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58-508: Atte Wode was probably born in Coulsdon in Surrey (now Greater London ) according to Manning and Bray's History of Surrey . The precise date of his birth is not known, but it is presumed to have been sometime before 1325. His father was Geoffrey Atte Wode (Abt 1297–1346), a Serjeant-at-Arms to Edward III and his mother was Anisia. Peter and his wife, Laurencia, had at least one son who

116-514: A bronze belt from the end of the Saxon era. North of the village at Croham Hurst , upon a wooded hill, are circular barrows believed to be from a Bronze Age settlement. This is now part of a public open space and the site is marked by a brass monument. A Romano-British homestead (small farming settlement) was discovered during the construction of the Atwood School. During the 1980s, when

174-625: A considerable amount of wealth during this time. E. F. Atwood speculates that this family's treasure was gained as a result of the English success during the war. Froissart makes this observation in his Chronicles : After the battle of Caen "...the Englishmen were lords of the town three days and won great riches, the which they sent by barks and barges to Saint-Saviour by the river of Austrehem, two leagues thence, whereas all their navy lay". In 1346 Peter Atte Wode and his wife Laurencia recorded

232-447: A junction with that trunk (long-distance) route (which later becomes the M23 ). The soil is dry, and water was obtained even in 1912 by deep wells here in the chalk. This dry valley in the chalk, Smitham Bottom, has a watercourse below, the water of which in until the 16th century occasionally in times of flood ran here but after this, inexplicably, waits to break out as far as at the foot of

290-401: A recreation ground/cricket pitch-focused village green, a much smaller parade of shops than Coulsdon's high street between Coulsdon South and Town stations and a medieval church. London's ' Brighton Road ', locally the official name, and the railways, served by both semi-fast and stopping services, give Smitham Bottom/Valley a bustling, busier setting for economic life. Old Coulsdon occupies

348-618: A reference in the Rotulorum to Peter acquiring a commission to rebuild a portion of Windsor Castle during this period (there is no indication which Rotulorum records were used by Atwood during his research). The Atte Wodes had been in the employ of King Edward III since at least 1341. By 1346 three members of the Atte Wode family were serving in his royal bodyguard as Sergeants-at-Arms, including his father Geoffrey Atte Wode, his grand father Sir William Atte Wode (who had been knighted by

406-1454: A trading depot in the Marlpit Lane quarry from 1923. It was named the "Ullswater trading estate". The limeworks closed in 1961, and a park now lies in its place. The town's spelling, pronunciation and location have changed. Coulsdon originally referred to the area now known as Old Coulsdon . The name derives from Cuðrædsdun via Cullesdone pre-1130, Culesdone pre-1190, Cullisdon 1242, Culesdene 1255, Colendone c1270, Kulisdon 1279, Collesdon 1288, Cullesdon 1323, Colleston 1324, Coulesdon 1346, Cullysdon 1377, Colynsdon 1428, Colysdon 1439, Collysdon 1563, Cowlesdon 1557, Coulsdon 1597, Cowisden 1604, Couldisdon 1610, Couldesdon 1675, Culsdon 1678, Colsdon 1724. Additional variations include Curedesdone 675, Cudredesdone 675, Cudredesdune 967, Coulsdon 1083, Colesdone 1085, Culesdon 1234, Culisdon 1242, Cudredestreow 1251, Cullesdon 1266, Colesdene 1287, Colesdon 1290, Colesdun 1290, Culesdon 1291, Culesden 1292, Colieston 1324, Coulesden 1326, Coueleston 1332, Colisdon 1344, Culeston 1346, Cullysdon 1377, Cullisdoun 1403, Cullesdoun 1422, Culledon 1424, Colynsdon 1428, Collesdon 1439, Culsdon 1446, Cowlesdon 1539, Collesden 1544, Cowlesdowne 1553, Cullesdoy 1556, Colsdon 1558, Cowlesden 1558, Cullesden 1558, Cowllysdon 1567, Cowisden 1618, Coulsden 1619, Cowsdon 1620, Coolsden 1650, Coulesden 1650, Coilsoun 1655, Coulden 1655. The widely accepted origin of

