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70-488: Heineken N.V. is a Dutch brewer which owns a worldwide portfolio of over 170 beer brands , mainly pale lager , though some other beer styles are produced. The two largest brands are Heineken and Tecate ; though the portfolio includes Amstel , Fosters (in Europe and Vietnam), Sagres , Cruzcampo , Skopsko , Affligem , Żywiec , Starobrno , Zagorka , Zlatý Bažant , Laško and Birra Moretti . Heineken Lager Beer

140-491: A low alcohol (0.5% abv) pale lager. It was launched in the summer of 1988. There was a recall in 2004 due to a fault in the pasteurising process, and Buckler is no longer available in the Netherlands (Heineken's home market) after the brand's image declined following Dutch comedian Youp van 't Hek mocking the brand (and its consumers) in a show in 1989. Buckler was the beverage of choice for US President Joe Biden at

210-670: A red ale . It has been part of Heineken since 2009. Botchkarev ( Russian: Бочкарев) is a Russian brewery that started as a soft drinks company called Bravo, opening a brewery in St Petersburg in 1988. In 1993 a group of Icelandic businessmen founded a bottling plant in Saint Petersburg , which was later sold to Pepsi . Since 1995 the company named "Bravo International" launched production of alcoholic long drinks and lemonades under "Bravo" brand at its new site. In 1998 "Bravo International" started construction of

280-761: A saison . Among the better French known " bières de garde " are Brasserie de Saint-Sylvestre , Trois Monts, Brasseurs Duyck, Jenlain and Brasserie La Choulette, ambrée. Blonde ales are very pale in colour. The term "blonde" for pale beers is common in Europe and South America – particularly in France, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, the UK, and Brazil – though the beers may not have much in common, other than colour. Blondes tend to be clear, crisp, and dry, with low-to-medium bitterness and aroma from hops, and some sweetness from malt. Fruitiness from esters may be perceived. A lighter body from higher carbonation may be noticed. In

350-455: A 4.3% Irish stout , and Murphy's Irish Red , a 5% Irish ale . Pelforth is a French brewery founded in 1914 in Mons-en-Barœul by three Lillois brewers. It was originally called Pelican, after a dance popular at the time. Production was stopped during World War II, restarting in 1950. The brewery name was changed in 1972 to Pelforth. It was bought by Français de Brasserie in 1986, which

420-529: A 5.2% abv pale lager called Spaten Münchner Hell . The earliest known brewing of pale lager in the United States was in the Old City section of Philadelphia in 1840, by John Wagner, using yeast from his native Bavaria. Modern American lagers are still widely made, in a market dominated by large breweries such as Anheuser-Busch and Molson-Coors (formerly MillerCoors ). Lightness of body

490-603: A 6.8% belgian ale . Amstel , Heineken , Athenian, Alfa Hellenic, Fischer, Marathon, Zorbas Athenian Brewery S.A. is one of the most important beer producers and traders in Greece. It was established in 1963 by a group of Greek entrepreneurs and is a member of Heineken Group N. V. In 1965, the first plant started its operation in Athens , producing Amstel beer. The second plant was inaugurated in 1974 in Thessaloniki, expanding

560-666: A British or European pale ale. The style is close to the American India pale ale (IPA), and boundaries blur, though IPAs are stronger and more assertively hopped. The style is also close to amber ale , though these are darker and maltier due to the use of crystal malts. Australian pale ale is pale ale that is produced in Australia and developed in Australia around 1990s. Australian pale ales are generally around 6% abv with significant quantities of Australian hops, typically Galaxy . Bière de garde , or "keeping beer",

630-615: A break in the G8 summit. Heineken's Italian operation began in 1974 with the acquisition of the Dreher brewery. In 1996 it added the Moretti brewery. Heineken Italy has six brewing plants producing over 575 million litres of beer, and employs over 1,000 people. Its plants are: Pollein (AO), Massafra (TA), Messina, Comun Nuovo (BG), Assemini (CA). Birra Dreher was founded in Trieste in 1896. It

700-653: A brewery in Saint Petersburg, where in February 1999, "Botchkarev" beer was first brewed. The "Botchkarov" brand of beer was created by Bravo's American marketing director, Brian Kean. The name and marketing message revived Russian beer-drinking traditions. Botchkarov is a Russian surname-- "botchka" which means barrel in Russian; and then linked it to the "proper" rules for beer consumption. In 2002 Bravo sold its brewing business to Heineken . Since 2004 Bochkarev

