Misplaced Pages

#619380

65-404: It is one of the tourist locations close to Tirana that attracts a great number of visitors. In the castle, the prominent wooden structure is a restaurant, perched on a rocky hill, above the village with the same name. It has a triangular shape with two observation towers. Although it was first built in ancient times, the present building dates from the 15th century. The Petrela Castle was part of

130-585: A bazaar and included several watermills , even before 1614, when Sulejman Bargjini , a local ruler, built the Old Mosque , a small commercial centre, and a hammam (Turkish bath). This is confirmed by oral sources, which state that there were two earlier mosques 300–400 m from the Old Mosque, towards today's Ali Demi Street . The Mosque of Reç and the Mosque of Mujo were positioned on the left side of

195-454: A castle in Albania is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Tirana Tirana ( / t ɪ ˈ r ɑː n ə / tih- RAH -nə , Albanian pronunciation: [tiˈɾana] ; Gheg Albanian : Tirona ) is the capital and largest city of Albania . It is located in the centre of the country, enclosed by mountains and hills, with Dajti rising to

260-621: A narrow asphalt mountain road onto an area known as Fusha e Dajtit. From this small area there is a view of Tirana and its plain. Tiranë river flows through the city, as does the Lanë river. Tirana is home to several artificial lakes, including Tirana , Farka, Tufina, and Kashar. The present municipality was formed in the 2015 local government reform by the merger of the former municipalities of Baldushk, Bërzhitë, Dajt, Farkë, Kashar, Krrabë, Ndroq, Petrelë, Pezë, Shëngjergj, Tirana, Vaqarr, Zall-Bastar and Zall-Herr, which became municipal units. The seat of

325-527: A number of events. Personalities visited the capital, such as former U.S. Secretary of State James Baker and Pope John Paul II . The former visit came amidst the historical setting after the fall of communism, as hundreds of thousands were chanting in Skanderbeg Square Baker's famous saying of "Freedom works!". Pope John Paul II became the first major religious leader to visit Tirana, though Mother Teresa had visited few years prior. During

390-680: A pressing concern as the number of cars has increased. These are mostly 1990s and early 2000s diesel cars, while it is widely believed that the fuel used in Albania contains larger amounts of sulfur and lead than in the European Union . Effective 1 January 2019, the government has imposed an import ban of used vehicles made prior to 2005 in an effort to curb pollution, encourage the buying of new cars from certified domestic dealerships, and to improve overall road safety. Another source of pollution are PM10 and PM2.5 inhaled particulate matter and NO 2 gases resulting from rapid growth in

455-501: A vertical range of 45 m (148 ft). Despite its small size it is regarded as one of the country's most beautiful caves and attracts numerous visitors. The cave is situated within the boundaries of Dajti National Park and has been recognised as a natural monument of national and international importance by the Ministry of Environment . The importance of the complex is due to the remains of ancient human culture which belongs to

520-602: A vital component of the economy. Tirana has been officially dubbed as 'The Place Beyond Belief' by local authorities. The increasing number of international arrivals at the Tirana International Airport and Port of Durrës from across Europe, Australia and Asia has rapidly grown the number of foreign visitors in the city. The largest hotels of the city are the Tirana International Hotel , Maritim Plaza Tirana both situated in

585-597: Is a karst cave in central Albania , located in the Skorana Gorge close to the village of Pëllumbas in Tirana County . It lies about 500 m (1,600 ft) above the Adriatic , on the slopes of Dajti , a mountain chain that rises to an elevation of 1,613 m (5,292 ft). The cave has a length of 360 m (1,180 ft) with a width which can vary between 10–15 m (33–49 ft) and

650-452: Is projected to be a multifunctional terminal for rail, tram and bus transportation. City officials have also talked about a light rail extension all the way to the location of the former rail station. The new rail line from Tirana through Nënë Tereza International Airport to Durrës has started construction. In 2012, the Tirana municipality published a report according to which a project on

715-521: Is simultaneously the premier air gateway to the country. The airport was officially named in honour of the Albanian Roman Catholic nun and missionary, Mother Teresa. It connects Tirana with many destinations in different countries across Europe, Africa, and Asia. The airport carried more than 3.3 million passengers in 2019 and is also the principal hub for the country's flag carrier , Air Albania . The city's geographical location in

