86-521: The Pashupatinath Temple ( Nepali : पशुपतिनाथ मन्दिर ) is a Hindu temple dedicated to Pashupati , a form of Shiva . It is located in Kathmandu, Nepal near the Bagmati River . The temple was classified as a World Heritage Site in 1979. This "extensive Hindu temple precinct" is a "sprawling collection of temples, ashrams, images and inscriptions raised over the centuries along the banks of
172-407: A government institution established in 1913 ( B.S. 1970) for advancement of Gorkha Bhasa, renamed itself as Nepali Bhasa Prakashini Samiti (Nepali Language Publishing Committee) in 1933 (B.S. 1990), which is currently known as Sajha Prakashan . Conversely, the term Gorkhali in the former national anthem entitled " Shriman Gambhir " was changed to Nepali in 1951. However, the term Nepali
258-540: A civil court, the appointment was overruled by the Supreme Court of Nepal , but the government ignored the ruling and stood by its decision, which led to public outrage and protests over a lack of transparency. A clash between the youth wing of the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) and the protesting temple staff caused over a dozen injuries when some 100 Maoist cadres attacked the temple caretakers, though
344-471: A close connect, subsequently, the language became the lingua franca in the area. As a result, the grammar became simplified, vocabulary was expanded, and its phonology was softened, after it was syncretised, Nepali lost much of the complex declensional system present in the older languages. In the Kathmandu Valley (then known as Nepal Mandala ), Nepali language inscriptions can be seen during
430-554: A cooling effect on the body, promoting a sense of balance and harmony. Astrological Significance: In Vedic astrology, 18 Mukhi Rudraksha beads are associated with specific planetary influences. Different Mukhi (faces) Rudraksha beads are believed to resonate with different planets, providing astrological benefits to the wearer. Many individuals consult astrologers to determine the most suitable Rudraksha beads based on their birth chart. Cultural and Fashion Statement: Beyond their spiritual and health benefits, Rudraksha beads have become
516-628: A cultural and fashion symbol. Many people wear 21 Mukhi Rudraksha necklaces or bracelets as a part of their daily attire, blending tradition with contemporary fashion. This fusion of cultural significance and style has contributed to the widespread popularity of Rudraksha beads. Rudraksha beads are categorized based on the number of faces they possess, ranging from 1 to 21, with rare occurrences of beads having up to 26-27 faces. Additionally, unique types such as Gaurishankar (two beads conjoined), Trijuti (three beads conjoint), veda (4 conjoined sawar s) and dwaita (2 conjoined sawar s) are also found among
602-412: A cycle of 108 and has symbolic value as a 'principle' bead. Rudraksha garlands usually contain beads in combinations 27+1, 54+1, or 108+1. The mantra Om Namah Shivaya , associated with Shiva, is often chosen for repetitions ( japa ) using rudraksha beads. Begin by immersing the beads in ghee (clarified butter) for 24 hours, followed by soaking them in full-fat milk for an additional 24 hours. Rinse
688-489: A deeper meditative experience. Many meditation practitioners wear 19 Mukhi Rudraksha beads as a means to align their spiritual energies and reach a heightened state of awareness. Health Benefits: Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine, recognizes the medicinal properties of Rudraksha beads. Some believe that wearing 20 Mukhi Rudraksha beads can have positive effects on the cardiovascular system and overall well-being. The 13 Mukhi Rudraksha beads are also thought to have
774-455: A five-faced stone is representative of Hanuman. Rudraksha s from Nepal are between 20 and 35 mm (0.79 and 1.38 in) and those from Indonesia are between 5 and 25 mm (0.20 and 0.98 in). Rudraksha stones are most often brown, although white, red, yellow, or black stones may also be found. Many types of stone are described. Gauri Shankar are two stones which are naturally conjoined. Sawar are Gauri Shankar in which one of
860-587: A gold pinnacle (peak). Inside are two garbhagrihas : the inner garbhagriha or sanctum sanctorum is where the idol is placed, and the outer sanctum is an open corridor-like space. The sacro sanctum , or the main idol, is a stone Mukhalinga with a silver yoni base bound with a silver serpent. It is one metre high and has faces in four directions, which represent various aspects of Shiva; Sadyojata (also known as Barun), Vamadeva (also known as Ardhanareshwara), Tatpurusha, Aghora, and Ishana (imaginative). Each face has tiny protruding hands holding rudraksha mala in
946-402: A number of facets or "faces" ( Mukhi ) which are separated by a line or cleft along the stone. Typically, these stones possess between 1 and 21 faces, although instances of Rudraksha with up to 26-27 faces have been reported, albeit rarely. Those with a single face ( ek Mukhi ) are the rarest. A Rudraskha with eleven faces is worn by renunciants, those who are married wear a two-faced stone and
