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49-501: The town covers tambon Khuhu Sawan, and small parts of tambon Khao Chiak, Tha Mi Ram, Prang Mu, Lampam, Tamnan, and Khuan Maphrao, all in Mueang Phatthalung District . In 2005 it had a population of 38,576. Phatthalung is 851 km by road south of Bangkok. 7°30′N 100°00′E  /  7.500°N 100.000°E  / 7.500; 100.000 This Phatthalung Province location article

98-531: A tambon may either be administered by a Subdistrict (Tambon) Administrative Organization (SAO or TAO, Thai : องค์การบริหารส่วนตำบล ) or a Tambon Council (TC, Thai : สภาตำบล ). However, since 2001 all of the Tambon Councils have been upgraded to Tambon Administrative Organizations. The TAO council consist of two representatives from each administrative village in the subdistrict, and one directly elected president. The subdistrict area which belongs to

147-626: A Cabinet reshuffle. Many have claimed that Thaksin's move was designed to help give Chamlong Srimuang a boost in the June 1996 Bangkok Governor elections, which Chamlong returned from retirement to contest. But Chamlong lost to Bhichit Rattakul, an independent. Chamlong's failure to buttress the PDP's failing power base in Bangkok amplified divisions in the PDP, particularly between Chamlong's "temple" faction and Thaksin's. Soon afterwards, Chamlong announced he

196-428: A common sense understanding, (2) the accounting explanation may have minor changes but the important information remains unchanged and has been edited to make it clearer, (3) It is not shown that there have been any instances where a minister or individual who submitted the accounting has stated that they did not show the asset list because they used another person's name as a substitute, citing that they did not understand

245-495: A computer rental business. In 1987 Thaksin resigned from the police. He then marketed a romance drama called Baan Sai Thong , which became a popular success in theatres. In 1988, he joined Pacific Telesis to operate and market the PacLink pager service, a modest success, though Thaksin later sold his shares to establish his own paging company. In 1989, he launched IBC, a cable television company. At that time, Thaksin had

294-626: A data networking service, Shinawatra DataCom, today known as Advanced Data Network and owned by AIS and TOT . Many of Thaksin's businesses were later consolidated as Shin Corporation . Advanced Info Service (AIS) was given a monopoly contract by Thaksin's military contacts in 1986 and used the GSM-900 frequency band. AIS grew rapidly and became the largest mobile phone operator in Thailand. The Shinawatra Computer and Communications Group

343-949: A gas station, and a car and motorcycle dealership. By the time Thaksin was born, the Shinawatra family was one of the richest and most influential families in Chiang Mai. Thaksin was born in San Kamphaeng , Chiang Mai Province . He is a Theravada Buddhist . He lived in the village of San Kamphaeng until he was 15, then moved to Chiang Mai to study at Montfort College . At 16, he helped run one of his father's cinemas. Thaksin married Potjaman Damapong in July 1976. They have one son, Panthongtae and two daughters, Pinthongtha and Paethongtarn . They divorced in 2008. Thaksin's youngest sister, Yingluck Shinawatra ( Thai : ยิ่งลักษณ์ ชินวัตร ; RTGS :  yinglak chinnawat ),

392-571: A good relationship with Chalerm Yoobumrung, the minister of the Prime Minister's Office, who was in charge of Thai press and media. It is a question whether Chalerm granted the right to Thaksin to establish IBC to benefit his close friend, seeing that the project had been denied by the previous administration. However, it turned out to be a money loser and he eventually merged the company with the CP Group's UTV. In 1989, Thaksin established

441-585: A landslide in the 2005 general election , which had the highest voter turnout in Thai history. Twelve years later, after Thaksin was removed from power, Chamlong Srimuang expressed regret at getting "such a corrupt person" into politics. The PDP soon withdrew from the government over the Sor Por Kor 4-01 land reform corruption scandal, causing the government of Chuan Leekpai to collapse. Chamlong, strongly criticised for mishandling internal PDP politics in

