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Saul ( / s ɔː l / ; Hebrew : שָׁאוּל ‎ , Šāʾūl ; Greek : Σαούλ , Saoúl ; transl.  "asked/prayed for" ) was a monarch of ancient Israel and Judah and the first king of the United Monarchy , according to the Hebrew Bible and Old Testament . His reign, traditionally placed in the late eleventh century BCE, supposedly marked the transition of the Israelites from a scattered tribal society ruled by various judges to organized statehood.

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71-497: [REDACTED] Look up pallu in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Pallu or Pällu may refer to: People [ edit ] Pallu (biblical figure) , a son of Reuben Pallu Reddanna , Indian scientist François Pallu (1626–1684), French bishop Georges Pallu (1869–1948), French screenwriter and film director Places [ edit ] Pällu, Harju County ,

142-579: A concubine named Rizpah , daughter of Aiah , who bore him two sons, Armoni and Mephibosheth . Saul died at the Battle of Mount Gilboa , and was buried in Zelah , in the region of Benjamin . Three of Saul's sons – Jonathan, Abinadab, and Malchishua – died with him at Mount Gilboa. His surviving son Ish-bosheth became king of Israel , at the age of forty. At David's request Abner had Michal returned to David. Ish-bosheth reigned for two years, but after

213-572: A 2013 essay, which points toward recent archaeological evidence emerging from excavation sites in Jerusalem by Eilat Mazar and in Khirbet Qeiyafa by Yosef Garfinkel . Archeology, however, seems to confirm that until about 1000 BCE, the end of Iron Age I , Israelite society was essentially a society of farmers and stockbreeders, without any truly centralized organization and administration. Accounts of Saul's behavior have made him

284-527: A King after the time of Musa ( Moses ). God appointed Talut as their King. Saul was distinguished by the greatness of his knowledge and of his physique; it was a sign of his role as King that God brought back the Ark of the Covenant for Israel . Talut tested his people at a river; whoever drank from it would not follow him in battle excepting one who takes [from it] in the hollow of his hand. Many drank but only

355-434: A choice young man, and goodly ( 1 Samuel 9:2 ) is in this view interpreted as meaning that Saul was not good in every respect, but goodly only with respect to his personal appearance. According to this view, Saul is only a weak branch , owing his kingship not to his own merits, but rather to his grandfather, who had been accustomed to light the streets for those who went to the beit midrash , and had received as his reward

426-588: A group of ecstatic prophets playing music, they are overcome by the Spirit of God and join in giving prophetic words. Saul sends more men, but they too join the prophets. Eventually, Saul himself goes and also joins the prophets. After relieving the siege of Jabesh-Gilead, Saul conducts military campaigns against the Moabites , Ammonites , Edomites , Aram Rehob and the kings of Zobah , the Philistines , and

497-475: A heavenly voice ( bat kol ) was heard, proclaiming: Saul is the chosen one of God . His anger at the Gibeonites ( 2 Samuel 21:2 ) was not personal hatred, but was induced by zeal for the welfare of Israel. The fact that he made his daughter remarry ( 1 Samuel 25:44 ) finds its explanation in his (Saul's) view that her betrothal to David had been gained by false pretenses, and was therefore invalid. During

568-456: A list of men recorded as having married foreign women. Maadiah appears in a list of priests and Levites said to have accompanied Zerubbabel in Nehemiah 12:5. Maai (Hebrew: מָעַי) was a musician who was a relative of Zechariah , a descendant of Asaph . He is mentioned once, as part of the ceremony for the dedication of the rebuilt Jerusalem wall ( Nehemiah 12:36 ), where he was part of

639-526: A popular subject for speculation among modern psychiatrists. George Stein views the passages depicting Saul's ecstatic episodes as suggesting that he may have suffered from mania. Martin Huisman sees the story of Saul as illustrative of the role of stress as a factor in depression. Liubov Ben-Noun of Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, believes that passages referring to King Saul's disturbed behavior indicate he

710-412: A private and a public selection process. Having been anointed by Samuel, Saul is told of signs indicating that he has been divinely appointed. The last of these is that Saul will be met by an ecstatic group of prophets leaving a high place and playing the lyre , tambourine , and flutes . Saul encounters the ecstatic prophets and joins them. Later, Saul sends men to pursue David, but when they meet