SECTION 10
#17327662195661032-519: A protective shield around the wearer. It is said that 14 Mukhi Rudraksha these beads absorb negative energy, promoting a sense of peace and tranquility. Wearing 15 Mukhi Rudraksha beads is thought to provide a shield against negative influences and promote a positive aura. Meditation Aid: The texture and energy of 17 Mukhi Rudraksha beads make them popular among those who practice meditation. The 12 Mukhi Rudraksha beads are believed to help individuals focus their mind, enhance concentration, and facilitate
1118-421: A ritual maintenance routine based on traditional guidelines: Material-Specific Care Rudraksha beads are often worn in malas or bracelets made from various materials such as thread, silver, or copper. These materials can be maintained with gentle polishing methods, such as using herbal polishers, to keep them clean and presentable without damaging the bead itself. Several late-medieval Upanishads describe
1204-812: A rosary (mala) whose beads are either made of the tulsi plant or rudraksha. हृदयं कुण्डली भस्मरुद्राक्षगणदर्शनम् । तारसारं महावाक्यं पञ्चब्रह्माग्निहोत्रकम् After prostrating himself before the celebrated form of Sri Mahadeva-Rudra in his heart, adoring the sacred Bhasma and Rudraksha and mentally reciting the great Mahavakya-Mantra, Tarasara, Sage Shuka asked his father Geat Sage Vyasa . अथ हैनं कालाग्निरुद्रं भुसुण्डः पप्रच्छ कथं रुद्राक्षोत्पत्तिः । तद्धारणात्किं फलमिति । तं होवाच भगवान्कालाग्निरुद्रः । त्रिपुरवधार्थमहं निमीलिताक्षोऽभवम् ।निमीलिताक्षोऽभवम् तेभ्यो जलबिन्दवो भूमौ पतितास्ते रुद्राक्षा जाताः । सर्वानुग्रहार्थाय तेषां नामोच्चारणमात्रेण दशगोप्रदानफलं दर्शनस्पर्शनाभ्यां द्विगुणं फलमत ऊर्ध्वं वक्तुं न शक्नोमि Sage Bhusunda questioned Lord Kalagni-Rudra: What
1290-649: A short period of a hundred years in the 19th century. This literary explosion was fuelled by Adhyatma Ramayana ; Sundarananda Bara (1833); Birsikka, an anonymous collection of folk tales; and a version of the ancient Indian epic Ramayana by Bhanubhakta Acharya (d. 1868). The contribution of trio-laureates Lekhnath Paudyal , Laxmi Prasad Devkota , and Balkrishna Sama took Nepali to the level of other world languages. The contribution of expatriate writers outside Nepal, especially in Darjeeling and Varanasi in India,
1376-593: A standardised prose in the Lal mohar (royal charter)—documents related to the Nepalese Kingdom dealing with diplomatic writings, tax, and administrative records. The language of the Lal mohar is nearly modern with some minor differences in grammar and with a pre-modern orthography. Few changes including changing Kari (करि) to Gari (गरि) and merging Hunu (हुनु) with cha (छ) to create huncha (हुन्छ) were done. The most prominent work written during this time
1462-672: A thread of unity among diverse spiritual traditions, illustrating its global significance beyond its origins. The enduring allure of Rudraksha beads reflects their timeless significance in the realm of spirituality and holistic well-being. Rudraksha beads, derived from the seeds of the Rudraksha tree, hold a profound spiritual significance in Hinduism and various other cultures. The tradition of wearing these beads dates back thousands of years, and their popularity has transcended cultural and geographical boundaries. In this article, we delve into
1548-462: Is a long tradition of wearing 108 rudraksha beads in India, particularly within Shaivism , due to their association with Shiva, who wears rudraksha garlands. Most garlands contain 108 beads plus one because as 108 is considered sacred and a suitable number of times to recite a short mantra. The extra bead, which is called the "meru", bindu , or "guru bead", helps mark the beginning and end of
1634-411: Is a spiritual practice deeply rooted in ancient traditions. Whether worn for their spiritual, health, or astrological benefits, these beads continue to capture the fascination of individuals seeking a deeper connection with themselves and the divine.The Rudraksha bead, a symbol of spiritual connection, resonates across various cultures, each embracing it with unique reverence and practices. This bead weaves
1720-405: Is also a separate highest level honorific, which was used to refer to members of the royal family, and by the royals among themselves. Like all modern Indo-Aryan languages, Nepali grammar has syncretised heavily, losing much of the complex declensional system present in the older languages. Instead, it relies heavily on periphrasis , a marginal verbal feature of older Indo-Aryan languages. Nepali
1806-671: Is also notable. Nepali-language speakers are rapidly migrating around the globe in last a couple of decades and many books of Nepali language literature are published from different corners of the world. Diasporic literature has developed new ways of thinking and created a new branch in Nepali language literature. Dialects of Nepali include Acchami, Baitadeli, Bajhangi, Bajurali, Bheri, Dadeldhuri, Dailekhi, Darchulali, Darchuli, Gandakeli, Humli, Purbeli, and Soradi. These dialects can be distinct from Standard Nepali. Mutual intelligibility between Baitadeli, Bajhangi, Bajurali (Bajura), Humli and Acchami