SECTION 10

#1732776373620

780-654: The Albanian language started to be taught in Tirana's schools, and the patriotic club Bashkimi was founded in 1908. On 28 November 1912, the national flag was raised in Vlorë by President Ismail Qemali , marking the symbolic birth of Albania as a sovereign country. The next years, however, were marked by turmoil. During the Balkan Wars , Tirana was temporarily occupied by the Serbian army and it took part in uprising of

845-465: The Autostrada 1 (A1). During the communist regime in Albania , a plan for the construction of a ring road around Tirana arose in 1989s with no implementation until the 2010s. It is of major importance, especially concerning the demographic growth of the metropolitan region of Tirana as well as the importance of the economy. Although, constructions for the nowadays completed southern section of

910-575: The Central Region of Albania and consists of the rural administrative units of Baldushk , Bërzhitë , Dajt , Farkë , Kashar , Krrabë , Ndroq , Petrelë , Pezë , Shëngjergj , Vaqarr , Zall-Bastar , Zall-Herr and Tirana. The administrative unit of Tirana is further partitioned into eleven urban administrative units, namely Tirana 1 , Tirana 2 , Tirana 3 , Tirana 4 , Tirana 5 , Tirana 6 , Tirana 7 , Tirana 8 , Tirana 9 , Tirana 10 and Tirana 11 . The Mayor of Tirana along with

975-573: The Communist Party of Albania , and Enver Hoxha soon emerged as its leader. The town soon became the centre of the Albanian communists, who mobilised locals against Italian fascists and later Nazi Germans, while spreading ideological propaganda. On 4 February 1944, the Gestapo , supported by the forces of Xhafer Deva , executed 86 anti-fascists in Tirana. On 17 November 1944, the town

1040-778: The EU-Western Balkans summit , marking the inaugural summit to be held outside the European Union's borders. On 21 September 2024, it was reported that Prime Minister of Albania Edi Rama was planning to create the Sovereign State of the Bektashi Order , a sovereign microstate for the Order within Tirana. Tirana extends at the Plain of Tirana in the centre of Albania between the mount of Dajti in

1105-586: The Lana River and were older than the Old Mosque. Later, the Et'hem Bey Mosque , built by Molla Bey of Petrela , was constructed. It employed the best artisans in the country and was completed in 1821 by Molla's son Etëhem , who was also Sulejman Bargjini's great-nephew. In 1800, the first newcomers arrived in the settlement , the so-called ortodoksit . They were Aromanians from villages near Korçë and Pogradec , who settled around modern day Tirana Park on

1170-563: The Mussolini period in Italy. Brasini laid the basis for the modern-day arrangement of the ministerial buildings in the city centre. The plan underwent revisions by Albanian architect Eshref Frashëri, Italian architect Castellani and Austrian architects Weiss and Kohler. The modern Albanian parliament building served as an officers' club. It was there that, in September 1928, Zog of Albania

1235-732: The Presidenca and Kryeministria , respectively, nevertheless the Parliament of Albania is headquartered at the Dëshmorët e Kombit Boulevard . Tirana is also the home to the national Constitutional Court and Supreme Court . Important national institutions housed in Tirana include the Appeal Court and Administrative Court . The Bank of Albania is located at the Skanderbeg Square while other institutions such as

1300-544: The tertiary sector is the most important for the economy of Tirana and employs more than 68% of work force of Tirana. 26% of the working population makes up the secondary sector followed by the primary sector with only 5%. The city began to develop at the beginning of the 16th century as it was part of the Ottoman Empire, when a bazaar was established, and its craftsmen manufactured silk and cotton fabrics, leather, ceramics and iron, silver and gold artefacts. In

1365-583: The 18th century. Tirana is mentioned in Venetian documents in the 1350s as well as in 1418: "...the resident Pjeter, son of late Domenik from the village of Tirana..." . Records of the first land registrations under the Ottomans in 1431–32 show that Tirana consisted of 60 inhabited areas, with nearly 2,028 houses and 7,300 inhabitants. In 1510, Marin Barleti , an Albanian Catholic priest and scholar, in