490-435: A municipality ( thesaban ) is administered by the municipal council. In the event only part of the subdistrict is within a municipality, the remaining part is administered by a TAO. Adjoining subdistricts of a single district can also have a joint TAO. In 2001, Thai Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra started a project in which every tambon would select a typical, distinctive local product. The project then aids in promoting

539-594: A notorious drug suppression campaign. Thaksin embarked on a massive program of infrastructure investment, including roads, public transit, and Suvarnabhumi Airport . Nevertheless, public sector debt fell from 57 percent of GDP in January 2001 to 41 percent in September 2006. Levels of corruption were perceived to have fallen, with Transparency International 's Corruption Perceptions Index improving from 3.2 to 3.8 between 2001 and 2005. The Thai Rak Thai party won in

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588-573: A populist platform often attributed to Somkid , TRT promised universal access to healthcare, a three-year debt moratorium for farmers, and one million baht locally managed development funds for all Thai villages. After Prime Minister Chuan Leekpai dissolved parliament in November 2000, TRT won a sweeping victory in the January 2001 elections , the first held under the Constitution of 1997. At

637-524: A strong-arm approach against the separatist insurgency in the Muslim southern provinces . His decision to sell shares in his corporation for more than a billion tax-free US dollars generated controversy. A protest movement against Thaksin, called People's Alliance for Democracy or "Yellow Shirts", launched mass demonstrations , accusing him of corruption, abuse of power, and autocratic tendencies. In 2006 Thaksin called snap elections that were boycotted by

686-409: A subdistrict in Thailand is about 70.72 km (27.31 sq mi), while its average population of a subdistrict in Thailand is about 9,637 people. The tambon as a subdivision has a long history. It was the second-level subdivision of the area administered by a provincial town in the 19th century. The governor of the province was supposed to appoint a communal elder, kamnan or phan . In

735-427: A year afterward. If found guilty, Thaksin could be banned from political office for five years. This case is known as the "stock hiding case" because the Constitution prohibits politicians and their spouses from holding shares in private companies as per the law. However, Thaksin transferred the shares he owned to his domestic staff and other nominees in order to conceal his ownership. According to his own testament in

784-458: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Tambon Tambon ( Thai : ตำบล , pronounced [tām.bōn] ) is a local governmental unit in Thailand . Below district ( amphoe ) and province ( changwat ), they form the third administrative subdivision level. As of 2016 there were 7,255 tambons, not including the 180 khwaeng of Bangkok , which are set at

833-667: Is not his responsibility to submit the accounting before the announcement of the use of the organic law on the Prevention and Suppression of Corruption Act, B.E. 2542 (A.D. 1999), which was just announced on November 18, B.E. 2542 (A.D. 1999) and (6) in the confidential letter dated November 14, 24, and 30th, B.E. 2543 (A.D. 2000) to the Chairman of the Audit Committee, the accused (Thaksin Shinawatra) had already explained

882-664: Is said to have entered politics in 2011 at her brother's request as leader of the pro-Thaksin Pheu Thai Party . She was later elected prime minister on 3 July 2011. Thaksin received a doctorate in criminology at Sam Houston State University . Thaksin lectured at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities of Mahidol University in 1979. Thaksin was a member of the 10th class of the Armed Forces Academies Preparatory School , and

931-532: The People's Power Party that ruled in 2008 and its successor organisation Pheu Thai Party , as well as the United Front for Democracy Against Dictatorship or "Red Shirt" movement. His younger sister Yingluck Shinawatra was prime minister from 2011 to 2014, and his youngest daughter Paetongtarn Shinawatra has been the prime minister since 2024. Later in exile, Thaksin registered a Clubhouse account under

980-400: The populist Thai Rak Thai (TRT) party in 1998. After a historic election victory in 2001 , he became prime minister, the country's first to serve a full term. Thaksin introduced a range of policies to alleviate rural poverty. Highly popular, they helped reduce poverty by half in four years. He launched the country's first universal healthcare program, the 30-baht scheme , as well as