781-495: A son of Jesse , from the tribe of Judah , enters the story: from this point on Saul's story is largely the account of his increasingly troubled relationship with David. Saul offered his elder daughter Merab as a wife to the now popular David, after his victory over Goliath, but David demurred. David distinguishes himself in the Philistine wars. Upon David's return from battle, the women praise him in song: implying that David

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852-445: A spear at David as he played the harp for Saul. David becomes increasingly successful and Saul becomes increasingly resentful. Now Saul actively plots against David. Saul offered his other daughter, Michal in marriage to David. David initially rejects this offer also, claiming he is too poor. Saul offers to accept a bride price of 100 Philistine foreskins , intending that David die in the attempt. Instead, David obtains 200 foreskins and

923-656: A village in Saue Parish, Harju County, Estonia Pällu, Jõgeva County , a village in Mustvee Parish, Jõgeva County, Estonia La Pallu , a commune in Mayenne, France Other [ edit ] Pallu (poetry) , a genre of Tamil poetry Pallu, the loose end of a sari Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Pallu . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

994-407: Is a name which appears in 1 Samuel 25:44 and 2 Samuel 3:15, where it is the name of the father of Palti , or Paltiel, the man who was married to Saul 's daughter Michal before she was returned to David . Lapidoth was the husband of Deborah , the fourth judge of Israel, according to Judges 4:4. Letushim appears as a son of Dedan according to Genesis 25:3. Leummim ( Hebrew : לְאֻמִּים )

1065-579: Is consequently married to Michal. Jonathan arranges a short-lived reconciliation between Saul and David and for a while David served Saul "as in times past" until "the distressing spirit from the Lord" re-appeared. Saul sends assassins in the night, but Michal helps him escape, tricking them by placing a household idol in his bed. David flees to Jonathan, who arranges a meeting with his father. While dining with Saul, Jonathan explains David's absence, saying he has been called away to his brothers. But Saul sees through

1136-650: Is finishing sacrificing and reprimands Saul for not obeying his instructions. Several years after Saul's victory against the Philistines at Michmash Pass, Samuel instructs Saul to make war on the Amalekites and to "utterly destroy" them including all their livestock in fulfilment of a mandate set out: Having forewarned the Kenites who were living among the Amalekites to leave, Saul goes to war and defeats

1207-412: Is listed in a genealogy of the tribe of Manasseh . He is mentioned only in 1 Chronicles 7:19. Lo-Ammi (Hebrew for "not my people") was the youngest son of Hosea and Gomer . He had an older brother named Jezreel and an older sister named Lo-Ruhamah. God commanded Hosea to name him "Lo-Ammi" to symbolize his anger with the people of Israel (see Hosea 1:1 – 9 ). Lo-Ruhamah (Hebrew for "not loved")

1278-470: Is not universally accepted and there is insufficient extrabiblical evidence to verify if the biblical account reflects historical reality. While several scholars believe that the existence of the United Monarchy is corroborated by archaeological evidence, although with considerable theological exaggerations, others, like Israel Finkelstein , believe it to be a late ideological construct. In

1349-417: Is the greater warrior. Saul fears David's growing popularity and henceforth views him as a rival to the throne. Saul's son Jonathan and David become close friends. Jonathan recognizes David as the rightful king, and "made a covenant with David, because he loved him as his own soul." Jonathan even gives David his military clothes, symbolizing David's position as successor to Saul. On two occasions, Saul threw

1420-656: Is traditionally identified with king Saul. Muslims believe that (as in the Bible) he was the commander of Israel. According to the Qur'an, Talut was chosen by the Prophet Samuel (not mentioned by name explicitly, but rather as "a Prophet" of the Israelites) after being asked by the people of Israel for a King to lead them into war. The Israelites criticized Samuel for appointing Talut, lacking respect for Talut because he

1491-468: The coup de grâce . David has the Amalekite put to death, advancing the theme that David will never kill the Lord's anointed king (c.f. 1 Samuel 24, 26). The victorious Philistines recover Saul's body as well as those of his three sons who also died in the battle, decapitate them and display them on the wall of Beth-shan. They display Saul's armour in the temple of Ashtaroth (an Ascalonian temple of

