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62-682: Peterborough Combined Police was the territorial police force responsible for law enforcement in Peterborough , England , from 1947 to 1965. It was created from the amalgamation of the Liberty of Peterborough Constabulary and the Peterborough City Police . Following the passing of the County and Borough Police Act 1856 , the Liberty of Peterborough Constabulary was formed the following year on 10 March 1857. Later, in 1874,

124-438: A Boston Police Department -approved academy which was a minimum of 160 training hours. However, as of 1 July 2021, most Boston special police officers were stripped of their police powers and the automatic right to carry a firearm on-duty, due to the passage of Massachusetts bill S.2963. The bill requires anyone exercising police powers, including Boston special police officers, to have graduated from an MPTC-approved academy or

186-618: A Charter of Incorporation was granted to the city of Peterborough, prompting the council to form a Watch Committee along with the Peterborough City Police . These two forces were combined on 1 April 1947 to form the Peterborough Combined Police. In the hot summer of 1958 the Peterborough combined police became the first police force in the UK to issue white summer tunics along with white helmets for that year. It

248-567: A citizen's arrest . Many jurisdictions permit SPOs to carry a firearm (some even while off-duty, with some SPOs being covered under LEOSA ), but some are not permitted to do so. Even in the latter case, however, they are typically permitted to carry at least OC spray (pepper spray), a baton , and/or handcuffs . Some SPOs are permitted to conduct traffic stops . In these cases, the SPOs typically (although not always) hold "full" police powers. SPOs that are primarily responsible for law enforcement in

310-446: A police force or unit within a such an agency whose duties and responsibilities are significantly different from other forces in the same country or from other personnel within the same agency, although there is no consistent international definition. Generally, special police personnel hold some level of police powers ; sometimes they hold the same powers and authority of other law enforcement officers within their jurisdiction, but at

372-495: A police officer , immigration officer and customs officer . In United States terminology, special police can mean: While no single definition of "special police" prevails across the United States, it is typically understood to mean either a law enforcement agency working for a unique jurisdiction (such as a hospital or park) or a law enforcement officer whose authority, training, and experience may differ somewhat from

434-430: A "regular" law enforcement officer (LEO). The term can also refer to limited police power granted in some jurisdictions to lifeguards , SPCA personnel, teachers , and other public sector employees which is incidental to their main responsibilities. The specific powers granted to special police officers vary widely from state to states and sometimes within a single state. Some states, such as Maryland, New York, and

496-659: A Chief Officer, who has less authority over their staff than an ordinary police chief. As of 2022, there are three designated policing units in the province: the Metro Vancouver Transit Police , which provides police services to TransLink , the regional transit provider in the Vancouver metropolitan area; the Organized Crime Agency of British Columbia , which is responsible for investigating and prosecuting organized crime rings; and

558-704: A branch of the Regular Police who were used for restoring peace and stability if it had been heavily disturbed, counter-terrorism, countering violent groups, and repressing riots (especially in prisons). The Special Police also provided security and public peace, investigated and prevented organized crime, terrorism and other violent groups; protected state and private property; and helped and assisted civilians and other emergency forces in cases of emergency, natural disasters, civil unrest and armed conflicts. The term "Special (Police) Guards" ( Greek : Ειδικοί φρουροί , romanized :  Eidikoi frouroi ) describes

620-400: A designated policing unit (DPU) to supplement "the policing and law enforcement otherwise provided by the provincial police force or a municipal police department." Although officers of a DPU are armed police officers with the same authority as any other municipal police officer, designated policing units must comply with stricter regulations compared to municipal police services and are led by

682-670: A fee to anyone who has property they wish to protect. In the state of North Carolina, special police differ greatly from security companies. North Carolina Special police officers have full arrest powers on any property they are hired to protect within the state as granted by the North Carolina Attorney General. Special police officers must also attend and pass the Basic Law Enforcement Training program like all other police officers. Security officers do not have arrest powers as their job

