22-518: Parsley , or garden parsley ( Petroselinum crispum ) is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae that is native to Greece , Morocco and the former Yugoslavia . It has been introduced and naturalized in Europe and elsewhere in the world with suitable climates, and is widely cultivated as an herb and a vegetable . It is believed to have been originally grown in Sardinia , and
44-640: A root vegetable , the Hamburg root parsley ( P. crispum Radicosum Group, syn. P. crispum var. tuberosum ). This type of parsley produces much thicker roots than types cultivated for their leaves. Although seldom used in Britain and the United States , root parsley is common in central and eastern European cuisine , where it is used in soups and stews , or simply eaten raw, as a snack (similar to carrots ). Although root parsley looks similar to
66-561: A flowering stem to 75 cm (30 in) tall with sparser leaves and flat-topped 3–10 cm diameter umbels with numerous 2 mm diameter yellow to yellowish-green flowers. The seeds are ovoid , 2–3 mm long, with prominent style remnants at the apex . One of the compounds of the essential oil is apiole . The plant normally dies after seed maturation. Parsley is widely used in Middle Eastern , Mediterranean , Brazilian , and American cuisine. Curly leaf parsley
88-672: A host plant for their larvae; their caterpillars are black and green striped with yellow dots, and will feed on parsley for two weeks before turning into butterflies. Bees and other nectar-feeding insects also visit the flowers. Parsley is subdivided into several cultivar groups . Often these are treated as botanical varieties , despite being cultivated selections, not of natural botanical origin. The two main groups of parsley used as herbs are French , or curly leaf ( P. crispum Crispum Group; syn. P. crispum var. crispum ); and, Italian , or flat leaf ( P. crispum Neapolitanum Group; syn. P. crispum var. neapolitanum ). Flat-leaved parsley
110-745: A vegetable in many soups, stews, and casseroles . The word "parsley" is a merger of Old English petersilie (which is identical to the contemporary German word for parsley: Petersilie ) and the Old French peresil . Both of these names are derived from Medieval Latin petrosilium , from Latin petroselinum , which is the latinization of the Greek πετροσέλινον , petroselinon , 'rock-celery', from πέτρα , petra , 'rock, stone' and σέλινον , selinon , 'celery'. Mycenaean Greek se-ri-no, in Linear B ,
132-624: Is an Italian custom to serve it with bollito misto or fish. Gremolata , a mixture of parsley, garlic, and lemon zest, is a traditional accompaniment to the Italian veal stew, ossobuco alla milanese . Root parsley is very common in Central , Eastern , and Southern European cuisines, where it is used as a snack or a vegetable in many soups, stews, and casseroles , and as ingredient for broth . In Brazil , freshly chopped parsley ( salsa ) and freshly chopped scallion ( cebolinha ) are
154-502: Is cooked with the other ingredients and removed prior to consumption. Liquid remaining in the bouquet garni can be wrung out into the dish. There is no standard recipe for bouquet garni , but most French recipes include thyme , bay leaf and parsley . It may also include basil , burnet , chervil , rosemary , peppercorns , savory and tarragon . Vegetables such as carrot , celery (leaves or leaf stalks ), celeriac , leek , onion and parsley root are sometimes included in
176-414: Is credited with neutralising odours associated with garlic in cooking. In central Europe, eastern Europe, and southern Europe, as well as in western Asia, many dishes are served with fresh green, chopped parsley sprinkled on top. In southern and central Europe, parsley is part of bouquet garni , a bundle of fresh herbs used as an ingredient in stocks , soups , and sauces . Freshly chopped green parsley
198-402: Is grown from seed. Germination is slow, taking four to six weeks, and it often is difficult because of furanocoumarins in its seed coat . Typically, plants grown for the leaf crop are spaced 10 cm apart, while those grown as a root crop are spaced 20 cm apart to allow for the root development. Parsley attracts several species of wildlife. Some swallowtail butterflies use parsley as
220-410: Is often used as a garnish . In central Europe , eastern Europe , and southern Europe, as well as in western Asia , many dishes are served with fresh green chopped parsley sprinkled on top. Flat-leaf parsley is similar, but is often preferred by chefs because it has a stronger flavor. Root parsley is very common in central, eastern, and southern European cuisines, where it is eaten as a snack, or as
242-407: Is preferred by some gardeners as it is easier to cultivate, being more tolerant of both rain and sunshine, and is said to have a stronger flavor—although this is disputed—while curly leaf parsley is preferred by others because of its more decorative appearance in garnishing . A third type, sometimes grown in southern Italy, has thick leaf stems resembling celery . Another type of parsley is grown as