SECTION 20

#1732776373620

1430-462: The 20th century, the city and its surrounding areas expanded rapidly and became the most heavily industrialised region of the country. The most significant contribution is made by the tertiary sector which has developed considerably since the fall of communism in Albania. Forming the financial centre of the country, the financial industry is a major component of the city's tertiary sector and remains in good conditions overall due to privatization and

1495-647: The Artificial Lake . They started to be known as the llacifac and were the first Christians to arrive after the creation of the town. In 1807, Tirana became the centre of the Subprefecture of Krujë-Tirana. After 1816, Tirana languished under the control of the Toptani family of Krujë . Later, Tirana became a sub-prefecture of the newly created Vilayet of Shkodër and the Sanjak of Durrës. In 1889,

1560-586: The Balkans turmoil in the mid-1990s, the city experienced dramatic events such as the unfolding of the 1997 unrest in Albania and a failed coup d'état on 14 September 1998. In 1999, following the Kosovo War , Tirana Airport became a NATO airbase, serving its mission in the former Yugoslavia. During his term from 2000 to 2011, the former mayor of Tirana , Edi Rama , undertook a campaign to demolish illegal constructed buildings across Tirana as well as along

1625-763: The Cabinet of Tirana exercises executive power. The Assembly of Tirana functions as the city parliament and consists of 55 members, serving four-year terms. It primarily deals with budget, global orientations and relations between the city and the Government of Albania . It has 14 committees and its chairman is Aldrin Dalipi from the Socialist Party. Each of the members have a specific portfolio such as economy, finance, juridical, education, health care, and several professional services, agencies and institutes. In 2000,

1690-453: The Region. Tirana is twinned with Ankara , Beijing , Bursa , Doha , Florence , Kharkiv , Sarajevo and has signed partnership agreements with Verona and Zagreb . It has also signed special bilateral agreements with Zaragoza . Tirana is the heart of the economy of Albania and the most industrialised and economically fastest growing region in Albania. Of the main sectors ,

1755-486: The area into their empire under the political control of the city of Rome. The oldest surviving discovery from this period is a Roman house dating to the 3rd century, which was transformed into an aisleless church with a mosaic floor. A castle , possibly known as Tirkan , was built by the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I between the 4th and 6th century and later restored by Ahmed Pasha Toptani in

1820-417: The biography of the Albanian national hero Skanderbeg , Historia de vita et gestis Scanderbegi Epirotarum principis ( The story of life and deeds of Skanderbeg, the prince of Epirotes ), referred to this area as a small village, distinguishing between "Little Tirana" and "Great Tirana". It is later mentioned in 1572 as Borgo di Tirana . According to Hahn , the settlement had already started to develop as

1885-415: The centre of Albania has long established the city as an integral terminus for the national road transportation , thus connecting the city to all parts of Albania and the neighbouring countries. The Rruga Shtetërore 1 (SH1) connects Tirana with Shkodër and Montenegro in the north, and constitutes an essential section of the proposed Adriatic–Ionian motorway . The Rruga Shtetërore 2 (SH2) continues in

1950-531: The centre of Tirana from the central campus of University of Tirana in the Mother Teresa Square up to the Skanderbeg Square, was declared the place of Cultural Assembly, and given state protection. The historical core of the capital lies around pedestrian only Murat Toptani Street, while the most prominent city district is Blloku . In 2010, the municipality undertook the installing of street name signs and entrance numbers while every apartment entrance

2015-538: The centre of the country and its modern air , maritime , rail and road transportation . As the seat of power of the Government of Albania , it hosts the official residences of the President and Prime Minister of Albania and the Parliament of Albania . The city was announced as the European Youth Capital for 2022. The area of Tirana has been inhabited by humans since prehistoric times with

Petrelë Castle - Misplaced Pages Continue

2080-755: The city is ranked among the wettest cities in Europe . Temperatures vary throughout the year from an average of 6.7 °C (44.1 °F) in January to 24 °C (75 °F) in July. Springs and summers are very warm to hot often reaching over 20 °C (68 °F) from May to September. During autumn and winter , from November to March, the average temperature drops and is not lower than 6.7 °C (44.1 °F). The city receives approximately 2500 hours of sun. In September 2015, Tirana organized its first vehicle-free day, joining forces with numerous cities across