SECTION 20
#17327662195661892-640: Is also one of the Paadal Petra Sthalams (Tamil Tevara Sthalam) of Tevaram . The temple is considered to be other half of Kedarnath Temple , both complementary to each other, and is also worshipped as the head of Shiva with his body in Kashi Vishwanath in India . The main temple priests are, as a tradition, Vedic Dravida Brahmin scholars from Karnataka educated by Śrī Śaṅkarāćārya Dakṣiṇāmnāya Pīṭha, Sringeri . Pashupatinath Temple
1978-630: Is an Indo-Aryan language native to the Himalayas region of South Asia . It is the official, and most widely spoken, language of Nepal , where it also serves as a lingua franca . Nepali has official status in the Indian state of Sikkim and in the Gorkhaland Territorial Administration of West Bengal . It is spoken by about a quarter of Bhutan 's population. Nepali also has a significant number of speakers in
2064-627: Is believed to have originated around 500 years ago with the mass migration of a branch of Khas people from the Karnali - Bheri - Seti eastward to settle in lower valleys of the Karnali and the Gandaki basin. During the times of Sena dynasty , who ruled a vast area in Terai and central hills of Nepal, Nepali language became influenced by the Indian languages including Awadhi , Bhojpuri , Braj Bhasha and Maithili . Nepali speakers and Senas had
2150-773: Is generally written in Devanagari script. In certain regions, the Tibetan script was also used in regions with predominantly Tibetic population, with common Tibetan expressions and pronunciation. In the section below Nepali is represented in Latin transliteration using the IAST scheme and IPA . The chief features are: subscript dots for retroflex consonants ; macrons for etymologically, contrastively long vowels ; h denoting aspirated plosives . Tildes denote nasalised vowels . Nepali developed significant literature within
2236-659: Is low. The dialect of the Nepali language spoken in Karnali Province is not mutually intelligible with Standard Nepali. The language is known by its old name as Khas Bhasa in Karnali. The following is a sample text in Nepali, of Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights , with a transliteration (IAST) and transcription ( IPA ). Rudraksha Saiddhantika Non - Saiddhantika Rudraksha ( IAST : rudrākṣa ) refers to
2322-824: Is often in free variation with [õ]. Nepali has ten diphthongs : /ui̯/, /iu̯/, /ei̯/, /eu̯/, /oi̯/, /ou̯/, /ʌi̯/, /ʌu̯/, /ai̯/, and /au̯/. [j] and [w] are nonsyllabic allophones of [i] and [u], respectively. Every consonant except [j], [w], and /ɦ/ has a geminate counterpart between vowels. /ɳ/ and /ʃ/ also exist in some loanwords such as /baɳ/ बाण "arrow" and /nareʃ/ नरेश "king", but these sounds are sometimes replaced with native Nepali phonemes. The murmured stops may lose their breathy-voice between vowels and word-finally. Non-geminate aspirated and murmured stops may also become fricatives, with /pʰ/ as [ ɸ ], /bʱ/ as [ β ], /kʰ/ as [ x ], and /ɡʱ/ as [ ɣ ]. Examples of this are /sʌpʰa/ 'clean' becoming [sʌɸa] and /ʌɡʱaɖi/ 'before' becoming [ʌɣaɽi]. Typically, sounds transcribed with
2408-625: Is primarily cultivated in the foothills of the Himalayas , mainly in Nepal and India. The most popular varieties of rudraksha are found in the regions of Kathmandu , around Arun Valley Region in Nepal and Kulu , and Rameshwaram in India. There are several naturally occurring trees of rudraksha s in the alpine forests of Dhauladhar and lower Shivalik ranges of the Himalayas . Groves are mostly found in Uttarakhand state of India. Wearing Rudraksha beads goes beyond mere ornamentation; it
2494-558: Is the beginning of Rudraksha beads? What is the benefit of wearing them on the body? Lord Kalagni-Rudra answered him thus: I closed my eyes for the sake of destroying the Tripurasura . From my eyes thus closed, drops of water fell on the earth. These drops of tears turned into Rudrakshas. By the mere utterance of the name of 'Rudraksha', one acquires the benefit of giving ten cows in charity. By seeing and touching it, one attains double that benefit. I am unable to praise it anymore. Like
2580-466: Is the official language of the state of Sikkim and of Gorkhaland , West Bengal . Despite being spoken by about a quarter of the population, Nepalese has no official status in Bhutan. According to the 2011 national census , 44.6% of the population of Nepal speaks Nepali as its first language . and 32.8% speak Nepali as a second language. Ethnologue reports 12,300,000 speakers within Nepal (from
2666-484: Is the oldest Hindu temple in Kathmandu. The temple is considered to be pre- Vedic in its origin and according to Nepal Mahatmaya and Himvatkhanda of Skanda Purana , the deity here gained great fame as Pashupati . Pashupatinath Temple's existence is recorded as early as 400 CE. The ornamented pagoda houses the linga of Shiva . There are many legends describing how the temple of Aalok Pashupatinath came into existence here. One legend says that Shiva and Parvati took
Pashupatinath Temple - Misplaced Pages Continue