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744-496: A firearm concealed, off-duty, anywhere in the United States, as per the Law Enforcement Officers Safety Act . This act does not grant any additional police authority to individuals that fall under it. Individuals employed by private agencies, i.e. security companies, private schools, or private hospitals, do not qualify for LEOSA protections, even if they are sworn SSPOs whom are authorized to carry

806-528: A firearm on-duty. In New Jersey , "special police" generally refers to "Special Law Enforcement Officers" (SLEOs), whom are typically utilized to supplement full-time "regular" police officers. As codified within New Jersey state law, there are currently three classes of SLEOs, divided into "Class I", "Class II", and "Class III". Class I SLEOs are allowed to conduct routine traffic detail, spectator control, and similar duties, but are not authorized to carry

868-401: A firearm while on duty. Such SLEOs are required to attend and graduate a state-approved "Class I academy". Class II SLEOs must attend a state-approved "Class II academy" and are afforded full police powers while on-duty. They are authorized to carry a firearm. Class III SLEO licenses are reserved for retired and fully-trained police officers who are under the age of 65 years old. They serve on

930-762: A given jurisdiction (such as hospital or campus police) are more likely to hold this authority than, for example, an SPO working for a municipality's law enforcement agency as an auxiliary law enforcement officer. Uniforms of SPOs also vary widely. SPOs that hold no or limited police authority are typically uniformed in a manner that makes it immediately apparent that they are not "regular" law enforcement. This may range from distinctly different color uniforms than what local regular LEOs wear to some sort of patch or badge clearly identifying them as "special", "reserve", or "auxiliary" LEOs. SPOs whom hold "full" law enforcement authority typically wear uniforms that are similar to other local LEOs. While individual departments are usually given

992-616: A minimum they will typically possess detainment and arrest authority. 'Special police' is also occasionally used when referring to an 'elite' law enforcement agency or unit, such as special weapons and tactics (SWAT) units or other similar paramilitary forces who have some level of police power. 'Special police' may also be used to describe individuals who are granted police powers incidental to their primary duties, such as welfare fraud investigators, certain security guards , child welfare investigators, and agricultural inspectors. Special police personnel may be armed or unarmed. "Special police"

1054-454: A municipal water supply system are permitted to appoint special police officers which possess police powers for the purposes of maintaining the purity of drinking water. The regional government Metro appoints special police for the purposes of enforcing parking laws and codes. The city of Portland also commissions special police officers for this purpose. The Smithsonian museum utilizes federal employees designated as "special police" under

1116-568: A part-time LEO, and have an associate's degree or higher in criminal justice ; SSPO candidates whom have a significant full-time LE work history and have previously completed any LE academy may also apply for a training waiver from the MSP. SSPOs typically have the same police powers as "regular" police officers within the commonwealth, although they may only exercise it pursuant to their duties and usually only while on their employer's property. Massachusetts law provides that campus police officers of

1178-410: A part-time basis and authorized to provide security while on school or college premises during hours when the school or college is normally in session or when occupied by students, teachers, or professors. These Officers do not replace regular law enforcement officers or school resource officers currently employed in schools. By law, all armed SLEOs must return their firearm to the station house unless

1240-547: A prisoner from escaping. Both MADOC and MPB SSPOs are permitted to serve warrants issued by the governor, the MADOC commissioner or by the MPB chairman. MPB SSPOs may also execute warrants issued by Massachusetts courts. MPB SSPOs may also arrest parolees that have violated their parole conditions or have committed a crime before the parole officer, and have full police powers when assisting a "regular" police officer. Probation officers of

1302-483: A range of other safety services as requested by private clients. In Kentucky , special police officers are Special Law Enforcement Officers (SLEO). They are sworn peace officers with limited jurisdiction. They have full legal police powers; explicitly including arrest authority, the ability to carry a weapon, and use emergency vehicles. However, their jurisdiction is specifically limited to public property that they have been hired to protect. While Kentucky law allows both

