65-499: Download coordinates as: Pimpama is a northern suburb in the City of Gold Coast , Queensland , Australia. The name is of Aboriginal origin. The suburb contains numerous schools with the first opening in the 1870s. A small farming community grew in the area from the 1860s. It was once a stop for Cobb and Co coach services. Pimpama was the location of the state's first sawmill . Growing arrowroot had become popular from as early as
130-464: A selection . The builder was Alexander Fortune of Coomera who had himself been granted 880 acres of crown land for pastoral use. In January 1884, he obtained title to portions 21 & 31, and embarked on substantial improvements to the property, which he had named Laurel Hill. A fine new house, erected for the Dohertys by Coomera builder Alexander Fortune, was completed by late January 1884. [This
195-545: A special education program. Suburbs and localities (Australia) Suburbs and localities are the names of geographic subdivisions in Australia , used mainly for address purposes. The term locality is used in rural areas, while the term suburb is used in urban areas. Australian postcodes closely align with the boundaries of localities and suburbs. This Australian usage of the term "suburb" differs from common American and British usage, where it typically means
260-546: A Cobb & Co Ltd stagecoach service with Charles Cole, operating between Port Elizabeth and the new diamond fields at Kimberley . He died at Port Elizabeth in 1878. Through the later 19th century travel by Cobb & Co coach was increasingly romanticized in literature but when Henry Lawson wrote the famous poem forewarning of its demise; The Lights of Cobb & Co in 1897, the days of coaching were already coming to an end in Victoria and New South Wales and Australia
325-565: A bar and a small restaurant. Extensive and intensive urban development came to Pimpama in the first decade of the 21st century, as a result of planning that had started ten years earlier. In 1995, the City of Gold Coast Council (GCCC) and the Queensland Government collaborated in staging "The Coomera Charrette Planning Study". By that year, there was general agreement between the Commonwealth Government ,
390-556: A dozen farms in the Yatala, Pimpama, Ormeau and Nerang districts, were supplying almost the whole of the arrowroot used in Australia. Doherty Brothers of Hotham Creek and Robert Doherty of Ormeau, with together approximately 100 acres (0.40 km) under arrowroot [or 50% of the total 200 acres (0.81 km) under arrowroot in these districts], were among the largest arrowroot growers/producers in Australia. The Willowvale arrowroot mill
455-725: A former employee, kept the Cobb & Co name as his Surat store business name until his death in 1955. Following a legal case and settlement with Studdert, the Cobb & Co name was acquired by the Redmans Transport company of Toowoomba , run by Bill Bolton MBE (1905–1973). Bolton also collected and preserved several Cobb & Co. horse-drawn coaches, now in the Toowoomba-based museum. The 598-kilometre (372 mi) Cobb Highway in western New South Wales commemorates Cobb & Co. Only one Concord or "Jack" coach of
520-470: A mechanical processing method which revolutionised the production of arrowroot, and marketing arrowroot under their own brand. The Pimpama selectors of the 1870s, searching for a new commercial crop, discovered that the climate, soil, and abundance of pure water in the Pimpama district were ideal for the cultivation and manufacture of arrowroot. Arrowroot gave about the same return as maize or potatoes, but
585-544: A monopoly on major mail contracts. By 1870 most of Victoria was serviced by a network of coach routes. In 1860, Cobb & Co introduced its massive "Leviathan" coach on the Geelong-Ballarat service. Built in Ballarat by Morgan's coach works, "Leviathan" could accommodate up to sixty passengers and was drawn by a team of eight horses. The interior was fitted with five benches, and included a ladies' compartment in
650-431: A number of original Cobb & Co stagecoaches still exist in varying states of preservation. Often repainted in the 20th century, the provenance of some is now difficult to determine. These include: The Cobb & Co Festival (Australia's Last Run) was held on 16–25 August 2024, celebrating 100 years since the last horse-drawn stagecoach service from Surat to Yuleba on 14 August 1924. An estimated 20,000 people attended