1029-646: The 1860s and settled in Chiang Mai in 1908. His eldest son, Chiang Saekhu, was born in Chanthaburi in 1890 and married a local named Saeng Samana. Chiang's eldest son, Sak, adopted the Thai surname Shinawatra in 1938 because of the country's pro-Central Thai movement , and the rest of the family also adopted it. Seng Saekhu had made his fortune through tax farming . Chiang Saekhu/Shinawatra later founded Shinawatra Silks and then moved into finance, construction, and property development. Thaksin's father, Loet,

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1078-582: The Policy and Planning Sub-division, General Staff Division, Metropolitan Police Bureau, before resigning his commission in 1987 as a Police Lieutenant Colonel and leaving the police. His former wife, Potjaman Damapong , is the sister of Police General Priewpan Damapong and now uses her mother's maiden name. He was a former university lecturer at the Royal Police Cadet Academy in 1975–1976. Thaksin's police lieutenant colonel rank

1127-556: The Truth for Reconciliation Commission of Thailand released a final report after two years of work, stating that all political crises were caused by the "Thaksin stock hiding case" in which the Constitutional Court acted unlawfully. Seven judges of the Constitutional Court ruled that Thaksin Shinawatra was guilty of the charges, while six other judges ruled that he was not guilty. However, the Constitutional Court then included

1176-460: The accounting explanation and (4) although the organic law on the Prevention and Suppression of Corruption Act, B.E. 2542 (A.D. 1999) was announced on November 18, B.E. 2542 (A.D. 1999), the accused has the responsibility to submit the accounting according to the current constitution from the day it is mandated, which is October 11, B.E. 2540 (A.D. 1997). Later, the Constitutional Court ruled 8 to 7 that Thaksin Shinawatra did not have any intention in

1225-491: The administrative reforms started in 1892 under Prince Damrong Rajanubhab , the first Thai Minister of the Interior , the three levels of subdivision of provinces were continued, i.e., starting from district to tambon to the lowest level called muban . The subdistricts are subdivided into administrative villages (muban, หมู่บ้าน ) as the lowest administrative subdivision. Usually these are referred to much more often by

1274-657: The ailing iTV television station from the Crown Property Bureau , Nation Multimedia Group , and Siam Commercial Bank . Thaksin entered politics in late 1994 through Chamlong Srimuang , who had just reclaimed the position of Palang Dharma Party (PDP) leader from Boonchu Rojanastien . In a subsequent purge of Boonchu-affiliated PDP cabinet ministers, Thaksin was appointed Foreign Minister in December 1994, replacing Prasong Soonsiri . Thaksin left Palang Dharma along with many of its MPs in 1996, and founded

1323-442: The constitutional court, his reasons for failing to reveal his complete asset include: (1) the constitution does not define the term "personal property", (2) the accounting explanation is not clear, (3) not showing the property using another person's name as a substitute, which was not previously required to be shown, is not considered a violation, (4) not intentionally not showing the list of property using another person's name, (5) it

1372-636: The elections, winning only one seat, and soon imploded, with most members resigning. On 15 August 1997, Thaksin became Deputy Prime Minister in Chavalit Yongchaiyudh 's government, after the Thai baht was floated and devalued on 2 July 1997, sparking the Asian financial crisis . He held the position for only three months, leaving on 14 November when Chavalit resigned. During a censure debate on 27 September 1997, Democrat Suthep Thaugsuban accused Thaksin of profiting from insider information about

1421-678: The government's decision to float the baht, but the next Democrat party-led government did not investigate the accusations. During this period, Thaksin also served on the Asia Advisory Board of the Washington, D.C. based Carlyle Group until he resigned upon becoming Prime Minister in 2001. Thaksin founded the Thai Rak Thai (TRT) ('Thais Love Thais') party in 1998 along with Somkid Jatusripitak , PDP ally Sudarat Keyuraphan , Purachai Piumsomboon, and 19 others. With

