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38-663: The Henry Phipps Psychiatric Clinic is a psychiatric school and clinic in Baltimore, Maryland . Proposed in 1908 as the first of its kind in the United States, the clinic opened on April 16, 1913 as a new section of Johns Hopkins Hospital . After a visit to the hospital to check on his other investments in the Phipps Tuberculosis Dispensary, Henry Phipps decided to donate $ 1.5 million to fund psychiatry at Johns Hopkins. William Welch , dean of

76-493: A polyclinic , it can house outpatient departments of some medical specialties, such as gynecology , dermatology , ophthalmology , otolaryngology , neurology , pulmonology , cardiology , and endocrinology . In some university cities , polyclinics contain outpatient departments for the entire teaching hospital in one building. Large outpatient clinics are a common type of healthcare facility in many countries, including France, Germany (long tradition), Switzerland, and most of

114-404: A business relationship. In veterinary medicine , the client is the owner or guardian of the patient. These may be used by governmental agencies, insurance companies , patient groups, or health care facilities . Individuals who use or have used psychiatric services may alternatively refer to themselves as consumers, users, or survivors . In nursing homes and assisted living facilities,

152-459: A decade, medical errors are even more likely to happen in a doctor's office or outpatient clinic or center. A day patient (or day-patient ) is a patient who is using the full range of services of a hospital or clinic but is not expected to stay the night. The term was originally used by psychiatric hospital services using of this patient type to care for people needing support to make the transition from in-patient to out-patient care. However,

190-485: A few locations treating mental disorders, medical students did not have many opportunities to study psychiatry in the United States. Germany was at the forefront of psychological studies and treatments, but Dr. William Welch of the Johns Hopkins Hospital looked to change that by educating the public through a national campaign against mental ill health. On a routine visit to check on his investments in

228-437: A first step in improving child morbidity and mortality in difficult-to-reach rural areas." Food supplementation in the context of routine mobile clinic visits also shows to have improved the nutritional status of children, and it needs further exploration as a way to reduce childhood malnutrition in resource-scarce areas. A cross-sectional study focussed on comparing acute and chronic undernutrition rates prior to and after

266-783: A food-supplementation program as an adjunct to routine health care for children of migrant workers residing in rural communities in the Dominican Republic. Rates of chronic undernutrition decreased from 33% to 18% after the initiation of the food-supplementation program and shows that the community members attending the mobile clinics are not just passively receiving the information but are incorporating it and helping keep their children nourished. There are many different types of clinics providing outpatient services. Such clinics may be public (government-funded) or private medical practices. Inpatients The word patient originally meant 'one who suffers'. This English noun comes from

304-496: A formal hospital admission or an overnight stay, and this is called outpatient surgery or day surgery, which has many benefits including lowered healthcare cost , reducing the amount of medication prescribed, and using the physician's or surgeon's time more efficiently. Outpatient surgery is suited best for more healthy patients undergoing minor or intermediate procedures (limited urinary-tract , eye , or ear, nose, and throat procedures and procedures involving superficial skin and

342-451: A local general practice run by a single general practitioner provides primary health care and is usually run as a for-profit business by the owner, whereas a government-run specialist clinic may provide subsidized or specialized health care. Some clinics serve as a place for people with injuries or illnesses to be seen by a triage nurse or other health worker . In these clinics, the injury or illness may not be serious enough to require

380-406: A prominent professor of psychiatry at Cornell University and the first ever psychobiologist , helped publish A Mind That Found Itself and was one of the best in the field of psychiatry, so Welch recruited Meyer to become the head of the new department. Meyer became the head of the department in 1909 and oversaw the development of both the department and the building that would house the clinic for

418-456: A visit to an emergency room (ER), but the person can be transferred to one if needed. Treatment at these clinics is often less expensive than it would be at a casualty department. Also, unlike an ER these clinics are often not open on a 24/7/365 basis. They sometimes have access to diagnostic equipment such as X-ray machines, especially if the clinic is part of a larger facility. Doctors at such clinics can often refer patients to specialists if

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456-603: Is a couch or bed and κλινικός klinikos is a physician who visits his patients in their beds. In Latin, this became clīnicus . An early use of the word clinic was "one who receives baptism on a sick bed". Clinics are often associated with a general medical practice run by one or several general practitioners . Other types of clinics are run by the type of specialist associated with that type: physical therapy clinics by physiotherapists and psychology clinics by clinical psychologists , and so on for each health profession. (This can even hold true for certain services outside