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1364-482: A special class of police personnel, employed on a 5-year contract to supplement regular police officers. The idea for the creation of the category is attributed to Michalis Chrisochoidis and Chief Ioannis Georgakopoulos and was realised in 1999. Special Guards number 2,000 out of the 65,000-strong force. Special police in Indonesia, locally known as Kepolisian Khusus , refer to law enforcement agencies outside

1426-733: A unit of special police officers known as Facility Protection Officers who were created by the Tennessee General Assembly in T.C.A. 4-3-2019. These F.PO.s are managed by the Protective Services Division of the Tennessee Highway Patrol's Facility Protection Unit and provide police services to state facilities. F.P.O.s are granted the authority to make arrests for public offenses committed against state officials or employees or committed upon, about, or against property owned or leased by

1488-706: A wide latitude in the wear of their uniforms, some states have specific laws, codes, or regulations that require special police to be clearly identified as such. The San Francisco Patrol Special Police is a neighborhood police force authorized in the City Charter, with officers appointed and regulated by the Police Commission after an initial security review by the San Francisco Police Department . Hourly rates for service are principally paid by private clients, with some cost to

1550-703: Is not a term used in Canada, but specialized police agencies exist in Alberta , British Columbia , Nova Scotia , and Ontario . Canada also makes use of special constables , a similar concept to "special police". In Alberta, special police forces can be maintained by transit authorities and universities and are usually referred to as protective services. Protective services are staffed by unarmed community peace officers who have law enforcement powers but cannot enforce criminal legislation. In British Columbia, any provincially-approved entity or First Nation can establish

1612-625: Is often inaccurate or inadequate as the words naturally exclude forces outside England and Wales , but include some special police forces over which the Home Secretary has some power. The police forces referred to as "territorial" are those whose police areas are defined by: Members of territorial police forces have jurisdiction in one of the three distinct legal systems of the United Kingdom – either England and Wales , Scotland or Northern Ireland . A police officer of one of

1674-735: Is served by the Royal Newfoundland Constabulary . The RCMP is also contracted to act as the territorial police force in Nunavut , Yukon and the Northwest Territories in addition to being the federal police force in those Canadian territories. A separate Sahrawi indigenous unit serving the Spanish colonial government was the Policia Territorial . This gendarmerie corresponded to

1736-412: Is to mainly observe and report. Historically, Oregon had many more special police officers than the state does presently, beginning in the 19th century. While the roles they served have largely been replaced by more conventional law enforcement officers, some special police officers and the authorities for commissioning them remain. For instance, under Oregon law, mayors or similar officials who oversee

1798-537: The Civil Guard in metropolitan Spain . It was commanded by Spanish officers and included Spanish personnel of all ranks. In the United Kingdom (UK) the phrase is gaining increased official (but not yet statutory ) use to describe the collection of forces responsible for general policing in areas defined with respect to local government areas. The phrase " Home Office Police" is commonly used but this

1860-524: The Home Office , and have duties and responsibilities associated with particular legal or illegal activities rather than the geographical areas which are served by a single territorial police force . There are three such forces: The National Crime Agency (whose full powers are limited to England and Wales) is not a police force but an agency responsible "to the Home Secretary and, through

1922-620: The Indonesian National Police . These law enforcement agencies are under supervision and are trained by the National Police. They include the Agricultural and Animal Quarantine Police, Forestry Police , Municipal Police , Prison Police , Railroad Police and Special Police for Management of Marine, Coastal Region and Remote Islands. The Indonesian National Police also have their own special police unit,

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1984-736: The Massachusetts Department of Correction (MADOC) and parole officers of the Massachusetts Parole Board (MPB) are also authorized to be sworn as SSPOs upon recommendation by the MADOC commissioner or chairman of the Massachusetts Parole Board, respectively, given they meet SSPO training requirements. Like other SSPOs, they may only exercise their police powers while on-duty and pursuant to their specific duties. MADOC SSPOs are permitted to exercise their police powers in and around Massachusetts penal institutions, while transporting prisoners, and in order to prevent