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1562-502: The Amalekites . A biblical summary states that "wherever he turned, he was victorious". In the second year of his reign, King Saul, his son Jonathan, and a small force of a few thousand Israelite soldiers defeated a massive Philistine force of 3,000 chariots, 6,000 horsemen, and more than 30,000 infantry in the pass of Michmash . After the battle, Saul instructs his armies, by a rash oath, to fast. Methodist commentator Joseph Benson suggests that "Saul's intention in putting this oath

1633-602: The Hebrew Bible in a genealogy of the Tribe of Benjamin . Malchiel (Hebrew מַלְכִּיאֵל "my king is God") was a son of Beriah the son of Asher , according to Genesis 46:17 and Numbers 26:45 . He was one of the 70 persons to migrate to Egypt with Jacob. According to 1 Chronicles 7:31, he was the ancestor of the Malchielites, a group within the Tribe of Asher . Heb. "King of help" or "King of salvation", one of

1704-673: The Jewish Study Bible (2014), Oded Lipschits states the concept of the United Monarchy should be abandoned, while Aren Maeir highlights the lack of evidence about the United Monarchy. However, in his books Beyond the Texts (2018) and Has Archeology Buried the Bible? (2020) William G. Dever has defended the historicity of the United Monarchy, maintaining that the reigns of Saul, David and Solomon are "reasonably well attested". Similar arguments were advanced by Amihai Mazar in

1775-599: The Amalekites. Saul kills all the men, women, children and poor quality livestock, but leaves alive the king, Agag , and best livestock. When Samuel learns that Saul has disobeyed and plundered the livestock for self-gain, he informs Saul that God has rejected him as king. As Samuel turns to go, Saul seizes hold of his garments and tears off a piece; Samuel prophesies that the kingdom will likewise be torn from Saul. Samuel then kills Agag himself. Samuel and Saul each return home and never meet again after these events. After Samuel tells Saul that God has rejected him as king, David ,

1846-406: The Bible , specifically in the Hebrew Bible , of minor notability, about whom little or nothing is known, aside from some family connections. Here are the names which start with L-Z; for A-K see there . Laadah (Hebrew: לאדה) is one of the sons of Shelah , son of Judah (son of Jacob) in 1 Chronicles 4:21. See Libni See Libni Lael (Hebrew לָאֵל "belonging to God") was a member of

1917-608: The Bible: Hebrew for "Worker of Yahweh", one of the priests resident at Jerusalem at the Captivity 1 Chronicles 9:12 Maaz was one of the sons of Ram the firstborn of Jerahmeel . His brothers were: Jamin and Eker. He is mentioned briefly in 1 Chronicles 2:27 . Hebrew for "Clad with a mantle", one of the Gadite heroes who joined David in the wilderness 1 Chronicles 12:13 Machbena or Machbenah , according to

1988-639: The Canaanites). But at night the inhabitants of Jabesh-Gilead retrieve the bodies for cremation and burial. Later on, David takes the bones of Saul and of his son Jonathan and buries them in Zela, in the tomb of his father. The account in 1 Chronicles summarises by stating that: There are several textual or narrative issues in the text, including the aforementioned conflicting accounts of Saul's rise to kingship and his death, as well as plays on words, that biblical scholars have discussed. The birth-narrative of

2059-428: The blame for Saul's death. In the narrative of Saul's private anointing in 1 Samuel 9:1–10:16, Saul is not referred to as a king ( melech ), but rather as a "leader" or "commander" ( nagid ) Saul is only given the title "king" ( melech ) at the public coronation ceremony at Gilgal . Various authors have attempted to harmonize the two narratives regarding Saul's death. Josephus writes that Saul's attempted suicide

2130-418: The city to siege. David realizes that the citizens of Keilah will betray him to Saul. He flees to Ziph pursued by Saul. Saul hunts David in the vicinity of Ziph on two occasions: The Philistines make war again, assembling at Shunem , and Saul leads his army to face them at Mount Gilboa . Before the battle he goes to consult a medium or witch at Endor . The medium, unaware of his identity, reminds him that

2201-630: The death of Abner, was killed by two of his own captains. During a famine, God told king David that the famine happened because of how Saul treated the Gibeonites . The Gibeonites told David that only the death of seven sons of Saul would compensate them for losing their livelihood after the priests at Nob were killed under Saul's orders. David then granted the Gibeonites the jurisdiction to individually execute Saul's surviving two sons and five of Saul's grandsons (the sons of Merab and Adriel). The Gibeonites killed all seven, and hung up their bodies at