494-411: Is a patient who attends an outpatient clinic with no plan to stay beyond the duration of the visit. Even if the patient will not be formally admitted with a note as an outpatient, their attendance is still registered, and the provider will usually give a note explaining the reason for the visit , tests , or procedure / surgery , which should include the names and titles of the participating personnel,

532-494: Is called inpatient care . The admission to the hospital involves the production of an admission note . The leaving of the hospital is officially termed discharge , and involves a corresponding discharge note , and sometimes an assessment process to consider ongoing needs. In the English National Health Service this may take the form of "Discharge to Assess" - where the assessment takes place after

570-407: Is provided to those regions' vast rural areas by mobile health clinics or roadside dispensaries , some of which integrate traditional medicine . In India these traditional clinics provide ayurvedic medicine and unani herbal medical practice. In each of these countries, traditional medicine tends to be a hereditary practice. The function of clinics differs from country to country. For instance,

608-795: The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , quickly appointed Adolf Meyer as the director of the clinic, a renowned psychiatrist at the time. Before the founding of the Phipps Psychiatric Clinic in Baltimore, Maryland, patients with severe mental disorders often went to Bellevue Hospital in New York City and to the Blockley Hospital in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania . Because there were only

646-619: The Latin word patiens , the present participle of the deponent verb , patior , meaning 'I am suffering,' and akin to the Greek verb πάσχειν ( paskhein , to suffer) and its cognate noun πάθος ( pathos ). This language has been construed as meaning that the role of patients is to passively accept and tolerate the suffering and treatments prescribed by the healthcare providers, without engaging in shared decision-making about their care. An outpatient (or out-patient )

684-602: The Tuberculosis Clinic, philanthropist Henry Phipps asked Dr. William Welch if there were any other departments that needed assistance. A book called A Mind That Found Itself by Clifford Whittingham Beers inspired Welch to request an investment so Johns Hopkins could become a leader in psychiatry. Phipps agreed to donate $ 1.5 million to start the Henry Phipps Psychiatric Clinic at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. A man named Adolf Meyer,

722-526: The English word clinic refers to a general practice , run by one or more general practitioners offering small therapeutic treatments, but it can also mean a specialist clinic. Some clinics retain the name "clinic" even while growing into institutions as large as major hospitals or becoming associated with a hospital or medical school . The word clinic derives from Ancient Greek κλίνειν klinein meaning to slope, lean or recline. Hence κλίνη klinē

760-589: The center, and especially that patients themselves are heard loud and clear within health services. There are many reasons for why health services should listen more to patients. Patients spend more time in healthcare services than regulators or quality controllers, and can recognize problems such as service delays, poor hygiene, and poor conduct. Patients are particularly good at identifying soft problems, such as attitudes, communication, and 'caring neglect', that are difficult to capture with institutional monitoring. One important way in which patients can be placed at

798-627: The centre of healthcare, when institutional procedures and targets eclipse local concerns, then patient neglect is possible. Incidents, such as the Stafford Hospital scandal , Winterbourne View hospital abuse scandal and the Veterans Health Administration controversy of 2014 have shown the dangers of prioritizing cost control over the patient experience. Investigations into these and other scandals have recommended that healthcare systems put patient experience at

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836-539: The clinic's outpatient dispensary . Invited by Meyer to join the clinic, William Horsely Gantt came over from Ivan Petrovich Pavlov's laboratory in Leningrad and became the founder and the director of the Pavlovian Laboratory from 1930 to 1964. Gantt initiated a program investigating the nervous disturbances in dogs by combining a physiological method with a psychiatric problem. By the time Meyer retired,

874-424: The coast became "artificial" communities, and due to lack of traditional home healing practices here, alternative methods such as mobile clinics had to be implemented in these communities for the protection and prevention of diseases. A study done in rural Namibia revealed the health changes of orphans, vulnerable children and non-vulnerable children (OVC) visiting a mobile clinic where health facilities are far from

912-506: The countries of Central and Eastern Europe (often using a mixed Soviet-German model), as well as in former Soviet republics such as Russia and Ukraine; and in many countries across Asia and Africa. In Europe, especially in the Central and Eastern Europe, bigger outpatient health centers, commonly in cities and towns, are called policlinics (derived from the word polis, not from poly-). Recent Russian governments have attempted to replace

950-414: The country which will benefit about 33 lakh (3.3 million) ex-servicemen residing in remote and far-flung areas. Policlinics are also the backbone of Cuba's primary care system and have been credited with a role in improving that nation's health indicators. Providing health services through mobile clinics provides accessible healthcare services to these remote areas that have yet to make their way in

