The Peace Implementation Council ( PIC ) is an international body charged with implementing the Dayton Peace Agreement for Bosnia and Herzegovina . The Council was established at an implementation conference held in London , United Kingdom , on December 8 and 9, 1995, subsequent to the completion of the negotiations of the accord the preceding month. The Council is, in effect, the realisation, through the High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina , which it appoints, of the international community's governance of Bosnia and Herzegovina after signature of the Dayton Agreement. The international control over Bosnia and Herzegovina is to last until the country is deemed politically and democratically stable and self-sustainable.
20-555: The PIC comprises 55 countries and agencies that support the peace process in many different ways by assisting it financially, providing troops for EUFOR Althea , or directly running operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina. There is also a fluctuating number of observers. Since the London conference, the PIC has come together at the ministerial level another six times to review progress and define
40-514: The Brčko District of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Serbo-Croatian : Brčko Distrikt Bosne i Hercegovine / Брчко Дистрикт Босне и Херцеговине ), is a self-governing administrative unit in north-eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina . Officially a condominium of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska , it was formed in 1999 to reflect the multi-ethnic nature of Brčko and
60-552: The Dayton Peace Accords , however, the process could only arbitrate the disputed portion of the Inter-Entity Boundary Line (IEBL). The Brčko District was formed of the entire territory of the former Brčko municipality, of which 48% (including Brčko city) was in the newly formed Republika Srpska , while 52% was in the old Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina . Brčko was the only element in
80-614: The European Union Force Bosnia and Herzegovina ( EUFOR ), is a military deployment in Bosnia and Herzegovina to oversee the military implementation of the Dayton Agreement . It is the successor to NATO 's SFOR and IFOR . The transition from SFOR to EUFOR was largely a change of name and commanders: 80% of the troops remained in place. It replaced SFOR on 2 December 2004. Civilian implementation of
100-777: The European Union Police Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina (EUPM) and with the Bosnian Police . The European Union Special Representative in Bosnia and Herzegovina provides political guidance on military issues with a local political dimension to the EUFOR. As of February 2023 , the total force of EUFOR is approximately 1,000 troops from 22 countries, including EU member states and non-EU "Troop Contributing Countries" (TCC) are present within EUFOR (Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Chile, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy,
120-487: The Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe . Issue with the legality of this body was raised multiple times by Serb representatives in Bosnia and Herzegovina. This issue took centre stage in Bosnia and Herzegovina politics once again when Christian Schmidt was appointed to the role of UN High Representative without a corresponding UN Security Council resolution. EUFOR Althea Operation Althea , formally
140-486: The World Bank . Australia , Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina , European Investment Bank , Estonia , Holy See , Human Rights Ombudsperson in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Iceland , International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies , International Mediator for Bosnia and Herzegovina , International Organization for Migration , Latvia , Lithuania , New Zealand , Liechtenstein , South Africa and
160-1469: The Council of the European Union , European Commission , and Organisation of the Islamic Conference , represented by Turkey . The Steering Board provides the High Representative with political guidance. In Sarajevo , the High Representative chairs bi-weekly meetings of the Ambassadors to BiH of the Steering Board members. In addition, the Steering Board meets at the level of political directors every six months. Albania , Austria , Belgium , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Bulgaria , Canada , China (resigned in May 2000), Croatia , Czech Republic , Denmark , Egypt , Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (succeeded by Serbia ), Finland , France , Germany , Greece , Hungary , Ireland , Italy , Japan , Jordan , Luxembourg , North Macedonia , Malaysia , Morocco , Netherlands , Norway , Oman , Pakistan , Poland , Romania , Russian Federation , Saudi Arabia , Slovakia , Slovenia , Spain , Sweden , Switzerland , Turkey , Ukraine , United Kingdom and United States of America ; Office of
180-813: The Dayton Agreement is enforced by the Office of the High Representative . EUFOR's commander is Major General László Sticz of Hungary . For this mission, the European Union Military Staff is using NATO's Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) as the EU's Operational Headquarters (OHQ) and is working through the Deputy to the Supreme Allied Commander Europe, a European officer. EUFOR assumed all