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2272-406: The etymology and multiple references to the root of the name seems to fit Saul instead. The majority explanation for the discrepancy is that the narrative originally described the birth of Saul, and was given to Samuel in order to enhance the position of David and Samuel at the former king's expense. The Bible's tone with regard to Saul changes over the course of the narrative, especially around

2343-475: The faithful ventured on. In the battle, however, David slew Goliath and was made the subsequent King of Israel. The Qur'anic account differs from the Biblical account (if Saul is assumed to be Talut) in that in the Bible the sacred Ark was returned to Israel before Saul's accession, and the test by drinking water is made in the Hebrew Bible not by Saul but by Gideon . The historicity of Saul's kingdom

2414-458: The four sons of Saul ( 1 Chronicles 8:33 ). He perished along with his father and brothers in the battle of Gilboa ( 1 Samuel 31:2 ). Malchiah (Hebrew: מלכיהו malkiyahu "God is my king") son of the king (Jeremiah 38:6), owner of the pit into which Jeremiah was thrown A Kohathite Levite, one of the sons of Heman the Levite ( 1 Chronicles 25:4 ), and chief of the nineteenth division of

2485-524: The group that processed southwards behind Ezra . His name is omitted in the Septuagint translation of the passage, as are the names of five other relatives of Zechariah mentioned in the same verse. The name is otherwise unattested. Blenkinsopp suggests that Maai is a diminutive nickname. Mandel proposes its Hebrew origin means "sympathetic". Several men called Maaseiah (Hebrew מַעֲשֵׂיָה or מַעֲשֵׂיָהוּ maaseyah(u) "Work of YHWH") are mentioned in

2556-484: The house of Gershon according to Numbers 3:24 . He was the father of Eliasaph . Neither of these is named in the Gershonite list in 1 Chronicles 23:7–11 . Lahmi , according to 1 Chronicles 20:5, was the brother of Goliath, killed by David's warrior Elhanan. See also Elhanan, son of Jair . This entry is about the individual named Laish. For the city Dan, known also as Laish, see Dan (ancient city) . Laish

2627-421: The king has made witchcraft a capital offence , but he assures her that Saul will not harm her. She conjures a spirit which appears to be the prophet Samuel , and tells him that God has fully rejected him, will no longer hear his prayers, has given the kingdom to David and that the next day he will lose both the battle and his life. Saul collapses in fear, and the medium restores him with food in anticipation of

2698-531: The lifetime of Saul there was no idolatry in Israel. The famine in the reign of David ( 2 Samuel 21:1 ), seemingly blamed on Saul, was in fact the people's fault, for not according Saul the proper honours at his burial. In Sheol , Samuel reveals to Saul that in the next world, Saul would dwell with Samuel, which is a proof that all has been forgiven him by God. In the Quran , the character Ṭālūt ( Arabic : طالوت )

2769-449: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pallu&oldid=1241549966 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Pallu (biblical figure) This article contains persons named in

2840-474: The name 'Ṭālūt' means 'Tall' (from the Arabic "tūl") and refers to the extraordinary stature of Saul, which would be consistent with the Biblical account. In explanation of the name, exegetes such as Tha'labi hold that at this time, the future King of Israel was to be recognised by his height; Samuel set up a measure, but no one in Israel reached its height except Ṭālūt (Saul). In the Qur'an, Israelites demanded

2911-412: The next day's battle. Saul's death is described by the narrator (and also in 1 Chronicles 10) but a conflicting account is given by a young Amalekite . The defeated Israelites flee from the enemy and Saul asks his armour bearer to kill him, but the armour bearer refuses, and so Saul falls upon his own sword. But the Amalekite tells David he found Saul leaning on his spear after the battle and delivered

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2982-406: The old have sinned, why should the young suffer; and if men have been guilty, why should the cattle be destroyed? It was this humaneness which cost him his crown. And while Saul was merciful to his enemies, he was strict with his own people; when he found out that Ahimelech , a kohen, had assisted David with finding food, Saul, in retaliation, killed the remaining 85 kohanim of Ahimelech's family and

3053-559: The only mention of him, in 1 Chronicles 2:49, was the son of Sheva the son of Caleb . Machi of the tribe of Gad was the father of Geuel , a scout sent to Canaan prior to the crossing of the Jordan River according to Numbers 13:15 . Machnadebai is mentioned in the Hebrew Bible only once, in Ezra 10:40, where the name appears in a list of people alleged to have married foreign women. Magpiash , according to Nehemiah 10:20,