770-412: A lighter colour than other beers popular at that time. Different brewing practices and hop quantities have resulted in a range of tastes and strengths within the pale ale family. Pale ale is a kind of Ale . Coke had been first used for dry roasting malt in 1642, but it was not until around 1703 that the term pale ale was first applied to beers made from such malt. By 1784, advertisements appeared in

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840-409: A more stable and consistent lager beer. The Bavarian lager was still different from the widely known modern lager; due to the use of dark malts it was quite dark, representing what is now called Dunkel beer or the stronger variety, bock beer. This technique was applied by Josef Groll in the city of Pilsen , Bohemia , Austria-Hungary , (now Czech Republic ) using less-roasted grains, resulting in

910-456: A strong March brewed version of an amber-red Vienna lager made by Josef Sedlmayr became the favorite Oktoberfestbier. Despite its origins, the color of Märzen - and thus Oktoberfestbier - has become ever lighter since the late 20th century, with many Oktoberfest beers brewed in Munich since 1990 being golden in color; though some Munich brewers still produce darker versions, mostly for export to

980-621: Is a 3.5% abv brown ale ; Brand Cuvée a 5.5% abv top fermenting pale lager; Brand Imperator (since 1949) – 6.5% abv – amber colored, full malted premium beer ; Brand Meibock (since 1994) a 6.5% abv goldbrown Spring seasonal beer; Brand Dubbelbock (since 1987) a 7.5% abv Autumn seasonal beer; Brand Sylvester (since 1984) a 7.5% abv Winter seasonal beer. Caledonian Brewery is a Scottish brewery founded in 1869 in Edinburgh , primarily specialising in Scottish ale . Between 2004 and 2008,

1050-518: Is a 4.9% pale lager introduced in 1924. The ingredients are water; barley malt; unmalted cereals; hops; and brewers yeast. The advertising slogan is "Our Best" ( Macedonian : Нашето најдобро! ). Heineken Hungária is the Hungarian branch of the company. Its main production site, Soproni Sörgyár ( Sopron ) was founded in 1895. It was acquired by Heineken in 2003 by the purchase of the then-owner Austrian Bräu-Union AG . Starobrno (Pivovar Starobrno),

1120-703: Is a brewery in Brno , Czech Republic, founded in 1325 by the Old Brno monastery. It is now owned by Heineken. The main brand is Starobrno , a 5% abv pale lager. The Zagorka brewery was founded in 1902 and is based in Stara Zagora , Bulgaria. In the mid-1990s Zagorka became a fully owned subsidiary of Heineken. The brewery brews various Heineken brands for distribution within Bulgaria, and three exclusive brands: Zagorka ( Bulgarian : Загорка , 5% abv ), named after

1190-477: Is a pale ale traditionally brewed in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France. These beers were usually brewed by farmhouses in the winter and spring, to avoid unpredictable problems with the yeast during the summertime. The origin of the name lies in the tradition that it was matured or cellared for a period of time once bottled (most were sealed with a cork), to be consumed later in the year, akin to

1260-484: Is a typical Belgian blonde ale, and one of the most popular bottled beers in the country as well as being well known internationally. Late in the second half of the nineteenth century, the recipe for pale ale was put into use by the Burton upon Trent brewers, notably Bass ; ales from Burton were considered of a particularly high quality due to synergy between the malt and hops in use and local water chemistry, especially

1330-443: Is an emerging term used in Australia, France (as ambrée ), Belgium and the Netherlands and North America for pale ales brewed with a proportion of amber malt and sometimes crystal malt to produce an amber colour generally ranging from light copper to light brown. A small amount of crystal or other coloured malt is added to the basic pale ale base to produce a slightly darker colour, as in some Irish and British pale ales. In France

1400-664: Is barely perceived or is absent in an amber ale. Anchor Liberty Ale, a 6% abv ale originally brewed by the Anchor Brewing Company as a special in 1975 to commemorate Paul Revere 's "Midnight Ride" in 1775, was seen by Michael Jackson , a writer on beverages, as the first modern American ale. Fritz Maytag , the owner of Anchor, visited British breweries in London, Yorkshire and Burton upon Trent , picking up information about robust pale ales, which he applied when he made his American version, using just malt rather than