2752-538: Is the second most commonly spoken language other than English. Allawah and Hurstville have third most Nepali speaking population in New South Wales . There are regular Nepali language News papers and Magazines in Australia. Vowels and consonants are outlined in the tables below. Nepali distinguishes six oral vowels and five nasal vowels . /o/ does not have a phonemic nasal counterpart, although it
2838-500: Is to help the Bhatt priests and perform maintenance of the inner garbhagriha . They can have little or no Vedic knowledge but still qualify as assistant priests if they belong from the same family lineage and undergo some basic criteria like caste, gotra, lineage purity, and educational qualification. They work in a set of three and switch every full moon day. There are a total of 108 Rajbhandaris. The temple courtyard has four entrances in
2924-452: Is used where no respect is due, medium honorific is used to signify equal status or neutrality, and high honorific signifies respect. Like all modern Indo-Aryan languages, Nepali grammar has syncretised heavily, losing much of the complex declensional system present in the older languages. Nepali developed significant literature within a short period of a hundred years in the 19th century. Around 1830, several Nepali poets wrote on themes from
3010-470: The 1951 Nepalese revolution and during the Panchayat system. In 1957, Royal Nepal Academy was established with the objectives of developing and promoting Nepali literature, culture, art and science. During Panchayat, Nepal adopted a " One King, One Dress, One Language, One Nation " ideology, which promoted Nepali language as basis for Nepali nationalism, this time is considered to be a Golden Age for
3096-563: The Himalayan region of South Asia . The earliest inscription in the Nepali language is believed to be an inscription in Dullu , Dailekh District which was written around the reign of King Bhupal Damupal around the year 981. The institutionalisation of the Nepali language arose during the rule of the Kingdom of Gorkha (later became known as the Kingdom of Nepal ) in the 16th century. Over
3182-657: The Khasa Kingdom in the western Nepal . Following the Unification of Nepal led by Shah dynasty 's Prithvi Narayan Shah , Nepali language became known as Gorakhā Bhāṣā ( गोरखा भाषा ; language of the Gorkhas ) as it was spoken by Gorkhas . The people living in the Pahad or the hilly region, where it does not generally contain snow, called the language Parvate Kurā ( पर्वते कुरा ), meaning "the speech of
3268-702: The Sanskrit epics Ramayana and the Bhagavata Purana , which was followed by Bhanubhakta Acharya translating the Ramayana in Nepali which received "great popularity for the colloquial flavour of its language, its religious sincerity, and its realistic natural descriptions". The term Nepali derived from Nepal was officially adopted by the Government of Nepal in 1933, when Gorkha Bhasa Prakashini Samiti (Gorkha Language Publishing Committee),
3354-522: The sanctum sanctorum was left untouched, but some of the outer buildings in the complex were damaged by the April 2015 Nepal earthquake . This main temple is built in Newari architecture . The two-level roofs are of copper with gold covering. The temple rests on a square base platform with a height of 23m 7 cm from base to pinnacle. It has four main doors, all covered with silver sheets. This temple has
3440-540: The 18th century, where it became the state language. One of the earliest works in the Middile Nepali is written during the reign of Ram Shah , King of Gorkha, a book by unknown writer called Ram Shah ko Jivani (A Biography of Ram Shah). Prithvi Narayan Shah 's Divyopadesh , written toward the end of his life, around 1774–75, contains old Nepali dialect of the era, is considered as the first work of essay of Nepali literature. During this time Nepali developed
3526-491: The 2011 census). It is spoken by 20,250,952, about 77.20% of the population, as their first language and second language . Total number of Nepali speakers in India by state (2011 census) According to the 2011 census of India , there were a total of 2,926,168 Nepali language speakers in India. In Bhutan , native Nepali speakers, known as Lhotshampa , are estimated at 35% of the population. This number includes displaced Bhutanese refugees , with unofficial estimates of
Pashupatinath Temple - Misplaced Pages Continue
3612-463: The 300 species of Elaeocarpus , 35 are found in India. The principal species of this genus is Elaeocarpus ganitrus , which has the common name of " rudraksha tree", and is found from the Gangetic plain in the foothills of the Himalayas to Nepal , South and Southeast Asia , parts of Australia , Guam , and Hawaii . These tree species typically found at higher altitudes, primarily in
3698-654: The Eastern Pahari group of the Northern zone of Indo-Aryan. The language originated from the Sinja Valley , Karnali Province then the capital city of the Khasa Kingdom around the 10th and 14th centuries. It developed proximity to a number of Indo-Aryan languages , most significantly to other Pahari languages . Nepali was originally spoken by the Khas people , an Indo-Aryan ethno-linguistic group native to