200-459: The Dayton Agreement. For example, the 1997 Bonn session provided the Office of the High Representative with the so-called "Bonn authority" to dismiss elected and non-elected officials who obstruct the implementation of the Dayton Agreement. The High Representative from 2006–2007, Christian Schwarz-Schilling , used that power sparingly to promote confidence in elected domestic government. That strategy
220-727: The Dayton Peace Agreement that was not finalized at the time. The arbitration agreement was later finalized in March 1999, resulting in a "district" that was to be administrated by an American Brčko International Supervisor . Since 2006, Principal Deputy High Representative has taken over the Brcko supervisor role. In the 1990s, the Arizona Market was created at the intersection of the IFOR north-south "Arizona" road and
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#1732775794744240-828: The District, as well as the Entity Border Line. The ruling made the Laws of the District and the Laws of the State of Bosnia and Herzegovina (including the laws of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina ) paramount within the District. Following a Peace Implementation Council (PIC) meeting on 23 May 2012, it was decided to suspend, not terminate, the mandate of the Brčko International Supervisor. The Brčko Arbitral Tribunal, together with
260-839: The High Representative , Brčko Arbitration Panel (dissolved in 1999 after the Final Award was issued ), Council of Europe , European Bank for Reconstruction and Development , European Commission , International Committee of the Red Cross , International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia , International Monetary Fund , North Atlantic Treaty Organization , Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe , United Nations , UN High Commissioner for Human Rights , UN High Commissioner for Refugees , UN Transitional Administration of Eastern Slavonia (disbanded in January 1998), and
280-564: The Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, North Macedonia, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, and Turkey). On 18 December 2020, the United Kingdom marked the end of its 16-year contribution to EUFOR, following Brexit. As of early 2021, EUFOR personnel bases include: List of countries EUFOR Althea: Br%C4%8Dko District Brčko District ( Serbo-Croatian : Brčko Distrikt / Брчко Дистрикт ), officially
300-564: The east–west Posavina Corridor roads, bordering today's district, and became a commercial success. The first Brčko International Supervisor arrived in April 1997. Up to that time, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) had a modest office headed by Randolph Hampton. During the interim time before the District of Brčko could be represented post-arbitration agreement, local elections were held, and humanitarian relief
320-812: The goals of peace implementation for the coming period: in June 1996 in Florence , Italy ; in December 1996 for a second time in London; in December 1997 in Bonn , Germany ; in December 1998 in Madrid , Spain , in May 2000 and February 2007 in Brussels , Belgium . The PIC clarifies the responsibilities of the High Representative as the main implementing body of the civilian part of the Dayton Agreement, as set out in Annex 10
340-411: The missions of SFOR, except for the hunt for individuals indicted by the war crimes tribunal, notably Radovan Karadžić , former leader of Republika Srpska , and Ratko Mladić , their former military leader, which remained a mission for NATO through NATO Headquarters Sarajevo. EUFOR does have police duties against organised crime, which is believed to be linked to suspected war criminals. It worked with
360-484: The surrounding areas and their special status within the newly independent Bosnia and Herzegovina. In reality, it functions as a local self-government area , much like the other municipalities in the country . The seat of the district is the city of Brčko . The Brčko District was established after an arbitration process undertaken by the High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina . According to
380-824: Was provided with cooperation from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and ECHO . The District became known as a center for different state-building programs run by foreign governments, particularly the United States. In 2006, under the Supervisory Order, all "Entity legislation in Brčko District and the IEBL" was abolished. The ruling made by the Brčko Supervisor Susan Johnson abolished all Entity Laws in
400-504: Was reversed by the new appointee to that post, Miroslav Lajčák , who imposed several decisions on his first day at work. The London peace implementation conference established the Steering Board of the PIC to work under the chairmanship of the High Representative as the executive arm of the PIC. The Steering Board members are Canada , France , Germany , Italy , Japan , Russia , United Kingdom, United States , Presidency of
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