988-510: The extremities). More procedures are being performed in a surgeon 's office, termed office-based surgery , rather than in a hospital-based operating room . An inpatient (or in-patient ), on the other hand, is "admitted" to stay in a hospital overnight or for an indeterminate time, usually, several days or weeks, though in some extreme cases, such as with coma or persistent vegetative state , patients can stay in hospitals for years, sometimes until death . Treatment provided in this fashion

1026-573: The medical field: for example, legal clinics are run by lawyers .) Some clinics are operated in-house by employers, government organizations, or hospitals, and some clinical services are outsourced to private corporations which specialize in providing health services. In China , for example, owners of such clinics do not have formal medical education. There were 659,596 village clinics in China in 2011. Health care in India , China , Russia and Africa

1064-400: The need arises. Large outpatient clinics vary in size, but can be as large as hospitals. Typical large outpatient clinics house general medical practitioners (GPs) such as doctors and nurses to provide ambulatory care and some acute care services but lack the major surgical and pre- and post-operative care facilities commonly associated with hospitals. Besides GPs, if a clinic is

1102-415: The next few decades. After several years of construction, the clinic finally opened on April 16, 1913. In between the years 1914–1917, the 1,897 patients admitted reflected a wide range of cultural and economic diversity. This resulted from the clinic's mission and expectation to serve the urban and impoverished population surrounding it. Forty-nine percent of its patients were local, a process facilitated by

1140-485: The old procedures such as frontal lobotomy and insulin shocks became outdated and new techniques began to emerge. Under each new director, the clinic maintained the overall philosophy of a behavioral approach to psychiatry while also incorporating the modern advancements such as psychopharmacology . The clinic has revolutionized the Western view of psychology by adopting novel models based on evolutionary principles over

1178-425: The patient has gone home. Misdiagnosis is the leading cause of medical error in outpatient facilities. When the U.S. Institute of Medicine 's groundbreaking 1999 report, To Err Is Human , found up to 98,000 hospital patients die from preventable medical errors in the U.S. each year, early efforts focused on inpatient safety. While patient safety efforts have focused on inpatient hospital settings for more than

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1216-411: The patient's name and date of birth , signature of informed consent , estimated pre-and post-service time for history and exam (before and after), any anesthesia , medications or future treatment plans needed, and estimated time of discharge absent any (further) complications . Treatment provided in this fashion is called ambulatory care . Sometimes surgery is performed without the need for

1254-555: The policlinic model introduced during Soviet times with a more western model. However, this has failed. In the Czech Republic , many policlinics were privatized or leasehold and decentralized in the post-communist era: some of them are just lessors and coordinators of a healthcare provided by private doctor's offices in the policlinic building. India has also set up huge numbers of polyclinics for former defense personnel. The network envisages 426 polyclinics in 343 districts of

1292-528: The politicized space. For example, mobile clinics have proved helpful in dealing with new settlement patterns in Costa Rica. Before foreign aid organizations or the state government became involved in healthcare, Costa Rica's people managed their own health maintenance and protection. People relied on various socio-cultural adaptations and remedies to prevent illnesses, such as personal hygiene and settlement patterns. When new settlements that sprang up along

1330-445: The remote villages. Over 6 months, information on immunization status, diagnosis of anemia, skin and intestinal disorders, nutrition, dental disorders was collected and showed that visits to mobile clinics improved the overall health of children that visited regularly. It concluded that specified "planning of these programs in areas with similarly identified barriers may help correct the health disparities among Namibian OVC and could be

1368-472: The term resident is generally used in lieu of patient . Similarly, those receiving home health care are called clients . The doctor–patient relationship has sometimes been characterized as silencing the voice of patients. It is now widely agreed that putting patients at the centre of healthcare by trying to provide a consistent, informative and respectful service to patients will improve both outcomes and patient satisfaction. When patients are not at

1406-457: The term is now also heavily used for people attending hospitals for day surgery. Because of concerns such as dignity , human rights and political correctness , the term "patient" is not always used to refer to a person receiving health care. Other terms that are sometimes used include health consumer , healthcare consumer , customer or client . However, such terminology may be offensive to those receiving public health care , as it implies

1444-456: The years. Clinic A clinic (or outpatient clinic or ambulatory care clinic ) is a health facility that is primarily focused on the care of outpatients . Clinics can be privately operated or publicly managed and funded. They typically cover the primary care needs of populations in local communities, in contrast to larger hospitals which offer more specialized treatments and admit inpatients for overnight stays. Most commonly,

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