3124-572: The passage where David appears, midway through 1 Samuel. Before, Saul is presented in positive terms, but afterward his mode of ecstatic prophecy is suddenly described as fits of madness, his errors and disobedience to Samuel's instructions are stressed and he becomes a paranoiac. This may indicate that the David story is inserted from a source loyal to the House of David; David's lament over Saul in 2 Samuel 1 then serves an apologetic purpose, clearing David of

3195-404: The people how they should slaughter cattle. As a reward for this, God himself gave Saul a sword on the day of battle, since no other sword suitable for him was found. Saul's attitude toward David was excused by arguing that his courtiers were all tale-bearers, and slandered David to him; and in like manner he was incited by Doeg against the priests of Nob —this act was forgiven him, however, and

3266-536: The plunder!") was the second mentioned son of the prophet Isaiah (Isaiah 8.1–4). The name is a reference to the impending plunder of Samaria and Damascus by the king of Assyria. The name is the longest personal name in the Bible. Mahlah is the name of two biblical persons: The father of four sons 1 Kings 4:31 who were inferior in wisdom only to Solomon . For the deity sometimes called Malcam, Malcham, or Milcom, see Moloch . Malcam ( King James Version spelling Malcham ) son of Shaharaim appears only once in

3337-509: The portrayal of Saul from positive to negative following David's introduction, and etymological discrepancies in the birth-narrative of Samuel , which some scholars believe originally described Saul's birth. The biblical accounts of Saul's life are found in the Books of Samuel : According to the Hebrew text of the Bible , Saul reigned for two years, but Biblical commentators generally agree that

3408-580: The presumption that both counselors have Persian names. Mash was a son of Aram according to Genesis 10:23 . In Arabic traditions, Mash is considered the father of Nimrod (not Nimrod bin Kush bin Kanan), who begot Kinan, who in turn begot another Nimrod, and the lattermost's descendants mixed with those of Asshur (i.e. Assyrians). Tse Tsan-Tai identifies his descendants with the indigenous peoples of Siberia . Hebrew word meaning tribute or burden, one of

3479-406: The promise that one of his grandsons should sit upon the throne. The second view of Saul makes him appear in the most favourable light as man, as hero, and as king. In this view, it was on account of his modesty that he did not reveal the fact that he had been anointed king; and he was extraordinarily upright as well as perfectly just. Nor was there any one more pious than he; for when he ascended

3550-514: The prophet Samuel is found at 1 Samuel 1–28. It describes how Samuel's mother Hannah requests a son from Yahweh , and dedicates the child to God at the shrine of Shiloh. The passage makes extensive play with the root-elements of Saul's name, and ends with the phrase hu sa'ul le-Yahweh , "he is dedicated to Yahweh." Hannah names the resulting son Samuel, giving as her explanation, "because from God I requested him." Samuel's name, however, can mean "name of God," (or "Heard of God" or "Told of God") and

3621-499: The report of any other eyewitness, some scholars theorize that the Amalekite may have been lying to try to gain favor with David. In this view, 1 Samuel records what actually happened, while 2 Samuel records what the Amalekite claimed happened. Two opposing views of Saul are found in classical rabbinical literature. One is based on the reverse logic that punishment is a proof of guilt, and therefore seeks to rob Saul of any halo which might surround him. The passage referring to Saul as

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3692-443: The rest of his hometown, Nob. The fact that he was merciful even to his enemies, being indulgent to rebels themselves, and frequently waiving the homage due to him, was incredible as well as deceiving. But if his mercy toward a foe was a sin, it was his only one; it was his misfortune that it was reckoned against him, while David (who had committed many sins) was so favored that it was not remembered to his injury. In some respects Saul

3763-514: The ruse and reprimands Jonathan for protecting David, warning him that his love of David will cost him the kingdom, furiously throwing a spear at him. The next day, Jonathan meets with David and tells him Saul's intent. The two friends say their goodbyes, and David flees into the countryside. Saul later marries Michal to another man. Saul is later informed by his head shepherd, Doeg the Edomite , that high priest Ahimelech assisted David, giving him