1470-702: Is brewed also under license in Almaty brewery Tian Shan; since 2006 its production started at a newly acquired PIT brewery in Kaliningrad . On top of that the beer has been available for export mainly in CIS countries and those with a notable number of Russian expats. The assortment range includes the following beer types: Brand Brewery is a Dutch brewery founded in 1871 by the Brand family in Wijlre . The name comes from

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1540-617: Is named after a town of the same name . It was the first beer to be exported by SCC, arriving first in Gibraltar before being exported to the Azores and the various Portuguese Overseas Territories across the world. Sagres beers made: Founded in 1904 by Roberto Osborne and Agustín Osborne in Seville , takes the name of La Cruz del Campo (The Cross of the Field), which used to be a cross in

1610-514: Is the company's flagship product . It is a 5% abv pale lager that was first brewed in 1868. It is produced by 40 breweries in 39 countries around the world. In 2006, 2.58 billion litres of Heineken was produced. Since 1975, most Heineken beer is brewed in the Heineken brewery in Zoeterwoude , Netherlands. Other beers produced under the Heineken brand name include: Buckler is

1680-561: Is the norm, both by design and since it allows the use of a high percentage of less expensive, light-bodied rice or corn . Some American lagers are brewed as calorie-reduced light beers . Beer from XXXX, various Tooheys' brands, Victoria Bitter (which is classified as a lager), West End, Swan, and Foster's Lager , are Australian lagers. An Australian lager with an amber hue and slightly bitter flavour typically brewed with Pride of Ringwood hops or its descendants. The term "dry beer" has varied with time and region - and still does. Though

1750-644: Is the sponsor of the Spain national football team . Beers also made: The De Ridder brewery in Maastricht was taken over by Heineken and closed in 2002. Wieckse Witte , a 5% abv white beer , was introduced in 1988. The Princely Fürstenberg Brewery (Fürstlich Fürstenbergische Brauerei KG) was founded in Donaueschingen , Germany in 1283 by the Princely House of Fürstenberg . Heineken acquired

1820-478: The Calcutta Gazette for "light and excellent" pale ale. By 1830, the expressions bitter and pale ale were synonymous. Breweries tended to designate beers as "pale ales", though customers would commonly refer to the same beers as "bitters". It is thought that customers used the term bitter to differentiate these pale ales from other less noticeably hopped beers such as porters and milds . By

1890-653: The Affligem Abbey to brew beers under the Affligem Abbey brand name, along with their own Op-Ale, as well as beers under the brand name of the Postel Abbey . Affligem was taken over by Heineken who renamed it the Affligem brewery. The brewery produces a range of beers, including Affligem Blonde, a 6.8% pale ale ; Affligem Dubbel, a 7% dubbel , Affligem Tripel, a 9.5% tripel and Affligem Patersvat,

1960-620: The Imperial Crown of Austria as part of the company's logo. The company was acquired by Heineken in July 2007. As of December 2023, the following beers are brewed regularly by Krušovice: Murphy's brewery was founded in Cork , Ireland in 1856. It was known as Lady's Well Brewery until it was purchased by Heineken in 1983, when the name changed to Murphy Heineken Brewery Ireland Ltd . The two most notable brands are Murphy's Irish Stout ,

2030-415: The United States , less so elsewhere. Smithwick's and Kilkenny are typical examples of macro-brewed commercial Irish red ale. There are many other smaller and craft examples, such as O'Hara's, Sullivan's, Murphy's, Porterhouse and Franciscan Well. Irish red ales are characterised by their malt profile and typically have a sweet, caramel or toffee-like taste, low bitterness and amber to red colour - hence

2100-543: The " Beer Summit " with Henry Louis Gates , James Crowley and President Barack Obama . The event was the result of the controversial arrest of Henry Louis Gates , which gained national attention regarding law enforcement racial profiling . Biden acknowledged that his choice of beer was “mostly ironic". Former US President George W. Bush , who gave up drinking alcoholic beverages after turning 40, drank Buckler while relaxing with Chancellor of Germany Angela Merkel and British Prime Minister Tony Blair on 8 June 2007 during