464-510: Is White British (76.2%). The crime rate in 2014/15 in Sanderstead was 29.6, the 7th lowest out of the 628 wards of Greater London. Sanderstead has consistently returned Conservative Party MPs to the local seat of Croydon South and has also returned Conservative members to the local council. Since the north of Croydon tends to return Labour councillors, a near-identical split in representation follows. The current MP for Croydon South

522-547: Is a Site of Special Scientific Interest . Rickman Hill Park is the highest public park in London, at 155 metres above sea level . A memorial park and recreation ground was purchased from the Byrons by Coulsdon and Purley Urban District Council and Hall & Co Ltd in 1920, it was opened in 1921. The London Loop footpath passes through Happy Valley and Farthing Downs between Hamsey Green and Banstead . The Coulsdon section

580-587: Is a village and medieval-founded church parish at the southern end of Croydon in south London, England, within the London Borough of Croydon , and formerly in the historic county of Surrey , until 1965. It takes in Purley Downs and Sanderstead Plantation, an area of woodland that includes the second- highest point in London . Sanderstead sits above a dry valley at the edge of the built-up area of Greater London . Cementing its secular identity from

638-550: Is also conveniently placed for a number of others located within a couple of miles from the village including Croydon High School , Harris Academy Purley , Riddlesdown Collegiate , Royal Russell School , The Quest Academy , Thomas More Catholic School , Warlingham School , and Whitgift School . In the 2011 census , Sanderstead was White or White British (80.3%), Asian or Asian British (9.5%), Black or Black British (4.4%), Mixed/multiple ethnic groups (3.8%), and Other ethnic group (0.9%). The largest single ethnicity

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696-477: Is at the foot of the dry valley and has frequent, fast trains to East Croydon , connected to a range of London terminals and interchanges. Sanderstead is claimed to an origin of the English Sanders surname, noting at least four separate geographical clusters formed by the 19th century, two of which were by 1881 far more populous. Sanderstead's Interwar growth coincided with the electrification of

754-407: Is its "good" chancel of 1250 with stepped sedilia and piscina . The west tower above the entrance is of circa 1400 with corner buttresses and a tapering broach spire. A nave at right angles, replacing the south aisle, in decorated style, was designed for its 1958 construction by J. B. S. Comper. At the heart of the geographical feature Smitham Bottom (where three dry valleys merge into one)

812-464: Is on relatively flat ground. It was purchased in 1937 under the Green Belt Act by the local council and is now public open space. There is the site of a Romano-British settlement on the northern boundary, a small farmstead undisturbed for 2000 years. Sanderstead has four schools, namely; Atwood Primary Academy, Gresham Primary School, Kingsdown Secondary School and Ridgeway Primary School. It

870-523: Is situated on the road from London to Brighton, occupies an elevated position, and commands extensive and varied prospects. Until 1921, the Byron family had largely maintained this tradition, despite sales of earlier land. The sales in the 1860s increased the number of landowners. Most housing in Smitham (Bottom/Valley) and the clustered settlement of Old Coulsdon, as well as the narrower valley between them,

928-569: Is this downtown part of the district. Most commerce and industry is here, set beside the Brighton Road, which is since 2006 a town centre arc of the A23 road and on Chipstead Valley Road which terminates halfway along the arc, leading directly to Woodmansterne . The various local feeder roads reach this street, including the combined one from the south-east, Marlpit Lane, under the A23 without needing

986-499: The Black Death decimated the population in 1348–49. On 15 September 1351 de Roulegh and Peter Atte Wode were removed from their positions on the commission as a result of complaints of impropriety by fellow commissioners. They were both tried and Peter Atte Wode was found to be innocent of the charges. De Rouglegh, however, was found guilty of extorting money from labourers, sent to prison and fined heavily Ruth Sewill maintains that