2145-518: The city's population from 1920 onward and for some years thereafter. On 8 February 1920, the Congress of Lushnjë proclaimed Tirana as the temporary capital of Albania, which had gained independence in 1912. The city acquired that status permanently on 31 December 1925. In 1923, the first regulatory city plan was compiled by Austrian architects. The centre of Tirana was the project of Florestano Di Fausto and Armando Brasini , well-known architects of

2210-618: The commendable monetary policy . All of the most important financial institutions, such as the Bank of Albania and the Albanian Stock Exchange are centred in Tirana as well as most of the banking companies such as the Banka Kombëtare Tregtare , Raiffeisen Bank , Credins Bank , Intesa Sanpaolo Bank and Tirana Bank . The telecommunication industry represents another major and growing contributor to

2275-479: The construction of new buildings and expanding road infrastructure. Untreated solid waste is present in the city and outskirts. Additionally, there have been complaints of excessive noise pollution. Despite the problems, the Grand Park at the Artificial Lake has some effect on absorbing CO 2 emissions, while over 2.000 trees have been planted around sidewalks. Works for four new large parks have started in

2340-524: The construction of two tram lines was under evaluation. The tram lines would have a total length of 16.7 kilometres (10.4 miles). The plan was never implemented. Under the plan, the two tram lines would have intersected in Skanderbeg Square. The public transport in Tirana is, for now, focused only in the city centre, so that the people living in the suburbs have fewer or no public transport connections. Cave of P%C3%ABllumbas The Cave of Pëllumbas ( Albanian : Shpella e Pëllumbasit or Shpella e Zezë )

2405-600: The control of the eastern Byzantine Empire , as evident by the Petrelë Castle built during the reign of Justinian I . The city was fairly unimportant until the 20th century, when the Congress of Lushnjë proclaimed it as Albania's capital after the Albanian Declaration of Independence in 1912. Classified as a gamma-world-city , Tirana is the most important economic, financial, political, and trade centre in Albania due to its significant location in

2470-810: The earliest recognised reference found at the Cave of Pëllumbas belonging to the Palaeolithic period. Illyrians were the first population of the area and formed most likely the core of the Illyrian kingdom of the Taulantii , which in classical antiquity was centered in the hinterland of Epidamnus . When the Romans arrived in Illyria after their victory of the Illyrian Wars , they populated and integrated

2535-570: The east and a slight valley to the northwest overlooking the Adriatic Sea in the distance. It is among the wettest and sunniest cities in Europe, with 2,544 hours of sun per year. Tirana was founded in 1614 by Ottoman Albanian general Sylejman Pasha Bargjini , centered on the Old Mosque and türbe . The site of present-day Tirana has been continuously inhabited since the Iron Age and

2600-565: The east, the hills of Kërrabe, Sauk and Vaqarr in the south, and a valley to the north overlooking the Adriatic Sea . The average altitude is about 110 meters (360 ft) above sea level , with a maximum of 1,828 metres (5,997 feet) at Maja Mincekut of Mali me Gropa in Shenmeri. The city is surrounded by two important protected areas : the Dajti National Park and Mali me Gropa-Bizë-Martanesh Protected Landscape . In winter,

2665-402: The end of Albania's long anti-religious atheist stance. She paid respects to her mother and sister resting at a local cemetery. Starting at the campus and ending at Skanderbeg Square with the toppling of Enver Hoxha's statue, the city saw significant demonstrations by University of Tirana students demanding political freedoms in the early 1990s. On the political aspect, the city witnessed

Petrelë Castle - Misplaced Pages Continue

2730-493: The globe to fight against the existing problem of urban air pollution. This initiative resulted in a considerable drop in both air and noise pollution, encouraging the Municipality to organise a vehicle-free day every month. The city suffers from problems related to overpopulation , such as waste management , high levels of air pollution and significant noise pollution . Over the last decades, air pollution has become

2795-400: The governmental buildings in Tirana protesting against political corruption and state capture, particularly associated with the former prime minister Sali Berisha 's government. In September 2014, Pope Francis made an official state visit to Tirana simultaneously becoming the second pontiff to visit Albania, after Pope John Paul II in 1992. Following the municipal elections of 2015, power