3784-561: The Himalayan region, has become scarce in India due to its previous use in making railway sleepers. The finest quality seeds originate from specific altitudes in the Himalayas, where the soil, atmosphere, and environmental factors contribute to their unique vibration. Elaeocarpus ganitrus trees grow to 60–80 ft (18–24 m). They are evergreen trees which grow quickly, and as they mature their roots form buttresses, rising up near
3870-535: The Maoist-led government of Nepal "hand picked" Nepalese priests of Khas-Gorkhali ethnicity to lead the temple, bypassing the temple's long-standing requirements. This appointment was contested by the Rajbhandaris (temple caretakers) of the temple, stating that they were not against the appointment of Nepalese priests but against the appointment without proper procedure. After the appointment was challenged in
3956-633: The Upanishads, the Tirumurai describes the wearing of rudraksha garlands and their use as prayer beads for chanting mantras . Accordingly, the Tirumurai identifies wearing a pair of rudraksha garlands as a sign of piety . They who walk the twin paths of charya and kriya ever praise the twin feet of the Lord. They wear holy emblems—the twin rings in earlobes, the twin rudraksha garland around
4042-492: The beads with water and gently wipe them dry with a clean cloth. Avoid using soap or any other cleaning materials. It's normal for the color of the Rudraksha to slightly change during this process, as these are natural beads. Additionally, some color from the thread may come off during conditioning, which is also normal. It's recommended to condition the beads every six months, following the same procedure. Cleaning and Maintenance of Rudraksha Beads Rudraksha beads, derived from
4128-496: The cardinal directions. The western entrance is the main entrance to the temple courtyard and the remaining three entrances are open only during festivals. The temple security ( Armed Police Force Nepal ) and the Pashupatinath area development trust are selective regarding who is allowed entry into the inner courtyard. Only practising Hindus of South Asian diaspora and Buddhists of Nepali and Tibetan diaspora are allowed into
4214-514: The centuries, different dialects of the Nepali language with distinct influences from Sanskrit , Maithili , Hindi , and Bengali are believed to have emerged across different regions of the current-day Nepal and Uttarakhand, making Nepali the lingua franca . Nepali is a highly fusional language with a relatively free word order , although the dominant arrangement is subject–object–verb word order (SOV). There are three major levels or gradations of honorific : low, medium and high. Low honorific
4300-445: The conjoined stones has just one face. Ganesha are stones which have a trunk-like protrusion on their bodies. Trijuti are three stones which are naturally conjoined. Other rare types include veda (4 conjoined sawar s) and dwaita (2 conjoined sawar s). Rudraksha is sacred to and popularly worn by devotees of Shiva. Rudraksha stones may be strung together as beads on a garland ( mala ) which can be worn around
4386-548: The construction, wearing, and use rudraksha garlands as well as their mythological origin as the tears of Rudra . तं गुहः प्रत्युवाच प्रवालमौक्तिकस्फटिकशङ्ख रजताष्टापदचन्दनपुत्रजीविकाब्जे रुद्राक्षा इति । आदिक्षान्तमूर्तिः सावधानभावा । सौवर्णं राजतं ताम्रं तन्मुखे मुखं तत्पुच्छे पुच्छं तदन्तरावर्तनक्रमेण योजयेत् Sage Guha replied: (It is made of any one of the following 10 materials) Coral, Pearl, Crystal, Conch, Silver, Gold, Sandal, Putra-Jivika, Lotus, or Rudraksha. Each head must be devoted and thought of as presided over by
SECTION 50
#17327662195664472-442: The cremation zone of the temple complex falls under 'Lhundrup Tsek' or ' Spontaneous Mound charnel ground' and is revered among the eight great charnel grounds where Padmasambhava meditated and gained spiritual accomplishments. The two caves situated to the north of the cremation zone along the river banks are worshipped as the meditation caves of mahasiddhas Tilopa and his disciple Naropa . The caves are considered sacred as
4558-507: The daily ritual and can touch the lingam, whereas Rajbhandaris are helpers and temple caretakers who are not qualified to perform puja rituals or to touch the deity. Bhatta are highly educated Vedic Karnataka Brahmin scholars from Karnataka . Unlike other Hindu temples, the priesthood of Pashupatinath is not hereditary. Priests are selected from a group of scholars. The chosen priest is sent to Kathmandu to perform puja and daily worship of Pashupatinath. The current Bhatta priests of