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#1732766041900264-520: Is reportedly 215.5 mg/100 grams, which is much higher than the next highest food source, green celery hearts providing 19.1 mg/100 grams. Parsley essential oil is high in myristicin . Excessive consumption of parsley should be avoided by pregnant women. Normal food quantities are safe for pregnant women, but consuming excessively large amounts may have uterotonic effects. Parsley grows best in moist, well-drained soil, with full sun. It grows best between 22–30 °C (72–86 °F), and usually
286-438: Is the earliest attested form of the word selinon . The species of this genus are: This Apiaceae article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Bouquet garni The bouquet garni ( French for "garnished bouquet"; pronounced [bukɛ ɡaʁni] ) is a bundle of herbs usually tied with string and mainly used to prepare soup , stock , casseroles and various stews . The bouquet
308-420: Is the earliest attested form of the word selinon . Garden parsley is a bright green, biennial plant in temperate climates, or an annual herb in subtropical and tropical areas. Where it grows as a biennial, in the first year, it forms a rosette of tripinnate leaves 10–25 cm long with numerous 1–3 cm leaflets, and a taproot used as a food store over the winter. In the second year, it grows
330-471: Is used as a topping for soups such as chicken soup , green salads, or salads such as salade Olivier , and on open sandwiches with cold cuts or pâtés . Persillade is a mixture of chopped garlic and chopped parsley in French cuisine . Parsley is the main ingredient in Italian salsa verde , which is a mixed condiment of parsley, capers, anchovies, garlic, and sometimes bread, soaked in vinegar. It
352-448: Is used often as a garnish . Green parsley is used frequently as a garnish on potato dishes (boiled or mashed potatoes), on rice dishes ( risotto or pilaf ), on fish, fried chicken, lamb, goose, and steaks , as well as in meat or vegetable stews (including shrimp creole, beef bourguignon , goulash , or chicken paprikash ). Parsley seeds are also used in cooking, imparting a stronger parsley flavor than leaves. Parsley, when consumed,
374-411: The parsnip , which is among its closest relatives in the family Apiaceae, its taste is quite different. Petroselinum Petroselinum is a genus of two parsley species of flowering plants in the family Apiaceae , native to western and southern Europe and northern Africa . Plants of this genus are bright green, hairless, biennial and herbaceous ; they are rarely annual plants . In
396-502: The first year, they form a rosette of pinnate to tripinnate leaves and a tap root used as a food store over the winter. In the second year they grow a flowering stem up to 1 m tall with sparser leaves and umbels of white or pinkish to yellowish-green flowers. The generic name comes from rendering the Greek word πετροσέλινον petroselinon "rock-celery" into Latin , from πέτρα petra "rock, stone" and σέλινον selinon " celery ". Mycenaean Greek se-ri-no, in Linear B ,
418-618: The flourishing of the Jews after first arriving in Egypt. Parsley is a source of flavonoids and antioxidants , especially luteolin , apigenin , folate , vitamin K , vitamin C , and vitamin A . Half a tablespoon (a gram) of dried parsley contains about 6.0 μg of lycopene and 10.7 μg of alpha carotene as well as 82.9 μg of lutein + zeaxanthin and 80.7 μg of beta carotene . Dried parsley can contain about 45 mg /gram apigenin . The apigenin content of fresh parsley
440-546: The main ingredients in the herb seasoning called cheiro-verde (literally "green aroma"), which is used as key seasoning for major Brazilian dishes , including meat, chicken, fish, rice, beans, stews, soups, vegetables, salads, condiments, sauces, and stocks . Cheiro-verde is sold in food markets as a bundle of both types of fresh herbs. In some Brazilian regions, chopped parsley may be replaced by chopped coriander (also called cilantro, coentro in Portuguese) in
462-467: The mixture. Parsley is a key ingredient in several Middle Eastern salads such as Lebanese tabbouleh ; it is also often mixed in with the chickpeas and/or fava beans while making falafel (that gives the inside of the falafel its green color). It is also a main component of the Iranian stew ghormeh sabzi . Parsley is a component of a standard Seder plate arrangement, it is eaten to symbolize
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#1732766041900484-686: Was cultivated in around the 3rd century BC. Linnaeus stated its wild habitat to be Sardinia, whence it was brought to England and apparently first cultivated in Britain in 1548, though literary evidence suggests parsley was used in England in the Middle Ages as early as the Anglo-Saxon period . Parsley is widely used in European , Middle Eastern , and American cuisine . Curly-leaf parsley
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