2170-522: The Birra Moretti brand. Birra Moretti is the main brand, a 4.6% abv pale lager launched in 1859, followed by La Rossa is a 7.2% strong dark lager or dunkel . Other brands include Doppio Malto , Baffo d'Oro , and Sans Souci . It also has a number of bottled beers named after regions of Italy, such as Piemontese , a 5.5%ABV fruit beer . The Op-Ale brewery in Opwijk , Belgium was licensed by

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2240-611: The Brand family which in 1871 purchased the Netherlands' oldest brewery (originally founded in 1340) and remained in management after its acquisition by Heineken. The brewery produces eight beers. Brand Pils is a 5.0% abv pale lager made since 1902. It is sold in the United States as Royal Brand Beer ; Brand Urtyp is a 5.5% abv pale lager introduced in 1952 and claimed to be based on the Pilsener recipe from 1842 – Urtyp stands for "original"; Brand Oud Bruin (Brand Old Brown)

2310-581: The Spaten Brewery in Munich noticed the commercial success of the pale lagers Pilsner and Dortmunder Export ; Spaten utilized the methods that Sedlmayr had brought home over 50 years earlier to produce their own pale lager they named helles in order to distinguish it from the darker, sweeter Dunkelbier or dunkles Bier ("dark beers") from that region. Initially other Munich breweries were reluctant to brew pale-coloured beer, though, as

2380-579: The Spaten Brewery in Germany, and started to modernize continental brewing methods. In 1842, a new modern lager brewery Měšťanský pivovar was built in Plzeň ( German : Pilsen ), a city in western Bohemia in what is now the Czech Republic . The first known example of a golden lager, Pilsner Urquell , was brewed there by Josef Groll . This beer proved so successful that other breweries followed

2450-772: The United Kingdom, golden or summer ales were developed in the late 20th century by breweries to compete with the pale lager market. A typical golden ale has an appearance and profile similar to that of a pale lager. Malt character is subdued and the hop profile ranges from spicy to citrus; common hops include Styrian Golding and Cascade. Alcohol is in the 4% to 5% abv range. The UK style is attributed to John Gilbert, owner of Hop Back Brewery , who developed "Summer Lightning" in 1989, which won several awards and inspired numerous imitators. Belgian blondes are often made with pilsner malt . Some beer writers regard blonde and golden ales as distinct styles, while others do not. Duvel

2520-692: The United States. Oktoberfestbier is a registered trademark of the big six Munich breweries, which call themselves the Club of Munich Brewers. Along with other Munich beer, it is protected by the European Union as a Protected Geographical Indication (PGI). Notes Bibliography Pale ale Pale ale is a golden to amber coloured beer style brewed with pale malt . The term first appeared in England around 1703 for beers made from malts dried with high-carbon coke , which resulted in

2590-678: The alcohol content could not exceed normal levels (5% ABV). Pale lagers that exceed an abv of around 5.8% are variously termed bock , malt liquor /super strength lager, Oktoberfestbier / Märzen , or European strong lager. Bock is a strong lager which has origins in the Hanseatic town of Einbeck in Germany. The name is a corruption of the medieval German brewing town of Einbeck, but also means billy goat (buck) in German. The original bocks were dark beers, brewed from highly roasted malts . Modern bocks can be dark, amber or pale in color. Bock

2660-458: The beers that have been served at the festival since 1818, and are supplied by six breweries: Spaten , Löwenbräu , Augustiner-Bräu , Hofbräu-München , Paulaner and Hacker-Pschorr . Traditionally Oktoberfestbiers were lagers of around 5.5 to 6 abv called Märzen , brewed in March and allowed to ferment slowly during the summer months. Originally these would have been dark lagers , but from 1872

2730-458: The brewery in October 2004 through their Brau Holding International AG company which is co-owned by Schörghuber . The brewery produces Fürstenberg Gold , and Qowaz , a drink made from a mix of wheat beer, cola and lemongrass . The Karlovačko Brewery ( hr : Karlovačka pivovara , shortform Karlovačko ) is a Croatian brewery, founded in 1854 by local landowner Baron Nikola Vranyczany in