4644-860: The deities of Akara to Kshakara. Golden thread should bind the beads through the holes. On its right silver (caps) and left copper. The face of a bead should face, the face of another head and tail, the tail. Thus a circular formation must be made. अथ कालाग्निरुद्रं भगवन्तं सनत्कुमारः पप्रच्छाधीहि भगवन्रुद्राक्षधारणविधिं स होवाच रुद्रस्य नयनादुत्पन्ना रुद्राक्षा इति लोके ख्यायन्ते सदाशिवः संहारकाले संहारं कृत्वा संहाराक्षं मुकुलीकरोति तन्नयनाज्जाता रुद्राक्षा इति होवाच तस्माद्रुद्राक्षत्वमिति तद्रुद्राक्षे वाग्विषये कृते दशगोप्रदानेन यत्फलमवाप्नोति तत्फलमश्नुते स एष भस्मज्योती रुद्राक्ष इति तद्रुद्राक्षं करेण स्पृष्ट्वा धारणमात्रेण द्विसहस्रगोप्रदानफलं भवति । तद्रुद्राक्षे एकादशरुद्रत्वं च गच्छति । तद्रुद्राक्षे शिरसि धार्यमाणे कोटिगोप्रदानफलं भवति Sage Sanatkumara approached Lord Kalagni Rudra and asked him, "Lord, kindly explain to me
4730-912: The dried stones or seeds of the genus Elaeocarpus specifically, Elaeocarpus ganitrus . These stones serve as prayer beads for Hindus (especially Shaivas ),and Buddhists . When they are ripe, rudraksha stones are covered by a blue outer fruit so they are sometimes called "blueberry beads The stones are associated with the Hindu deity Shiva and are commonly worn for protection and for chanting mantras such as Om Namah Shivaya ( Sanskrit : ॐ नमः शिवाय ; Om Namaḥ Śivāya ). They are primarily sourced from India , Indonesia , and Nepal for jewellery and malas ( garlands ) and valued similarly to semi-precious stones. Rudraksha can have up to twenty one "faces" ( Sanskrit : मुख , romanized : mukha , lit. ' face ' ) or locules - naturally ingrained longitudinal lines which divide
4816-668: The ethnic Bhutanese refugee population as high as 30 to 40%, constituting a majority in the south (about 242,000 people). Nepali is the third-most spoken language in the Australian state of Tasmania , where it is spoken by 1.3% of its population, and fifth-most spoken language in the Northern Territory , Australia, spoken by 1.3% of its population. Nepali is the most spoken language other than English in Rockdale and Kogarah . In Granville , Campsie and Ashfield it
4902-485: The final schwa: Note: Schwas are often retained in music and poetry to add extra syllables when needed. Nepali is a highly fusional language with relatively free word order , although the dominant arrangement is SOV (subject–object–verb). There are three major levels or gradations of honorifics : low, medium and high. Low honorific is used where no respect is due, medium honorific is used to signify equal status or neutrality, and high honorific signifies respect. There
4988-513: The form of antelopes in the forest on the Bagmati river's east bank. The gods later caught up with him and grabbed him by one of his horns, forcing him to resume his divine form. The broken horn was worshipped as a linga , but over time it was buried and lost. Centuries later a herdsman found one of his cows showering the earth with milk, and after digging at the site, he discovered the divine linga of Pashupatinath. According to Gopalraj Aalok Vhat,
5074-568: The fruit is fully ripe, the stones are covered with a blue outer fleshy husk of inedible fruit. The blue colour is not derived from a pigment but is due to structural colouration . Rudraksha beads are sometimes called "blueberry beads" in reference to the blue colour of the fruit. Rudraksha fruits contain alkaloids , flavonoids , tannins , steroids , triterpenes , carbohydrates , and cardiac glycosides . They also contain rudrakine, an alkaloid which had been discovered in rudraksha fruit in 1979. Rudraksha stones are described as having
5160-647: The hills". Early forms of present-day Nepali developed from the Middle Indo-Aryan apabhraṃśa Vernaculars of present-day western Nepal in the 10th–14th centuries, during the times of the Khasa Kingdom . The language evolved from Sanskrit , Prakrit , and Apabhraṃśa . Following the decline of the Khasa Kingdom, it was divided into Baise Rajya (22 principalities) in Karnali - Bheri region and Chaubise rajya (24 principalities) in Gandaki region. The currently popular variant of Nepali
5246-555: The language of education, notably, by Dev Shumsher and Chandra Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana , who established Gorkhapatra , and the Gorkha Bhasa Prakashini Samiti respectively. At this time, Nepali had limited literature compared to Hindi and Bengali languages , a movement notably in Banaras , and Darjeeling was started to create uniformed Nepali identity, which was later adopted in Nepal following
SECTION 60
#17327662195665332-556: The language. In West Bengal , Nepali language was recognised by West Bengal Government in 1961 as the official language for the Darjeeling district , and Kalimpong and Kurseong . The Nepali Language Movement took place in India around 1980s to include Nepali language in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India . In 1977, Nepali was officially accepted by Sahitya Academy , an organisation dedicated to
5418-451: The maoists denied the attack. Lawmakers and activists from opposition parties joined protests, declaring their support for the Bhatt and other pro-Bhatt protesters. After long dissatisfaction and protest by Hindus both in and outside Nepal, the government was forced to reverse its decision and reinstate Bhatta priests. Nepali language Nepali ( English: / n ɪ ˈ p ɔː l i / ; Devanagari : नेपाली , [ˈnepali] )