2860-536: The ground in order to build the Soviet-styled Palace of Culture. The northern portion of the main boulevard was renamed Stalin Boulevard and his statue was erected in the city square. Because private car ownership was banned, mass transportation consisted mainly of bicycles, trucks and buses. After Hoxha's death, a pyramidal museum was constructed in his memory by the government. Before and after

2925-612: The heart of the city near Skanderbeg Square, and the Hyatt-owned luxury Mak Hotel Tirana located next to the Air Albania Stadium , where Mariott Tirana Hotel is also planned to open. Other major hotels present in central Tirana include the Rogner Hotel, Hilton Garden Inn Tirana, Xheko Imperial Hotel, Best Western Premier Ark Hotel, and Mondial Hotel. Tirana is served by Nënë Tereza International Airport , which

2990-472: The major problems such as shortages of drinking water and electricity. In June 2007, George W. Bush traveled to Tirana on an official state visit, becoming the first U.S. President to visit the former communist country. In 2008, the Gërdec explosions were felt in the capital as windows were shattered and citizens shaken. In January 2011, the Albanian opposition demonstrations were triggered in front of

3055-459: The ministries of Culture , Defence , Education , Finance , Foreign Affairs , Health , Infrastructure , Internal Affairs , Justice and Tourism are spread over Tirana. The city is also the home to all the consulates and embassies in Albania, thereby making it an important centre for international diplomacy in the country. Tirana is a founding member of the Union of Albanian Municipalities in

3120-433: The mountains are often covered with snow and are a popular retreat for the population of Tirana, which rarely receives snowfalls. In terms of biodiversity , the forests are mainly composed of pine , oak and beech , while its interior relief is dotted with canyons , waterfalls, caves, lakes and other landforms. Thanks to its natural heritage, it is considered the "Natural Balcony of Tirana". The mountain can be reached by

3185-655: The municipality is the city of Tirana. Tirana has a humid subtropical climate ( Cfa ) according to the Köppen climate classification and receives enough precipitation during summer to avoid the Mediterranean climate ( Csa ) classification. The average precipitation in Tirana is about 1,266 millimetres (49.8 inches) per year. The city receives the majority of precipitation in winter months, which occurs from November to March, and less in summer months, from June to September. In terms of precipitation, both rain and snow,

3250-523: The ones started by Veliaj's predecessor. In their first few council meetings, 242 social houses got allocated to families in need. Construction permits were suspended until the capital's development plan is revised and synthesized. Between December 2018 and February 2019, a series of demonstrations erupted in the central areas of Tirana and other cities of the country in response to a controversial law on higher education, poor quality of teaching, high tuition rates and corruption. In September 2019, Tirana

3315-401: The proclamation of Albania's policy of self-imposed isolationism , a number of high-profile figures paid visits to the city, such as Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev , Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai and East German Foreign Minister Oskar Fischer . In 1985, Enver Hoxha's funeral was held in Tirana. A few years later, Mother Teresa became the first religious figure to visit the country after

SECTION 50

#1732776373620

3380-682: The ring road started in 2011, however, the northern and eastern sections are still in the planning process. Rail lines of Hekurudha Shqiptare (HSH) connected Tirana with all of the major cities of Albania, including Durrës, Shkodër and Vlorë. In 2013, the Tirana Railway Station was closed and moved to Kashar by the city government in order to create space for the New Boulevard ( Albanian : Bulevardi i Ri ) project. The new Tirana Station will be constructed in Laprakë , which

3445-609: The river banks of Lanë to bring the area to its pre-1990 state. In an attempt to widen roads, Rama authorized the bulldozing of private properties so that they could be paved over, thus widening streets. Most main roads underwent reconstruction, including the Unaza, Rruga e Kavajës and the main boulevard. Rama also led the initiative to paint the façades of Tirana's buildings in bright colours, although much of their interiors continued to degrade. Rama's critics claimed that he focused too much attention on cosmetic changes without fixing any of

3510-402: The sector. A rapid development occurred as well as after the end of communism and decades of isolationism mainly due to the new national policy of reform and opening up sped up the industry's development. Vodafone , Telekom Albania and Eagle are the leading telecommunication providers in Tirana, as in all the country. The tourism industry of the city has expanded in recent years to become