3834-428: The sanctuary at Gibeah. For five months their bodies were hung out in the elements, and the grieving Rizpah guarded them from being eaten by the beasts and birds of prey. Finally, David had the bodies taken down and buried in the family grave at Zelah with the remains of Saul and their half-brother Jonathan. Michal was childless. The only male descendant of Saul to survive was Mephibosheth , Jonathan's lame son, who

3905-606: The son of Kish was chosen to be king. The family of the Matrites is nowhere else mentioned in the Hebrew Bible; the conjecture, therefore, is that Matri is probably a corruption of Bikri, i.e. a descendant of Becher ( Genesis 46:21 ). Saul The historicity of Saul and the United Kingdom of Israel is not universally accepted, as what is known of both comes exclusively from the Hebrew Bible . According to

3976-535: The sons of Ishmael , the founder of an Arabian tribe ( Gen. 25:14 ); a nomadic tribe inhabiting the Arabian desert toward Babylonia. Matred , according to Genesis 36:39 and 1 Chronicles 1:50, was the mother-in-law of the Edomite king Hadad II. Matri , of the Tribe of Benjamin , was an ancestor of Saul according to 1 Samuel 10:21 . Matri's clan, or the family of the Matrites , was chosen, and, from them, Saul

4047-409: The sword of Goliath, which had been kept at the temple at Nob . Doeg kills Ahimelech and eighty-five other priests and Saul orders the death of the entire population of Nob. David had left Nob by this point and had amassed some 300 dissatisfied men, including some outlaws. With these men David rescues the town of Keilah from a Philistine attack. Saul realises he could trap David and his men by laying

4118-539: The temple musicians 1 Chronicles 25:26 There are two biblical figures named Malluch Manahath is one of the sons of Shobal. His brothers names were: Ebal, Shepho, Onam, and Alvan ( Genesis 36:23 ). According to 1 Chronicles 2:45 , Maon was a member of the clan of Caleb, the son of Shammai and the father of Beth Zur. Marsena appears in Esther 1:14 as one of seven Persian and Medean princes. Marsena also advised King Ahasuerus. See also: Carshena . There exists

4189-735: The text is faulty and that a reign of 20 or 22 years is more probable. In the New Testament book of Acts 13:21 , the Apostle Paul indicates that Saul's reign lasted for forty years. According to the Hebrew Bible , Saul was the son of Kish , of the family of the Matrites , and a member of the tribe of Benjamin , one of the twelve Tribes of Israel . It appears that he came from Gibeah . Saul married Ahinoam , daughter of Ahimaaz , with whom he sired at least five sons ( Jonathan , Abinadab , Malchishua , Ishvi and Ish-bosheth ) and two daughters ( Merab and Michal ). Saul also had

4260-709: The text, he was anointed as king of the Israelites by Samuel , and reigned from Gibeah . Saul is said to have committed suicide when he fell on his sword during a battle with the Philistines at Mount Gilboa , in which three of his sons were also killed. Saul's son Ish-bosheth succeeded him on the throne and was later murdered by his own military leaders, and then his son-in-law David became king. The biblical narrative of Saul's rise to kingship and his death contains several textual inconsistencies and plays on words that scholars have discussed. These issues include conflicting accounts of Saul's anointing and death, changes in

4331-495: The throne he was as pure as a child, and had never committed sin. He was marvelously handsome; and the maidens who told him concerning Samuel ( 1 Samuel 9:11–13 ) talked so long with him in order to observe his beauty for longer. In war he was able to march 120 miles without rest. When commanded to smite Amalek ( 1 Samuel 15:3 ), Saul said: For one found slain the Torah requires a sin offering ; and here so many shall be slain. If

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4402-1853: Was afflicted by a mental disorder, and lists a number of possible conditions. However, Christopher C. H. Cook of the Department of Theology and Religion, Durham University, UK recommends caution in offering any diagnoses in relation to people who lived millennia ago. ( Shamshi-Adad dynasty 1808–1736 BCE) (Amorites) Shamshi-Adad I Ishme-Dagan I Mut-Ashkur Rimush Asinum Ashur-dugul Ashur-apla-idi Nasir-Sin Sin-namir Ipqi-Ishtar Adad-salulu Adasi (Non-dynastic usurpers 1735–1701 BCE) Puzur-Sin Ashur-dugul Ashur-apla-idi Nasir-Sin Sin-namir Ipqi-Ishtar Adad-salulu Adasi ( Adaside dynasty 1700–722 BCE) Bel-bani Libaya Sharma-Adad I Iptar-Sin Bazaya Lullaya Shu-Ninua Sharma-Adad II Erishum III Shamshi-Adad II Ishme-Dagan II Shamshi-Adad III Ashur-nirari I Puzur-Ashur III Enlil-nasir I Nur-ili Ashur-shaduni Ashur-rabi I Ashur-nadin-ahhe I Enlil-Nasir II Ashur-nirari II Ashur-bel-nisheshu Ashur-rim-nisheshu Ashur-nadin-ahhe II Second Intermediate Period Sixteenth Dynasty Abydos Dynasty Seventeenth Dynasty (1500–1100 BCE) Kidinuid dynasty Igehalkid dynasty Untash-Napirisha Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt Smendes Amenemnisu Psusennes I Amenemope Osorkon