2046-648: The Massachusetts Probation Service are, unlike parole officers, not sworn as SSPOs. Instead, Massachusetts General Law specifically empowers them as "regular" police officers whom may exercise such authority throughout the commonwealth, and are required to attend a Probation Service academy. Locally, some towns and cities may use the term "special police officer" to refer to reserve/part-time members of their police departments, such as in Wellesley and Lincoln, MA . If they are sworn ,

2108-758: The Massachusetts State Police (MSP) in New Braintree, Massachusetts , or any of the 20-week Recruit Officer Courses (the same academies attended by municipal LEOs across the commonwealth) approved by the Municipal Police Training Council (MPTC). Prospective SSPOs may have the training requirement waived by the Massachusetts State Police if they have completed an MPTC-approved Reserve/Intermittent Academy, have worked at least 2,000 hours as

2170-781: The Stlʼatlʼimx Tribal Police Service , which serves ten St'at'imc communities in the northern end of the Squamish-Lillooet Regional District . There is one special police force in Nova Scotia, the Halifax-Dartmouth Bridge Commission Bridge Patrol. The Patrol is composed of special constables with limited police authority to enforce traffic violations on or near Bridge Commission property. In Ontario, any organization can request

2232-716: The University of Massachusetts be accorded the powers and status of a "regular" police officer when duly appointed. Massachusetts law also provides the apparatus for appointment as "regular" police officers for campus police officers of other state universities and colleges as well as community colleges. This is covered under two statutes; MGL, Part I, Title XII, Chapter 73, Section 18 and MGL, Part I, Title II, Chapter 15A, Section 22. However, it has become nearly universal practice for such institutions' law enforcement agencies to obtain SSPO commissions for their officers, in addition to

2294-399: The 'Peterborough Standard' 10/10a Church Street Peterborough. Commemorating Booklet PDF Territorial police force The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP/GRC) is the federal-level police service. It also acts as the provincial police service in every province except for Ontario , and Quebec , which operate provincial police services, as well as Newfoundland and Labrador , which

2356-621: The District of Columbia, grant full police/peace officer authority to SPOs for use in whatever area they are employed to protect. They may make traffic stops in their jurisdiction if they have had accredited training. They are also permitted to conduct traffic control and investigations pertaining to the area protected by them. In some jurisdictions, SPOs may be granted only limited arrest authority in specific circumstances, while in still other jurisdictions, SPOs are granted no more authority than an otherwise private citizen could exercise in effecting

2418-731: The Home Secretary, to Parliament." The NCA has the power to direct police forces within England and Wales, and the British Transport Police, to provide officers or undertake specific activities. Within Scotland and Northern Ireland, however, the power to direct assistance is limited to reflect the devolved administration of policing. The NCA enabling legislation does not allow the Home Secretary to give "directed tasking arrangements" to Scottish or Northern Irish police forces. NCA officers can be 'triple warranted' – with powers of

2480-567: The MSP-sponsored SSPO Academy; The city of Boston is still permitted to issue special police officer licenses, but prospective officers must meet the aforementioned requirements. As of September 2021, only 6 licenses had been re-issued, all to Boston Housing Authority special police officers. Special police officers and SSPOs whom work for a "public agency", (i.e. any state or municipal agency, school, or hospital) and are authorized to carry firearms on-duty, qualify to carry

2542-603: The POLSUSPAS (Police Special Penitentiary). It is a Special Police Corps (Special Police) as well as ASN (Civil Servants) under the Ministry of Law and Human Rights. It is tasked with supervising, coaching, security and safety for convicts and detainees. Aside from the New Zealand Police , special powers are derived in legislation for customs officers , Fisheries Officers, and Fire Police . The Fire Police hold

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2604-688: The State and local governments to use SLEO's, most are used by the Kentucky State Police in the Facilities Security Branch. Within the Commonwealth of Massachusetts , "special police" usually refers to Special State Police Officers (SSPOs) whom are law enforcement officers typically employed by a college, university, or hospital police force. SSPOs must attend and graduate either the 16-week SSPO Academy hosted by