2800-548: The brewery was bought by Scottish and Newcastle. Sociedade Central de Cervejas (SCC) is a Portuguese brewery, founded in 1934, that produces a range of beers, mainly pale lagers. Its main output is the Sagres brand of beers. The company has been controlled since April 2008 by Heineken. The Sagres brand was created in 1940 to represent Sociedade Central de Cervejas at the Portuguese World Exhibition , and

2870-637: The brewery's home city of Stara Zagora ; and Stolichno (a 6.5% abv strong dark lager or bock ) and Ariana (a 4.5% pale lager), both originally produced in Sofia by the Ariana Brewery . Zlatý Bažant brewery was founded in 1969 in Slovakia , then bought by Heineken in 1995. There are several brands, among them Zlatý Bažant 12° ( Golden Pheasant ), a 5% abv (12 degrees Plato ) pale lager, and Kelt 12° , another 5% pale lager. Żywiec Brewery

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2940-591: The cooler months of the year. In order to have beer available during the hot summer months, beers would be stored (lagered) in caves and stone cellars, often under blocks of ice. In the period 1820–1830, a brewer named Gabriel Sedlmayr II the Younger, whose family was running the Spaten Brewery in Bavaria, went around Europe to improve his brewing skills. When he returned, he used what he had learned to get

3010-768: The expression "India pale ale" is in an advertisement in the Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser on 27 August 1829. Worthington White Shield , originating in Burton-upon-Trent, is a beer considered to be part of the development of India pale ale. The colour of an IPA can vary from a light gold to a reddish amber. The term "Irish red ale" was popularised in the United States and subsequently exported worldwide. The additional variants "red ale", "Irish ale" ( Irish : leann dearg , ) and "Irish red", have come to be used by brewers mainly in Ireland and

3080-539: The finished version in March 1981. Other pioneers of a hoppy American pale ale are Jack McAuliffe of the New Albion Brewing Company and Bert Grant of Yakima Brewing . American pale ales are generally around 5% abv, with significant quantities of American hops, typically Cascade. Although American-brewed beers tend to use a cleaner yeast, and American two row malt, it the use of strong American hops in particular that distinguish an APA from

3150-523: The first pale lager Pilsner Urquell in 1842. The new recipe of the improved lager beer spread quickly over Europe. In particular Sedlmayr's friend Anton Dreher adopted new kilning techniques that enabled the use of lighter malts to improve the Viennese beer in 1840–1841, creating a rich amber-red colored Vienna-style lager. Pale lagers tend to be dry, lean, clean-tasting and crisp. Flavors may be subtle, with no traditional beer ingredient dominating

3220-575: The main Heineken plant at Zoeterwoude . Heineken offer several beers under the Amstel brand. Amstel Lager uses predominantly pilsener malt , although some Vienna malt is also used. It is sold in 75 countries. Amstel Light is a 3.5% abv pale lager . Amstel 1870 is a slightly dark 5% abv lager. In France a beer called Amstel Free , with minimal alcohol content – about 1% abv, is produced. Beamish & Crawford in Cork brews both an Irish stout and

3290-660: The malt and sugar combination common in brewing at that time, and making prominent use of the American hop, Cascade . By 1983, it was commonly found. The brewery thought to be the first to successfully use significant quantities of American hops in the notably hoppy style of an APA and use the specific name "pale ale" was the Sierra Nevada Brewing Company . It brewed the first experimental batch of Sierra Nevada Pale Ale in November 1980, distributing

3360-439: The mid to late 20th century, while brewers were still labelling bottled beers as pale ales, they had begun identifying cask beers as "bitters", except those from Burton on Trent , which tend to be referred to as "pale ales". Different brewing practices and hop levels have resulted in a range of taste and strength within the pale ale family. Collier Brothers of London applied for the UK trademark of The Amber Ale in 1876 and

3430-400: The mid-19th century, Gabriel Sedlmayr took British pale ale brewing and malt making techniques back to the Spaten Brewery in Germany and applied them to existing lagering methods. The resulting beers gradually spread around the globe to become the most common form of beer consumed in the world today. Bavarian brewers in the sixteenth century were required by law to brew beer only during

3500-642: The middle of the field, which still stands today next to the brewery in Seville. Nowadays it is part of the Heineken corporation who bought it from Guinness . Cruzcampo can be found anywhere in Spain, but it is in Andalusia where it is most consumed. It has breweries in Seville , Madrid, Valencia , Jaén and Arano . The logo since 1926 has been the figure of Gambrinus , a legendary creator of beer. Cruzcampo