5504-557: The method of wearing Rudraksha." What he told him was, "Rudraksha became famous by that name because initially, it was produced from the eyes of Rudra. During the time of destruction and after the act of destruction, when Rudra closed his eye of destruction, Rudraksha was produced from that eye. That is the Rudraksha property of Rudraksha. Just by touching and wearing this Rudraksha, one gets the same effect of giving in charity one thousand cows." तुलसीपारिजातश्रीवृक्षमूलादिकस्थले । पद्माक्षतुलसीकाष्ठरुद्राक्षकृतमालया He should count using
5590-490: The neck. The beads are commonly strung on silk, or on a black or red cotton thread. Less often, jewellers use copper, silver or gold wires. The rudraksha beads may be damaged if strung too tightly. The Devi-Bhagavata Purana describes the preparation of rudraksha garlands. Hindus often use rudraksha garlands aids to prayer and meditation , and to sanctify the mind, body, and soul , much as Christians use prayer beads and rosaries to count repetitions of prayer. There
5676-592: The neck—and adopt the twin mudras, all in amiable constancy. Thinking of Him, great love welling up in their heart, if they finger the rudraksha beads, it will bring them the glory of the Gods. Chant our naked Lord’s name. Say, “ Namah Shivaya !” Ch. Devi Lal Rudraksha Vatika , is a 184 acres (0.74 km ) grove dedicated to rudraksha which also has over 400 endangered ayurvedic medicinal herbs in Yamunanagar district of Haryana state in India . Rudraksha
5762-711: The promotion of Indian literature . After Sikkim was annexed by India, the Sikkim Official Languages Act, 1977, made Nepali as one of the official languages of state. On 20 August 1992, the Lok Sabha passed a motion to add the Nepali language to the Eighth Schedule. Nepali written in the Devanagari script is the official language of Nepal. On 31 August 1992, Nepali was added to the list of scheduled languages of India . Nepali
5848-603: The reasons why individuals choose to wear Rudraksha beads and the spiritual and health benefits associated with them. Spiritual Significance: Rudraksha beads are revered in Hinduism as sacred symbols of Lord Shiva. Legend has it that these beads originated from the tears of Lord Shiva, and thus, wearing them is believed to connect the wearer with divine energy. Many individuals wear Rudraksha beads to enhance their spiritual practices, meditation and prayers. Positive Energy and Protection: The unique vibrations and energies associated with 11 Mukhi Rudraksha beads are believed to create
5934-528: The reigns of Lakshmi Narasimha Malla and Pratap Malla , which indicates the significant increment of Nepali speakers in Kathmandu Valley. The institutionalisation of the Nepali language is believed to have started with the Shah kings of Gorkha Kingdom , in the modern day Gorkha District of Nepal. Following the Unification of Nepal , the language moved to the court of the Kingdom of Nepal in
6020-445: The retroflex symbols ⟨ ʈ , ʈʰ, ɖ , ɖʱ, ɽ, ɳ, ɽ̃⟩ are not purely retroflex [ ʈ , ʈʰ, ɖ , ɖʱ, ɽ , ɳ , ɽ̃] but apical postalveolar [ t̠ , t̠ʰ, d̠ , d̠ʱ, ɾ̠ , n̠ , ɾ̠̃]. Some speakers may use purely retroflex sounds after /u/ and /a/, but other speakers use the apical articulation in all positions. Final schwas may or may not be preserved in speech. The following rules can be followed to figure out whether or not Nepali words retain
6106-539: The right hand and a kamandalu in the other. Unlike other Shiva lingams in India and Nepal, this lingam is always dressed in its golden vastram except during abhisheka , so pouring milk and Ganga Jal is only possible during the ritual through the main priests. Only four priests can touch the idol. Daily rituals of Pashupatinath are carried out by two groups of priests: the Bhatta and the Rajbhandari . Bhatta perform
6192-529: The sacred Bagmati river", and is one of seven monument groups in UNESCO 's designation of Kathmandu Valley . The temple, considered one of the holiest pilgrimage sites for Hindus, is built on an area of 246 hectares (2,460,000 m) and includes 518 mini-temples and a main pagoda house. Pashupatinath temple is given a status of one of the most sacred Shiva Kshetras (abodes of Shiva ) in Skanda Purana , and
6278-458: The season: in November, it closes at 18:30. In summers, it closes at 20:00. The inner sanctum where the lingam is placed has four entrances: east, west, north, south. From 09:30 to 13:30, devotees can worship from all four doors. All four doors are also opened during abhisheka from 09:00 to 11:00. Abhisheka is done based on the direction the mukh is viewed. There are many festivals throughout
6364-515: The seeds of the Elaeocarpus ganitrus tree, are traditionally believed to hold spiritual significance and are commonly used in Hindu, Buddhist, and meditation practices. The beads require simple, regular maintenance to preserve their longevity and appearance. Below are some common cleaning and maintenance practices for Rudraksha beads, as suggested by practitioners and manufacturers: Periodic Ritual Maintenance Some practitioners also perform