1044-874: The Domesday Book . In 1537, the Dissolution of the monasteries passed ownership to the King. In 1545, Henry VIII granted two homes with land in Whattingdon and Coulsdon, Welcombes and Lawrences , to Sir John Gresham , the manor having been owned by Chertsey Abbey in the 8th century, when it was recorded as Whatindone . The Coulsdon Manor was granted or sold in 1553 to various families, including Sir Nicholas Carew (1553), Sir Francis Carew (1557), Jerome Weston, 2nd Earl of Portland , Sir Richard Mason, Sir Edward Darcy, Sir Robert Darcy and Sir Edward Bouverie (see Earl of Radnor ). From 1782 to 1921, it

1102-483: The London Borough of Croydon in Greater London . Coulsdon is a largely suburban district of London. The central area has substantial industrial, automotive and distribution services, convenience, standard socialising and niche retail as well as local professions of a typical town in the country, by its main road and main railway stations: Coulsdon South and Coulsdon Town. The alternate centre, Old Coulsdon, has

1160-586: The North Downs . The hills contain chalk and flint. A few dry valleys with natural underground drainage merge and connect to the main headwater of the River Wandle , as a winterbourne (stream) , so commonly called "the Bourne". Although this breaks onto the level of a few streets when the water table is exceptionally high, the soil is generally dry. The depression and wind gap was a natural route across

1218-691: The Southern Railway leaving largely a suburban community of households having at least one commuter to central London or Croydon . There is evidence of prehistoric human activity in and around Sanderstead. In 1958–60 the Sanderstead Archaeological Group excavated in the vicinity of Sanderstead pond and revealed the presence of man as far back as the Mesolithic Period nearly 12,000 years ago, as well as pottery fragments dated between 100 AD and 1300 AD and

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1276-486: The Banstead Downs and East Ewell to Nonsuch Palace 4 miles (6.4 km) north-west. It shares its local authority with that place as it is part of the London Borough of Sutton . This neighbourhood is a loosely defined residential part of Coulsdon, equally on undulating ground. This area forms the area of the former buildings and grounds of Cane Hill Hospital ; there had been proposals to expand this again in

1334-522: The Corporation of London (under provisions of the Corporation of London (Open Spaces) Act, 1878), purchased from Squire Byron (Lord of the Manor of Coulsdon) Farthing Downs , Coulsdon Common and Kenley Common, to add to the earlier purchase of Riddlesdown Common . The London Borough of Croydon own and maintain several parks, including Happy Valley , which, together with Farthing Downs, is designated

1392-576: The Downs for early populations. Fossil records exist from the Pleistocene period (about 4,000,000 years ago). There is evidence of human occupation from the Neolithic period, Iron Age , Anglo-Saxon, Bronze Age, Roman and Medieval . In 675, Frithwald, an Ealdorman and viceroy of King Wulfhere of Mercia , gave land at Cuthraedesdune to Chertsey Abbey . It appears as Colesdone in

1450-770: The Farthing Way A23 bypass, which opened in December 2006 as part of the Coulsdon Town Centre Improvement Scheme. The Hall family had been active in the Croydon area as coal and lime merchants since the 18th. In 1853 they leased an area of land in Coulsdon. In 1864 they closed their quarries at Merstham and increased their quarrying for chalk and flints and use of lime kilns in Coulsdon. This quarry at Coulsdon (Marlpit Lane)

1508-517: The Peter Atte Wode described in this court document was from Charlwood , Surrey; however, she does not provide documentation for her claim. No other Atte Wode's from this part of Surrey rose to prominence, so it seems unlikely that her assertion is correct. Atte Wode became associated with William of Wykeham (1320–1404). His association with Wykeham undoubtedly enhanced his stature and helped increase his wealth. Jean Froissart (1337–1405),

1566-517: The Red Lion, appears on the Bainbridge map of 1783. The coming of the railway and improved road links encouraged buildings along the sides of the major roadways and close to the stations. Since 1921, the sales of the old estate lands have replaced a countryside of discrete farms with thousands of suburban dwellings. Coulsdon segregated its long-haul from its local traffic with the construction of

1624-552: The Shire . Coulsdon Coulsdon ( / ˈ k uː l z d ən / , traditionally pronounced / ˈ k oʊ l z d ən / ) is a town in south London , England, within the London Borough of Croydon . Coulsdon was an ancient parish in the county of Surrey that included the settlements of Purley and Kenley . It was merged with Sanderstead in 1915 to form the Coulsdon and Purley Urban District and has formed part of Greater London since 1965. The location forms part of