2666-584: The United Kingdom and when taking a person to or from a prison . The United Nations (UN) has operated territorial police forces in those parts of countries which have been under control of the UN from time to time. These were usually formed from police personnel on loan from member countries. A recent example is the use of such a force in East Timor in substitution for Indonesian National Police . Special police force Special police usually describes

2728-539: The United States Code (Title 10, Chapter 63, §6306). These officers patrol Smithsonian property in New York, Virginia, and the District of Columbia. Smithsonian Special Police Officers carry firearms, mace and handcuffs and have arrest authority on federal Smithsonian property. Tennessee code annotated 3-18-118 & T.C.A. 4-3-1106 defines the laws of the commissioning of special police officers/deputies in

2790-546: The authority to raise a special constabulary from the local police services board. With some exceptions, officers employed by special constabularies do not carry guns and cannot refer to themselves as police. In general, special constables in Ontario employed by special constabularies have full police powers — including the ability to enforce the Criminal Code — but only on, between, or in relation to property owned by

2852-448: The city for general program administration concerning standards of professional performance, but not concerning day-to-day operations. Thus, the nature of this special police force is both quasi-private and quasi-public. The force has been in operation in the United States, city of San Francisco for over 162 years. By current City Code the force provides patrols on the streets of San Francisco as well as at fixed locations, and also provides

2914-588: The city limits, with limited Police Power as New Orleans Police Special Officers. Louisiana R.S. 40:1379.1 (b) states the Special Officer, when performing those tasks requiring a Special Officer's commission, shall have the same powers and duties as a Peace Officer, however, that when not performing these tasks directly related to the special officer's commission, he shall be regarded as a private citizen and his commission shall not be in effect. Special Officers may make arrest for felony or misdemeanor offenses on

2976-635: The county boundaries. Top Row: Insp Charlie Balaam, Detective Sgt John Soams, Sgt Stan Lancaster, Sgt Ron Forth, Sgt John Walker, Sgt John Norman, Sgt Jim Arnold, Sgt 'Chips' Chapman, Sgt Gilbert Dobson. Bottom Row: Detective Insp Percy Vincent, Insp Roy Wool, Insp Harold Southgate, Insp Eric Hubble, Chief Constable Francis George Markin, Chief Insp Reg Beals, Insp Jack Mills, Insp Steve Maddocks, Detective Sgt Major Briggs, Sgt Peter Unsworth. Booklet Commemorating 100 years of service of THE PETERBOROUGH POLICE 1857–1957. And The OFFICIAL OPENING OF THE NEW POLICE HEADQUARTERS Bridge Street Peterborough. Printed by

3038-759: The firearm is owned by the SLEO in compliance with unit policy on personally owned firearms. All Class II and Class III SLEOs are fully trained and certified police officers in the State of New Jersey. Class I SLEOs go through different certifications, but still have police officer status. Class Two Officers in Newark carry weapons off duty. The Superintendent of the New Orleans Police Department in accordance with New Orleans Home Rule Charter section 4-502 (2) (a) (b) and New Orleans Municipal Code 17271 MCS 90–86, may deputize private Security Guards, within

3100-441: The full legal powers of a Police Constable when on official duty; Customs Officers, Fishery Officers, and Aviation Security Officers have limited powers (including the power to arrest or detain) in particular circumstances. In the United Kingdom, special police force has a special meaning in law and describes one of the forces defined as such in legislation including: These are managed by government departments other than

3162-515: The office of the mayor, while Marshals and their deputies derive their authority from the municipal council, and are generally permitted to perform a wider scope of duties such as issuing and executing warrants for arrest. Virginia possesses special police officers employed, typically, in the private police field. These officers are regulated by the Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services and are termed special conservators of

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3224-585: The organization that is responsible for the special constabulary. As of 2022, there is one special constabulary with armed employees, the Niagara Parks Police Service , which is responsible for providing police services to property owned or maintained by the Niagara Parks Commission . Special constabularies are also maintained by universities, transit systems, and public housing authorities. The Special Police were