1470-681: The introduction of universal healthcare, allowing him to gather the hitherto-neglected support of the rural poor, especially in the populous northeast. His cabinet consisted of a broad coalition of academics, former student leaders, and former leaders of the Palang Dharma Party , including Prommin Lertsuridej , Chaturon Chaisang, Prapat Panyachatraksa , Surapong Suebwonglee, Somkid Jatusripitak , Surakiart Sathirathai , and Sudarat Keyuraphan . Traditional regional power brokers also flocked to his government. However, his government

1519-564: The last days of the Chuan-government, retired from politics and hand-picked Thaksin as new PDP leader. Thaksin ran for election for the first time for the constitutional tribunal and lost. Thaksin joined the government of Banharn Silpa-Archa and was appointed Deputy Prime Minister in charge of Bangkok traffic. In May 1996, he and four other PDP ministers quit the Banharn Cabinet (while retaining their MP seats), prompting

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1568-567: The list of assets and debts and the reasons why they were not shown in the accounting, considering the notification of additional asset lists as part of the three times submitted accounting. While Klanarong Jantik, the Secretary-General of the National Anti-Corruption Commission-NACC, argued in the court that (1) although the constitution does not define the term "personal property", but it is

1617-452: The matter. This ruling may have been influenced by public pressure against the Constitutional Court because at the time, Thaksin was very popular and some believed he should have been given the opportunity to govern the country. However, there is still a part of society that is skeptical of the court's decision and sees Thaksin as disrupting the justice process, leading to the complaint and removal of four Constitutional Court judges. In 2011,

1666-529: The name "Tony Woodsome", which became his moniker, and frequently held activities on the platform. He also made several announcements expressing his desire to return to Thailand on various social media platforms. Ultimately, Thaksin returned to Thailand on 22 August 2023, and was promptly taken into custody. Thaksin's great-grandfather, Seng Saekhu (Khu Chun Seng 丘春盛), was an ethnic Chinese Hakka immigrant from Fengshun , Guangdong, China, who arrived in Siam in

1715-676: The opposition and invalidated by the Constitutional Court . Thaksin was deposed in a military coup on 19 September 2006 . His party was outlawed and he was barred from political activity. Thaksin lived in self-imposed exile for 15 years—except for a brief visit to Thailand in 2008—before returning to Thailand in August 2023. During his exile he was sentenced in absentia to two years in jail for abuse of power, and stripped of his Police Rank of Police Lieutenant Colonel. From abroad, he continued to influence Thai politics through

1764-615: The product, as well as assisting in modernizing production. Shops selling OTOP products are located in each provincial capital. Thaksin Shinawatra Thaksin Shinawatra (born 26 July 1949) is a Thai politician and businessman who served as the 23rd prime minister of Thailand from 2001 to 2006. Thaksin founded the mobile phone operator Advanced Info Service and the IT and telecommunications conglomerate Shin Corporation in 1987, ultimately making him one of

1813-631: The richest people in Thailand. He founded the Thai Rak Thai Party (TRT) in 1998 and, after a landslide electoral victory, became prime minister in 2001. He was the first democratically elected prime minister of Thailand to serve a full term and was re-elected in 2005 by an overwhelming majority. Thaksin declared a "war on drugs" in which more than 2,500 people were killed. Thaksin's government launched programs to reduce poverty, expand infrastructure, promote small and medium-sized enterprises, and extend universal healthcare coverage. Thaksin took

1862-671: The same administrative level, thus every district contains eight to ten tambon. Tambon is usually translated as " township " or "subdistrict" in English — the latter is the recommended translation, though also often used for king amphoe , the designation for a subdistrict acting as a branch (Thai: king ) of the parent district. Tambon are further subdivided into 74,944 villages ( muban ) as of 2008. Tambon within cities or towns are not subdivided into villages, but may have less formal communities called chumchon ( ชุมชน ) that may be formed into community associations . The average area of

1911-406: The smaller Seritham Party (14 seats). Thaksin became Prime Minister of Thailand on 9 February 2001. Thailand's National Counter Corruption Commission (NCCC) submitted an indictment to the Constitutional Court accusing Thaksin Shinawatra, the prime minister-in-waiting at the time, for failing to disclose assets worth about 2.37 billion baht ($ 56 million) while he was deputy prime minister in 1997 and