1682-478: The chalk in Croydon and Beddington, running through it. Marlpit (a former chalk quarry) is the town's Marlpit Industrial / Business Park estate, which is strong in storage, distribution and technology. The Mount or Clockhouse is a square neighbourhood on a hill plateau with marked borders along three residential roads from Coulsdon, one of which continues from the town centre as the London Loop path, via

1740-535: The emerging new class of wealthy land owners in England who were not members of the aristocracy but grew wealthy through their association with the royal family. His ancestors would continue to acquire land, particularly in Surrey, construct the large manor house known as Sanderstead Court which is depicted in Neal's Views , continue serve the royal family in a variety of positions, and also become elected as Knights of

1798-549: The famed chronicler of medieval England and France, says in his Chronicles (1395): At this time reigned a priest called William of Wykeham . This William of Wykeham was so much in favour with the King of England, that everything was done by him, and nothing was done without him. Atte Wode was jointly appointed a Justice in Eyre south of the Trent along with Wykeham on 13 July 1361, a position he held until about 1367. The Eyre Court

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1856-515: The first of many land transactions in Sanderstead in Surrey (now Greater London) and surrounding counties. This would begin a long association with the Atwood family in Sanderstead. While he owned land in several locations (including Woodmansterne acquired in 1360 and Chipstead Manor acquired in 1364), it seems likely that Peter lived at Wood Place in Coulsdon, the ancestral home; in 1350, he

1914-415: The heart of Old Coulsdon and incorporates a children's play area and recreational green space. In total, Grange Park represents local green space of around 8 acres. Places of worship include: Athletics: The Old Coulsdon Hash House Harriers (or "OCH3") is a local hashing group. Gordon Pirie (1931–1991), an English long-distance runner lived in Coulsdon and was a member of South London Harriers, one of

1972-540: The house until 1778, when it was devised to Atwood Wigsell. It was turned into a hotel in 1928, and before the Second World War it was used by the Royal Air Force (RAF). It was very badly damaged by fire (not a bomb) in 1944 and was demolished in 1958. One very small part of the hotel building does however still stand. On the site now stands "Sanderstead Court", a three-storey block of flats. One of

2030-664: The king), and his uncle Richard Atte Wode. Jesse's Memorials of London describes his grandfather's service to Edward III as Captain of the Guard The London Letter Books describe Richard's role in moving the invasion fleet down the Thames in 1345 during the Hundred Years' War with France. Based on Peter's land transactions after the successful campaign in 1346, the Atte Wodes seem to have acquired

2088-502: The last bricks to be made locally at Crossways (at Coulsdon Road, Old Coulsdon). In 1854, to avoid the court, he adjusted the paths of some local roads, and created a gated drive from the public road. In 1863, Edmund Byron inherited the title. After his use of the inclosure acts was curtailed when he lost a case in 1877 at the Court of Chancery , large areas were sold in 1883 to the Corporation of London. The importance of this event

2146-446: The late 1990s, but these were delayed and then cancelled. An approved development of the former site of Cane Hill Hospital by Barratt Developments and David Wilson Homes , an associated organisation, gained planning permission, and started in about 2015, with intent to create over six hundred new dwellings. In 2013, Barratt published a Public Consultation document and report of feedback. Some residents protested concerns relating to

2204-434: The late 19th century until abolition in 1965 it had a civil parish council. The community had a smaller farming-centred economy until the mid 19th century. All Saints' Church's construction began in about 1230 followed by great alterations and affixing of monuments including a poem attributed to John Dryden , the first Poet Laureate nationally; it is protected under UK law as Grade I listed . Sanderstead station

2262-531: The likely effect on local infrastructure, including access routes, the proposed mix of housing, transport, notably road traffic, and the provision of educational services. In 2016 planning application approvals were finalised and the development of 677 homes on the 210-acre site was later completed in November, 2021. In 1883, to prevent further loss of Common lands arising from the Inclosure Acts ,