3570-406: The name Diät-Pils or Diätbier  [ de ] . "Diet" in the instance not referring to being "light" in calories or body, rather its sugars are fully fermented into alcohol, allowing the beer to be targeted to diabetics due to its lower carbohydrate content. Because the available sugars are fully fermented, dry beers often have a higher alcohol content, which, if desired, may be reduced in

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3640-647: The name. Irish brewers have increasingly adopted the term Irish Red Ale to distinguish their beers in both the domestic and international markets. In the US, the name can also be used simply to describe a darker amber ale, or the abbreviated term "Irish Red" applied to a "reddish" beer brewed as a lager and ambered with caramel colouring - for example Killian's Irish Red . Strong pale ales are ales made predominantly with pale malts and have an alcohol strength that may start around 5%, though typically at 7 or 8% by volume, and may go up to 12%, though some brewers have been pushing

3710-487: The others. Hop character (bitterness, flavor, and aroma) ranges from negligible to a dry bitterness from noble hops . The main ingredients are water, Pilsner malt and noble hops, though some brewers use adjuncts such as rice or corn to lighten the body of the beer. Depending on style, pale lagers typically contain 4-6% alcohol by volume . Pale lager was developed in the mid 19th-century, when Gabriel Sedlmayr took some British pale ale brewing techniques back to

3780-598: The popularity of pale beers grew, so other breweries in Munich and Bavaria gradually began brewing pale lager either using the name hell or Pils . Pale lagers termed helles , hell , Pils or gold remain popular in Munich and Bavaria, with a local inclination to use low levels of hops, and an abv in the range 4.7% to 5.4%; Munich breweries which produce such pale lagers include Löwenbräu , Staatliches Hofbräuhaus in München , Augustiner Bräu , Paulaner , and Hacker-Pschorr , with Spaten-Franziskaner-Bräu producing

3850-507: The presence of gypsum . Burton retained absolute dominance in pale ale brewing until a chemist, C. W. Vincent, discovered the process of Burtonization to reproduce the chemical composition of the water from Burton-upon-Trent, thus giving any brewery the capability to brew pale ale. The expression English bitter first appeared in the early 19th century as part of the development and spread of pale ale. Breweries tended to designate beers as "pale ales", though customers would commonly refer to

3920-576: The production, whereas Amstel became one of the most famous beers in the Greek market, just like it still is today. In 1981, Athenian Brewery started Heineken beer's production in Greece, while a third plant started operating in Patra. The Amstel brewery was founded in 1870 in Amsterdam , Netherlands. It was taken over by Heineken in 1968, and the brewing plant closed down in 1972, with production moving to

3990-465: The same beers as "bitters". It is thought that customers used the term bitter to differentiate these pale ales from other less noticeably hopped beers. Drinkers tend to loosely group modern bitters into "session" or "ordinary" bitters (up to 4.1% abv), "best" or "special" bitters (between 4.2% and 4.7% abv) and "strong" bitters (4.8% abv and over). India pale ale (IPA) is a style of pale ale developed in England for export to India. The first known use of

4060-425: The same manner as low-alcohol beers . Since the 2012 revisions to the Diätverordnung  [ de ] (Ordinance on Dietetic Foodstuffs), it is no longer permitted to label beer as "Diät" in Germany, but it may be advertised as "suitable for diabetics". Prior to this change, a Diätbier could contain no more than 7.5 g of unfermented carbohydrates per liter (a typical lager contains 30-40 g/L), and

4130-405: The term " ambrée " is used to signify a beer, either cold or warm fermented, which is amber in colour; the beer, as in Pelforth ambrée and Fischer amber, may be a Vienna lager , or it may be a bière de garde as in Jenlain ambrée . In North America, American-variety hops are used in amber ales with varying degrees of bitterness, although very few examples are particularly hoppy. Diacetyl

4200-471: The term was not yet used, the first dry beer, Gablinger's Diet Beer , was released in 1967, developed by Joseph Owades at Rheingold Breweries in Brooklyn. Owades developed an enzyme that could further break down starches, so that the finished product contained fewer residual carbohydrates and was lower in food energy . A marketing term for a fully attenuated pale lager, originally used in Japan by Asahi Breweries in 1987, "karakuchi" ( 辛口 , dry ) ,