1960-568: The time, some academics called it the most open, corruption-free election in Thai history. Thai Rak Thai won 248 parliamentary seats (more than any other party previously) and needed only three more seats to form a government. Nonetheless, Thaksin opted for a broad coalition to gain total control and avoid a vote of no confidence, with the Chart Thai Party (41 seats) and the New Aspiration Party (36 seats), while absorbing

2009-594: The village number than the actual name, especially as an administrative village may contain more than one settlement, or a large settlement may be split into more than one administrative village. One of the elected village headmen is elected as the subdistrict headman ( Kamnan ). With the Tambon Council and Tambon Administrative Authority Act BE 2537 (1994) and later by the constitution of 1997 , tambon were decentralized into local government units with an elected tambon council. Depending on its size and tax income

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2058-416: The votes of the two judges who had ruled that the case was not within their jurisdiction, but had not ruled on the substance of the case, and added them to the votes of the six judges who had ruled that Thaksin was not guilty. This resulted in a ruling of 8 to 7 in favor of Thaksin, which was perceived as a violation of the law and led to public mistrust of the judicial process in Thailand. Thaksin Shinawatra

2107-536: Was born in Chiang Mai in 1919 and married Yindi Ramingwong. Yindi's father, Charoen Ramingwong (born: Wang Chuan Cheng), was a Chinese Hakka immigrant who married Princess Chanthip na Chiangmai, a minor member of the Lanna (Chiang Mai) royalty . In 1968, Loet Shinawatra entered politics and became an MP for Chiang Mai. Loet Shinawatra quit politics in 1976. He opened a coffee shop, grew oranges and flowers in Chiang Mai's San Kamphaeng District , and opened two cinemas,

2156-501: Was founded in 1987 and listed in 1990. In 1990, Thaksin founded Shinawatra Satellite, which has developed and operated four Thaicom communications satellites. In 1999, the Shinawatra family spent some one billion baht establishing Shinawatra University in Pathum Thani . It offers international programs in engineering, architecture, and business management, though it ranks quite low internationally. In 2000, Thaksin acquired

2205-490: Was increasingly accused of dictatorship, demagogy , corruption, conflicts of interest, human rights offences, acting undiplomatically, using legal loopholes and displaying hostility towards a free press . A highly controversial leader, he has also been the target of numerous allegations of lèse majesté , treason, usurping religious and royal authority, selling assets to international investors, and religious desecration . Thaksin's government designed its policies to appeal to

2254-526: Was retiring again from politics. Thaksin and the PDP pulled out of the Banharn-government in August 1996. In a subsequent no-confidence debate, the PDP gave evidence against the Banharn government, and in September 1996 Banharn dissolved Parliament. Thaksin announced he would not run in the subsequent November 1996 elections but would remain as leader of the PDP. It suffered a fatal defeat in

2303-554: Was revoked in September 2015. Thaksin and his wife began several businesses while he was still in the police, including a silk shop, a cinema, and an apartment building. All were failures which left him over 50 million baht in debt, (£1 million). In 1982, he established ICSI. Using his police contacts, he leased computers to government agencies with modest success. However, later ventures in security systems (SOS) and public bus radio services (Bus Sound) all failed. In April 1986, he founded Advanced Info Service (AIS), which started as

2352-496: Was the first prime minister of Thailand to complete a full term in office, and his rule is generally agreed to have been one of the most distinctive in the country's modern history. He initiated many eye-catching policies that distinguished him from his predecessors. They affected the economy, public health, education, energy, social order, drug suppression and international relations. He gained one re-election victory. Thaksin's most effective policies were reducing rural poverty and

2401-690: Was then admitted to the Thai Police Cadet Academy. Graduating in 1973, he joined the Royal Thai Police . He received a master's degree in criminal justice from Eastern Kentucky University in the United States in 1975, and three years later was awarded a doctorate in criminal justice at Sam Houston State University in Huntsville, Texas . Returning to Thailand, he reached the position of Deputy Superintendent of

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