6450-422: The site where Naropa received direct teachings from his master Tilopa and had the vision of Vajrayogini . Naropa was also the main teacher of Marpa , the founder of Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism who brought Vajrayana teachings to Tibet . Marpa, in turn, was the master of Milarepa , one of Tibet's most famous yogi. In January 2009, after the forced resignation by the chief priest of Pashupatinath temple,
6536-545: The states of Arunachal Pradesh , Assam , Himachal Pradesh , Manipur , Meghalaya , Mizoram and Uttarakhand . In Myanmar it is spoken by the Burmese Gurkhas . The Nepali diaspora in the Middle East , Brunei , Australia and worldwide also use the language. Nepali is spoken by approximately 19 million native speakers and another 14 million as a second language . Nepali is commonly classified within
6622-475: The stone into segments. Each face represents a particular deity. Rudraksha is a Sanskrit compound word consisting of " Rudra "( Sanskrit : रुद्र ) referring to Shiva and " akṣa "( Sanskrit : अक्ष ) meaning "eye". Sanskrit dictionaries translate akṣa ( Sanskrit : अक्ष ) as eyes, as do many prominent Hindus such as Sivaya Subramuniyaswami and Kamal Narayan Seetha; accordingly, rudraksha may be interpreted as meaning "Eye of Rudra". Of
6708-584: The temple are: The current Bhatta priest of the Vasukinath Naag temple of Pashupatinath The Rajbhandaris are the treasurers, temple caretakers, and assistant priests of the temple. They are the descendants of helper priests brought up by early Bhatts, but were allowed to settle in Kathmandu valley and later assimilated into the existing Newar caste system of Rajbhandari – a high-caste Chathariya/ Kshatriya clan of Kashyapa gotra . Their main task
6794-465: The temple complex. The inner temple courtyard remains open from 04:00 to 19:00 for the devotees, but the inner Pashupatinath Temple is open from 05:00 to 12:00, for the morning ritual and viewing and from 17:00 to 19:00 for the evening ritual. Unlike many other Shiva temples, devotees are not allowed to enter the inner garbhagriha , but are allowed to watch from the exterior premises of the outer garbhagriha . The temple closing times change depending upon
6880-422: The temple courtyard. Practising Hindus of Western descent are not allowed into the temple complex and must go no further than other non-Hindu visitors. An exception is granted to Sikhs and Jains of Indian ancestry who may enter the temple complex. Others can look at the main temple from the adjacent side of the river and pay $ 10 (1,000 Nepali rupees) to visit the small temples located in the external premises of
6966-400: The temple was built by Prachanda Deva, a Licchavi king. Another chronicle states that Pashupatinath Temple was in the form of Linga shaped Devalaya before Supuspa Deva constructed a five-storey temple of Pashupatinath in this place. As time passed, the temple needed to be repaired and renovated. It is known that this temple was reconstructed by a medieval king named Shivadeva (1099–1126 CE). It
7052-466: The trunk and radiating out along the surface of the ground. The rudraksha tree starts bearing drupes (fruit) in three to four years from germination. It yields between 1,000 and 2,000 fruits annually. These fruits are commonly called " rudraksha fruit", but are also known as amritaphala (fruits of ambrosia ). The pyrena of the fruit, commonly called the "pit" or "stone", is typically divided into multiple segments by seed-bearing locules . When
7138-583: The year, such as the Maha Shivaratri and the Teej festival. Teej is one of the most celebrated festival at Pashupatinath Temple. Buddhists consider the temple complex as sacred, and is associated with numerous mahasiddhas such as Matsyendranath , Gorakhnath , Padmasambhava , Naropa and Tilopa . The temple area is believed to be the place where Gorakhnath opened up the practices of haṭha yoga to people from all walks of life. In Vajrayana Buddhism ,
7224-449: Was Bhanubhakta Acharya 's Bhanubhakta Ramayana , a translation of the epic Ramayana from Sanskrit to Nepali for the first time. Acharya's work led to which some describe as "cultural, emotional and linguistic unification" of Nepal, comparatively to Prithvi Narayan Shah who unified Nepal. The modern period of Nepali begins in the early 20th century. During this time the ruling Rana dynasty made various attempts to make Nepali
7310-579: Was renovated by Ananta Malla adding a roof to it. Further temples have been erected around the two-storied temple, including the Vaishnava temple complex with a Rama temple from the 14th century and the Guhyeshwari Temple mentioned in an 11th-century manuscript, overtime. The current form of the temple was renovated in 1692 CE after the previous structures were affected by termites and earthquakes. The main temple complex of Pashupatinath and
7396-408: Was used before the official adoption notably by Jaya Prithvi Bahadur Singh , now considered one of the national heroes of Nepal , who advocated for the embracement of the term. The initial name of Nepali language was " Khas Kura " ( खस कुरा ), meaning language or speech of the Khas people , who are descended from the ancient Khasas of Mahabharata , as the language developed during the rule of
#565434