4270-451: The town breweries grouped together to export the beer beyond the town, the brand name Dortmunder Export became known. Today, breweries in Denmark, the Netherlands, and North America also brew pale lagers labelled as Dortmunder Export. " Helles " or " hell " is a traditional German pale lager, produced chiefly in Southern Germany , particularly Munich . The German word hell can be translated as "bright", "light", or "pale". In 1894,

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4340-448: The town of Karlovac . In 2003, Heineken International acquired a majority stake. As of December 2006, the following beers are brewed regularly by Karlovačko: The Royal Brewery of Krušovice ( Czech : Královský pivovar Krušovice , shortform Krušovice ) is a Czech brewery, established in 1581 by Jiří Birka in the village of Krušovice . The brewery gained a contract to provide beer to Emperor Rudolf II in 1583, allowing them to use

4410-415: The trademark was maintained through changes in ownership until it expired as UK00000009744 in 2002. It was a "pure delicately hopped Pale Ale" positioned between their light bitter and IPA. Since the expiry of the trademark some traditional British bitters have been rebranded as amber ales, in some cases to distinguish them from golden ales sold under the same brand eg Shepherd Neame Spitfire. Amber ale

4480-422: The trend, using the name Pilsner . Breweries now use the terms "lager" and "Pilsner" interchangeably, though pale lagers from the Czech Republic and Germany categorized as pilsner tend to have more evident noble hop aroma and dry finish than other pale lagers. With the success of Pilsen's golden beer, the town of Dortmund in Germany started brewing pale lager in 1873. As Dortmund was a major brewing center, and

4550-441: Was acquired by Heineken International in 1988. The brewery produces the Pelforth brand of beers: Pelforth , an ale, was first brewed in 1935 using two different types of malt and English yeast. The name came from "Pel" for pelican, "forte" for strong, because it contains a lot of malt (43 kg/hL), and the h added to give it an English feel. In addition to the Blonde (5.8% abv) and Brune (6.5% abv), Pelforth Amber (6% abv)

4620-421: Was bought by Heineken in 1974. Heineken also purchased Birra Ichnusa , a brewery founded in 1912 in Assemini , a town near the Sardinian capital Cagliari . It is named after the Latinized ancient name Sardinia, Hyknusa . Birra Moretti was founded in Udine in 1859 by Luigi Moretti. Heineken acquired the company in 1996, selling the brewing plant to the new Castello beer company. There are eight beers under

4690-406: Was founded in 1852 by the Habsburg family in Żywiec in Silesia , Poland. It was nationalised after the Second World War. The brewery was acquired by Heineken in the mid-1990s along with the Warszawskie Brewery, Warsaw . The brewery produces several brands of beer, usually pale lagers of varying strengths from usually 10.5° to 14° Balling or 4–6% alcohol, including: Pale lager In

4760-445: Was introduced in 2003. The Pelforth brewery also produces George Killian's , a 6.5% amber or Irish ale . Among connoisseurs, it is "famous for its strong speciality beers". The Skopje Brewery ( Macedonian : Пивара Скопје, Pivara Skopje ) is a Macedonian brewery in Skopje . It is a joint venture between Coca-Cola HBC AG and Heineken International . Skopje brews the Skopsko brand as well as Gorsko. Skopsko ( Cyrillic : Скопско)

4830-429: Was taken up by the American brewer Anheuser-Busch in 1988 as "dry beer" for the Michelob brand, Michelob Dry . This was followed by other "dry beer" brands such as Bud Dry , though the marketing concept was not considered a success. In Australia, the term "Dry" is used for beers that are lower in carbohydrates. While all lagers are well attenuated , a more fully fermented (i.e. "dry") pale lager in Germany goes by

4900-460: Was traditionally brewed for special occasions, often religious festivals such as Christmas , Easter or Lent . Malt liquor is an American term referring to a strong pale lager brewed to an unnaturally high alcohol content through the addition of such high-carbohydrate adjuncts as corn, rice, and sugar. In the UK, similarly made beverages are called super-strength lager. Oktoberfest is a German festival dating from 1810, and Oktoberfestbiers are

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