2320-501: The more curious aspects of Sanderstead is that it has no pub, unlike nearby Warlingham which has around six. On the edge of the village lies the site of the Old Saw Mill, now home to a number of private residences and the picturesque setting for Sanderstead Cricket Club. Cricket has been played in the area since the 18th century, with matches recorded in 1731 and 1732. The ground itself has been in use since 1883 and continues to

2378-694: The name is ‘hill of a man called Cūthrǣd’, (from OE pers. name + dūn, a hill). Alternatively the name originates from the Celtic or primitive Welsh "cull", meaning a leather bag, scrotum, bosom, womb or belly. The current town centre appears as Leydown Cross (1738) or Leaden Cross (1800) and Smitham Bottom. In 1905, the parish council, and then the Post Office renamed "Smitham bottom" as "Coulsdon". The name "Smitham Bottom" has also changed. Smetheden (1331), Smithdenbottom (1536), Smythedean(e)(1548), Smythden Bottom (1588), Smitham Bottom (1719) Coulsdon

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2436-687: The oldest and most successful athletics club in Britain. The club has been based in Coulsdon since 1913, and remains there to this day. The club competes in cross-country, road running and track and field events, and trains from its Coulsdon HQ three times a week. The club has been heavily involved in recent years in building an eight lane all weather running track at Woodcote School. It also has an active and successful triathlon section. Bare-knuckle boxing fights were held at Smitham Bottom. Records exist of fights in 1788 and 1792. Sanderstead Sanderstead / ˈ s ɑː n d ər s t ɛ d /

2494-500: The present day with four teams playing in the Surrey Championship and a number of other Colts and friendly teams. Located between Limpsfield Road and Kingswood Lane is the large Kings Wood . It derives its name from a small wood to the north of Kings Wood Lodge. In 1823, Ordnance Survey Maps called the wood Sanderstead Wood, but this might be due to a mistake. It covers some 147½ acres, criss-crossed by ancient rides and

2552-517: The school was extended, further excavation revealed the remains of several round huts, hearths, a brooch, and pottery, some of which hailed from North Africa . An Anglo-Saxon reference to Sanderstead can be found in the will, dated 871, of Alfred, an ealdorman. The village lay within the Anglo-Saxon administrative division of Wallington hundred . It later appears to have been given to St Peter's Abbey, Winchester ( Hyde Abbey ) by Æthelflæd,

2610-418: The shares of his joint legatees. The Atwood family had a long association with Sanderstead, with inscriptions at the local church indicating a presence in the village from the reign of Edward II . The manor house , known as Sanderstead Court , was substantially remodelled by Harman Atwood. This large country house was probably first constructed in the early sixteenth century. The Atwoods continued to occupy

2668-649: The south-east of the district. Scattered, rather than clustered, are six buildings listed for their national heritage and architectural value, at Grade II. Two categories above this, in the highest class, Grade I, is the Church of St John the Evangelist. This is by the recreation ground, shortly after Marlpit Lane has been joined by Coulsdon Road, from the north. St John's is late thirteenth century with extensive later additions, made of flint and rubble with much brick patching. Its nave spans two (window) bays. Older still

2726-662: The time of Edward the Confessor it was valued at 100 shillings, and now 12 pounds; and yet it produces 15 pounds. The village was granted to Sir John Gresham by Henry VIII following the Dissolution of the Monasteries . It was passed to his son Richard who subsequently sold it to John Ownsted, the transfer being ratified in 1591. Ownsted died without issue in 1600, and devised his estates to his two sisters and cousin Harman Atwood, with Atwood subsequently purchasing

2784-686: The wife of Edgar the Peaceful and mother of Edward the Martyr , where it remained after the Norman Conquest . Sanderstead appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Sandestede , and belonging to St Peter's Abbey, Winchester. It had a noted population (probably of just the adult males) of 26 including 21 villagers, 4 slaves and 1 cottager. Its Domesday assets were assessed as 5 hides , and 10 carucates of arable land. It had 9 ploughs and wood worth 30 hogs . Its Domesday entry records that in

