easily than traditional ones. Worn in Waziristan , tribal areas of Pakistan , this type of pakol
465-555: The Hindoo Koosh (1880), referred to the "rolled woollen cap" and ascribed it to the Shina people of Gilgit , Astore and the surrounding areas in present-day northern Pakistan. Biddulph also tells that in other parts to the west of modern northern Pakistan, such as Wakhan , Chitral and Sarikol , the people used to wear small turbans. "In Chitral, Wakhan and Sirikol the men wear very small scanty turbans. In Gilgit, Astor, and
496-577: The Mujahideen took control of the capital Kabul , and since the Tajiks from the northeast of the country played a dominant role in the formation of the new government of Islamic State of Afghanistan , their pakol became the dominant headgear of the Afghan capital. However, the civil war between the various Mujahideen parties continued with the new appearance of the Taliban , who were mainly Pashtuns from
527-542: The Qissa Khwani Bazaar, killing nearly 400 people. The colonial authorities ultimately acknowledged that the British Indian Army had killed 179 people in the massacre, which triggered protests across India and catapulted the newly formed Khudai Khidmatgar movement into prominence. In 2010, 25 people were killed in a bomb attack at a protest against electricity shortages. The market
558-515: The base provides adaptability and flexibility of use. By tightening or loosening the string, the wearer is able to secure the hat as needed. Some authors compared this typical headgear to the kausia worn by the ancient Macedonians . It then proved tempting for some writers to link the pakol to the Indian campaigns of Alexander the Great in the late fourth century BC. The pakol was also connected to
589-468: The easternmost valley of Kafiristan bordering Chitral, and the hat was acquired from Chitral in the further east through trade. This point is confirmed by the headgear worn by the men depicted in the huge woodcarvings, known as gandauw s, for which the Kafiris were famous, which all date from before the Afghan occupation of Kafiristan in the late 1890's, where the men are shown wearing turbans. Additionally,
620-485: The elderly and the young initiated among the Kalash , now living just across the border in Pakistan, also traditionally wore a turban, while all the others wore the pakol . Pakols must have spread at a quick pace among the locals, now renamed Nuristanis , after and partially as a consequence of the conquest of Kafiristan by Abdul Rahman Khan of Afghanistan. The opening up of the valleys to increased contact and trade, and
651-452: The greater part of Yaghestan the rolled woollen cap mentioned by Mr. Drew is commonly worn. In the Shin caste unmarried women are distinguished by a white cap, which is never worn by married Shin women." The earliest unequivocal reference to the pakol thus refers to the extreme north of modern Pakistan, while at the same time in areas slightly further to the west and south, including Chitral,
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#1732773071002682-588: The help of the American army managed to dispel the Taliban. At that time the pakol again gained popularity, while the Pashtuns from the south and southeast of the country, who used to form the core of the Taliban movement, still preferred to wear a turban. The pakol has been worn traditionally in India by the Shina people of northern Jammu and Kashmir's Gurez Valley (including Tulail ). Pakols have also been worn in
713-631: The inhabitants of Kafiristan , the Nuristanis , went about without any headgear. They also used to shave their head, leaving a small patch on the crown where the hair is left to grow, hanging down often as far as the waist. In the earliest source of the pakol in Nuristan by George Scott Robertson , he refers to the pakol as the Chitrali cap and states that it was only worn in the Bashgul valley ,
744-648: The modern Chitrali cap and more resembles the type of pakol still worn in Hunza , which may thus well represent the "original" form of the pakol. It was also adopted since the late 1890’s by several communities of Afghanistan such as Tajiks , Pashayi ٫ Pashtuns & Nuristanis . It was adopted first among the Pashtuns of Pakistan as a replacement for the large turban, especially in the main cities, as for instance in Peshawar , owing to village traders, who were also responsible for it's spread and popularity, initially expanding their businesses, eventually coming to dominate
775-474: The people of Chitral and adjoining regions started to include an extra round piece of material to form a flat crown. This modern twist is not a feature that Alexander's soldiers could have picked up in the late fourth century BC. The modern variant of pakol originated from Chitral . The hat is also known as khapol, derived from the word kapaal which means head in Khowar language . The main source of production
806-455: The people still preferred to wear a turban. This would indicate that in lands even further to the west, the pakol was also still unknown. The popularity of the pakol had moved west by the late 1920s, when Georg Morgenstierne visited the Chitral district and photographed the locals wearing a pakol , although the photographs seem to show that the pakol lacks the distinctive flat crown of
837-483: The population's conversion to Islam , induced the residents to abandon their previously distinctive hairstyle and cover their heads with hats. The adoption of specific items of clothing to mark a new identity, especially a religious one, is well established in history. In the 1980's, the pakol gained popularity in large parts of Afghanistan as the favourite easy to wear headgear of the Mujahideen , who fought against
868-595: The south of the country and opposed to the pakol wearing Mujahideen from the northeast. The Taliban used to wear turbans, the traditional Pashtun headgear, preferably the dark variety of Kandahar , while their opponents continued to wear the pakol. When the Taliban took control of Kabul in September 1996, the pakol disappeared from the streets, only to return when in November 2001, the Northern Alliance with
899-412: The twisted variety is especially popular. Within Pakistan and Afghanistan, there are different types of pakol worn by various ethnic groups and regions. These differences lie in shapes and styles, and are sometimes unique to a certain region or ethnic group. The traditional pakol hat is a soft, woollen hat that is flat, and rims are rolled into the headwear to be worn. It is made out of wool and comes in
930-416: The whole of the crown and come in varying widths. It is also called a bill . The outer edge of the brim may have trim made of leather, silk or ribbon material and is known as the brim binding. The brim protects the eyes from both sun glare and precipitation . The broader the brim, the greater its protection function, but the easier it is for the hat to blow off due to the larger surface area available for
961-477: Was again targeted by militants in 2013 , who used a 220 kg bomb to carry out an attack that killed over 40 people, and damaged a nearby mosque as well as set fire to several historic wooden buildings. On 4 March 2022, 63 people were killed and 196 others wounded in a suicide attack at a mosque during Jumma prayer . Kissa Khwani Bazaar is famous for Chai and Qehwa houses, and also because several famous Indian movie actors have origins and family ties in