4473-462: Was five years old at the time of his father's and grandfather's deaths. In time, he came under the protection of David. Mephibosheth had a young son, Micah, who had four sons and descendants named until the ninth generation. The First Book of Samuel gives three accounts of Saul's rise to the throne in three successive chapters: André Lemaire finds the third account probably the most reliable tradition. The Pulpit Commentary distinguishes between

4544-524: Was not aware, but was nevertheless liable for its breach, until popular intervention allowed Jonathan to be saved from death on account of his victory over the Philistines. During Saul's campaign against the Philistines, Samuel said that he would arrive in seven days to perform the requisite rites. When a week passed with no word of Samuel, and with the Israelites growing restless, Saul prepares for battle by offering sacrifices. Samuel arrives just as Saul

4615-485: Was not wealthy. Samuel rebuked the people for this and told them that Talut was more favored than they were. Talut led the Israelites to victory over the army of Goliath , who was killed by Dawud (David). Talut is considered a divinely appointed king. The name 'Ṭālūt' has uncertain etymology . Unlike some other Qur'anic figures, the Arabic name is not similar to the Hebrew name ( Sha'ul ). According to Muslim exegetes ,

4686-477: Was one of the men who signed a covenant between God and the people of Yehud Medinata . Mahali (also Mahli ) was a son of Merari of the house of Levi according to Exodus 6:19 , born in Egypt. Hebrew for "Grasping" Heb. "Visions", a Kohathite Levite, chief of the twenty-third course of musicians 1 Chronicles 25:4 , 1 Chronicles 25:30 Maher-shalal-hash-baz ("Hurry to spoil!" or "He has made haste to

4757-423: Was stalled because he was not able to run the sword through himself, and that he therefore asked the Amalekite to finish it. Later biblical criticism has posited that the story of Saul's death was redacted from various sources , although this view in turn has been criticized because it does not explain why the contradiction was left in by the redactors. But since 2 Samuel records only the Amalekite's report, and not

4828-470: Was superior to David, e.g., in having only one concubine ( Rizpah ), while David had many. Saul expended his own substance for the war, and although he knew that he and his sons would fall in battle, he nevertheless went forward, while David heeded the wish of his soldiers not to go to war in person. According to the Rabbis, Saul followed the rules of ritual impurity prescribed for the sacrifice, and taught

4899-422: Was the daughter of Hosea and Gomer . She had an older brother named Jezreel and a younger brother named Lo-Ammi. Her name was chosen by God to symbolize his displeasure with the people of Israel (see Hosea 1:1 – 9 ). Maacah was the youngest son of Nahor and his concubine Reumah , he is only mentioned in one verse in the Bible which is Genesis 22:24 . Maadai , son of Bani is found in Ezra 10:34, in

4970-402: Was the third son of Dedan , son of Jokshan , son of Abraham by Keturah ( Genesis 25:3 ). Libni (Hebrew לִבְנִי) was a son of Gershon of the house of Levi according to Exodus 6:17 and Numbers 3:18. He was born in Egypt. His descendants are referred to as the 'Libnites'. The first born son of Gershon is named as Laadan (or Ladan) in 1 Chronicles 23:7–9 . Likhi son of Shemida

5041-501: Was undoubtedly to save time, lest the Philistines should gain ground of them in their flight. But the event showed it was a false policy; for the people were so faint and weak for want of food, that they were less able to follow and slay the Philistines than if they had stopped to take a moderate refreshment". Jonathan's party were not aware of the oath and ate honey , resulting in Jonathan realizing that he had broken an oath of which he

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