2842-448: Was also named Peter Atte Wode (Bef 1363-aft 1384) who was a Knight of the Shire and married Petronilla. On 15 March 1351 Peter Atte Wode and John De Roulegh along with seven others were appointed as "keepers" to the "joint commission for the peace and for labourers" in Surrey. This commission was formed in several counties in England to provide an enforcement for new laws that had been enacted to regulate labour and provide for peace after

2900-403: Was an ancient parish in the county of Surrey that included the settlements of Purley and Kenley . In 1894 it became part of Croydon Rural District . The population of the parish had almost doubled between 1901 and 1911. In 1915 the rural district was split up and Coulsdon was merged with Sanderstead to form the Coulsdon and Purley Urban District . In 1965 Coulsdon and Purley became part of

2958-687: Was built in the 80 years from 1890 to 1970. The area developed mixed suburban, and in its centre urban, housing: The whole aspect of the parish has been completely transformed during the last twenty years by building. It was a little while ago entirely rural with a few new houses scattered along the line of the railway and up the valley towards Caterham, whence another deep depression in the chalk runs down to Smitham Bottom. Now there are continuous rows of villas and cottages and shops from Croydon to south of Coulsdon station. The valley and routes in Smitham Bottom encouraged some early settlements. An inn,

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3016-634: Was created to hear cases involving forest law in the Royal Forests of England. Wykeham eventually became the Bishop of Winchester , and was also the Lord Chancellor under both Edward III and Richard II . William of Wykeham was appointed the King's Commissioner in charge of rebuilding Windsor Castle and Clerk of all the King's Works in his Manors of Henley-on-Thames ( Oxfordshire ) and Easthampstead ( Berkshire ). E. F. Atwood has found

3074-477: Was licensed by the Bishop to maintain an oratory (a private chapel) at Wood Place. The precise date of his death is not known, but on 20 December 1382 Laurencia, now a widow, founded a chantry at Newark Priory (which was dissolved in 1538) and endowed a mass for the soul of Peter Atte Wode. Peter Atte Wode amassed a sizeable estate during his lifetime as the scattered records demonstrate, and he stands an example of

3132-508: Was named the 'Stoats Nest Quarry'. The works had its own internal railway system which connected to nearby main lines. In 1898, the Hall family were refused permission (by their landlord) to build cement works on the Coulsdon site. The lime principally supplied for waterworks, gas works and tanneries. Demand reduced in 1902 when the Army changed from leather to webbing equipment. And in 1905 there

3190-466: Was no longer demand from the gasworks. Between 1905 and 1910 chalk was supplied for the Halls' cement works at Beddington. In 1905, 13,000 tons of chalk were sent by rail from Coulsdon. By 1918, it was processing lime for use as fertilizer. In 1920, the Hall company purchased 102 acres from their landlord, Byron. This offered their full benefit of the railways and kilns on the land. Halls maintained

3248-432: Was owned by three generations of the Byron family, who had already purchased the sub-manor of Hooley. In 1801, the Byron family moved to live at Hooley House. Then, having sold a large amount of land in 1838 to the 'London to Brighton railway company', they moved from Hooley House to Portnall's Farm. In 1850, Hartley Farm was demolished and Coulsdon Court was built by Thomas Byron. It was said to have been constructed of

3306-559: Was reported in The Times . He also sold and gave away various plots. In 1921, Edmund Byron died. The remaining lands owned by the Byrons were sold. Land and manorial rights were passed to the Coulsdon and Purley Urban District Council. For many centuries, the lands contained several farms and manors and only on the coming of the railway were a few wealthy people from outside the traditional borders attracted to build grand houses, by 19th century descriptions, such as: This parish, which

3364-501: Was the first of the 24 to be opened. Grange Park was obtained partly by Public Subscription but mostly by Coulsdon and Purley Urban District Council in 1929 from the owners of the Coulsdon Court Golf Course. The land was sold for use as an open space or pleasure and recreation ground. Grange Park was formerly part of Squire Byrons Coulsdon Court Estate. Grange Park is situated in a designated conservation area in

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