3575-596: The signaling and defense system of Krujë Castle . The castles signaled to each other by means of fires. During Skanderbeg ’s fight against the Ottomans , the Petrela Castle used to be under the command of Mamica Kastrioti , Skanderbeg's sister. Today there is a restaurant inside the castle. The castle site has views of the Erzen valley , the hills, olive groves, and surrounding mountains. This article about

3640-579: The summer of 2015 located in Kashar, Farkë , Vaqarr, and Dajt . These parks are part of the new urban plan striving to increase the concentration of green spaces in the capital. The government has included designated green areas around Tirana as part of the Tirana Greenbelt where construction is not permitted or limited. The municipality of Tirana is encompassed in the County of Tirana within

3705-452: The villages led by Haxhi Qamili . In August 1916, the first city map was compiled by the specialists of the Austro-Hungarian army. Following the capture of the town of Debar by Serbia , many of its Albanian inhabitants fled to Turkey , the rest went to Tirana. Of those that ended up in Istanbul , some of their number migrated to Albania, mainly to Tirana where the Dibran community (people from Dibër County ) formed an important segment of

3770-445: The west and provides direct connection to Durrës on the Adriatic Sea. The Rruga Shtetërore 3 (SH3) is being transformed to the Autostrada 3 (A3) and follows the ancient Via Egnatia . It significantly constitutes a major section of the Pan-European Corridor VIII and links the city with Elbasan , Korçë and Greece in the south. Tirana is further connected, through the Milot interchange in the northwest, with Kosovo following as part of

3835-430: Was asked to elaborate on previous plans and introduce a new project in the area of present-day Mother Teresa Square . A failed assassination attempt was made on Victor Emmanuel III of Italy by a local resistance activist during a visit to Tirana. In November 1941, two emissaries of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPJ), Miladin Popović and Dušan Mugoša, called a meeting of three Albanian communist groups and founded

3900-436: Was crowned King Zog I, King of the Albanians. Tirana was the venue for the signing of the Pact of Tirana between Fascist Italy and Albania. During the rule of King Zog, many Muhaxhirs emigrated towards Tirana, which led to a growing population in the capital city in the early 20th century. In 1939, Tirana was captured by Fascist forces, who appointed a puppet government . In the meantime, Italian architect Gherardo Bosio

3965-400: Was liberated after a fierce battle between the Communists and German forces . The Nazis eventually withdrew and the communists seized power. From 1944 to 1991, massive socialist-style apartment complexes and factories were built, while Skanderbeg Square was redesigned, with a number of buildings demolished. For instance, Tirana's former Old Bazaar and the Orthodox Cathedral were razed to

SECTION 60

#1732776373620

4030-416: Was likely the core of the Illyrian Kingdom of the Taulantii , which in Classical Antiquity was centred in the hinterland of Epidamnus . Following the Illyrian Wars , it was annexed by Rome and became an integral part of the Roman Empire ; the heritage of that period is reflected by the Mosaics of Tirana . With the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the fourth century, most of Albania came under

4095-468: Was physically stamped. Tirana is the capital city of the Republic of Albania thus playing an essential role in shaping the political and economic life of the country. It is the home to government functions and institutions for which the government of Albania is responsible, as for instance the executive , juridical and legislative branches of Albania. The President and Prime Minister of Albania officially reside and work in Tirana specifically at

4160-434: Was ravaged by a 5.6 magnitude earthquake with an epicenter located near Durrës. Two months after, in November 2019, another strong earthquake with the magnitude of 6.4 hit the region again resulting comparatively few damages in Tirana. The same month, Tirana was announced as the European Youth Capital for 2022 with a planned program including events of cultural and social importance. In December 2022, Tirana hosted

4225-465: Was transferred from the Democratic Party representative Lulzim Basha to the Socialist Party candidate Erion Veliaj . Albania then underwent a territorial reform, in which defunct communes were merged with municipalities. Thirteen of Tirana's former communes were integrated as administrative units joining the existing eleven. Since then, Tirana is undergoing significant changes in infrastructure, law enforcement and new projects, as well as continuing

#619380