3286-702: The peace (SCOP). These officers must meet specific training requirements and be sworn in by the district court judge or magistrate in the area where they request a commission. These officers, when so sworn and certified, are permitted to utilize the term "police" (this was removed by the state legislature in 2018 and they may no longer use the term) and are permitted to operate emergency vehicles equipped with red flashing/strobing lights (municipal law enforcement operates either blue or combinations of blue and red). This class of officers should not be confused with armed security officers who in Virginia possess arrest authority on

3348-406: The powers statutorily granted to them. This practice is only statutorily required of campus police officers employed by private institutions, as outlined by MGL, Part I, Title II, Chapter 22C, Section 63. This practice does not accord such officers any additional authority - nor does it serve to limit to it - and it is unclear why this practice has become commonplace. Officers and investigators of

3410-565: The property or area they are to protect, patrol, or in relation to their direct assignment. However, Special Officers still may make an arrest, as a private person, for a felony, whether in or out of his presence, under Louisiana Law CCRP Art.214 Arrest by private person; when lawful. In North Carolina , some private companies have their own special police forces. These include hospitals, hotels, race tracks, and shopping malls and are more properly referred to as " Company Police ". There are also companies that offer contract special police services for

3472-507: The property they are employed to protect. Armed security officers do not have fresh pursuit authority (off of their grounds/property) whereas SCOP officers do. Washington utilizes special police in both the public and private security sectors. Most work for private security companies although many security officers in the Washington, D.C., area also have special police status. Special police are required to be licensed and are appointed by

3534-534: The state of Tennessee. Tennessee requires all special police officers to hold an active armed security license and possess equivalent military or civilian law enforcement training. These officers traditionally work for private companies as company police or in hospitals or private universities and their jurisdiction is limited to the property to which they are employed. While on duty these officers have full arrest powers and are able to act in law enforcement capacity. The Department of Safety and Homeland Security maintains

3596-535: The state or on public roads or rights-of-way passing through such owned or leased property. The Texas Special Police were formed along with the Texas State Police during the administration of Texas Governor Edmund J. Davis on July 22, 1870, to combat crime statewide in Texas. There were thirty special policemen assigned as auxiliary officers throughout the state. On April 22, 1873, the law authorizing

3658-586: The state police was repealed by the newly elected Democratic-controlled state legislature. Texas state law authorizes mayors to appoint special police officers to enforce the municipality's laws, avert danger, or protect life or property; because of riot, outbreak, calamity, or public disturbance; or because of threat of serious violation of law or order, of outbreak, or of other danger to the municipality or its inhabitants. Municipal special police officers are distinct and separate from municipal Marshals and their deputies, as special police derive their authority from

3720-710: The state requires all special police officers to complete 372.5 hours of training, with an additional 56 hours for those carrying a firearm , the same as other part-time or reserve officers in Massachusetts. There are also a plethora of "special police officers" whom work in the city of Boston; these officers either work directly for the city (Boston School Police, Boston Municipal Protective Services , Boston Public Health Commission Police, Boston Housing Authority Police, or Boston Fire Department arson investigators) or for private security and armored car companies. The city of Boston required these agencies to attend

3782-557: The three legal systems has all the powers of a constable throughout their own legal system but limited powers in the other two legal systems. Certain exceptions where full police powers cross the border with the officer are when officers are providing planned support to another force such as the G8 Conference in Scotland in 2005 or COP26 officers of the Metropolitan Police who are on protection duties anywhere in

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3844-722: Was not a success however as the public ridiculed the policemen as Ice Cream men which ended the jackets and helmets after only a very few days. On 31 March 1965, five police forces in the Cambridge area—Peterborough Combined Police, Cambridge City Police , Cambridgeshire Constabulary , Huntingdonshire Constabulary and Isle of Ely Constabulary —were united to form the Mid-Anglia Constabulary, headquartered in Brampton . The name changed on 31 March 1974 to form today's Cambridgeshire Constabulary following alterations to

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