715-539: A number of owners, Cobb & Co rose to greater prominence after 1861 when it was bought by a consortium of partners led by another North American, James Rutherford , who like Cobb had arrived during the gold rush. Rutherford's partners included Alexander William Robertson, John Wagner, Walter Russell Hall , William Franklin Whitney and Walter Bradley. Rutherford re-organised and extended the Victorian services and won
SECTION 10
#1732787788363780-461: A result of this, two hotels were built on either side of Hotham Creek, neither of which remain today. The route was extended to Nerang in 1882. The first commercial arrowroot in Pimpama was grown in the late 1860s, and the Lahey family, who moved to Pimpama in 1870 and eventually took up Sunnyside, adjoining William Doherty on Hotham Creek, went into arrowroot cultivation on a large scale, inventing
845-534: A smaller, frequently separate residential community outside, but close to, a larger city. The Australian usage is closer to the American or British use of "district" or "neighbourhood", and can be used to refer to any portion of a city. Unlike the use in British or American English, this term can include inner-city, outer-metropolitan and industrial areas. Localities existed in the past as informal units, but in 1996
910-483: A total of around 10,000 miles a week. A large coachworks was established at Charleville in 1886. It turned out a variety of vehicles including over 120 coaches. In 1871, the formal links between the Victorian Cobb & Co (taken over by Robertson and Wagner) and Rutherford's New South Wales and Queensland operation were finally dissolved, although harmonious relations continued. In Victoria coaches carrying
975-482: Is a working farm located in the township. It is home to a variety of animals, as well as a kiosk. The Le Mans complex contains Australia's only Zorb course, as well as a go-kart track. Gainsborough Greens, a golf course is also located in the suburb. Another golf course, Pacific Springs was partly demolished to make way for the Pacific Motorway upgrade in the early 2000s. Remains of the course, as well as
1040-403: Is anchored by Aldi, Coles and Best & Less alongside over 60 speciality shops. Pimpama came to prominence on 12 October 2020 when Shane Bowden , the former Olympic cyclist and Mongols Motorcycle Club bikie, was shot dead in the driveway of his family home. In the 2016 census , Pimpama had a population of 9,396 people. At the 2021 census , Pimpama had a population of 24,601. The suburb
1105-498: Is experiencing the highest growth rate of any suburb outside of capital cities in Australia. Pimpama has a number of heritage-listed sites, including: For the twenty years prior to 2010 most of the population of Pimpama was concentrated in the Canowindra estate, located in the north of the suburb. This estate, first developed in the 1980s is often referred to as a suburb itself. Hawthorne Woods, an estate built since 2000 across
1170-406: Is split between the City of Newcastle and City of Lake Macquarie LGAs; and Woodville , which is split between the City of Maitland and Port Stephens Council LGAs. In unincorporated areas , localities are declared by the relevant state authority. Cobb %26 Co Cobb & Co was the name used by several independent Australian coach businesses. The first company to use 'Cobb & Co'
1235-538: Is the last remaining rural town on the Pacific Motorway between Brisbane and the Gold Coast. It has a large area of undeveloped land. With the urban development of the region, Pimpama's population has had rapid growth, increasing by 92%. The Pimpama River marks the northern boundary of the suburb, which flows from the Darlington Range at Kingsholme down to Moreton Bay . Hotham Creek also flows through
1300-463: Is understood to be the existing Laurel Hill Farmhouse.] Fortune, resident in the Coomera district by 1872, was a carpenter by trade, and had erected Coomera State School and an Anglican church at upper Coomera. At Laurel Hill, William Doherty raised cattle and grew various crops. By 1884 he had between 40 and 50 acres (200,000 m) under arrowroot, and erected his own factory in the first half of
1365-1149: The Intergovernmental Committee on Surveying and Mapping and the Committee for Geographical Names in Australasia (CGNA) decided to name and establish official boundaries for all localities and suburbs. There has subsequently been a process to formally define their boundaries and to gazette them, which is almost complete. In March 2006, only South Australia and the Northern Territory had not completed this process. The CGNA's Gazetteer of Australia recognises two types of locality: bounded and unbounded. Bounded localities include towns, villages, populated places, local government towns and unpopulated town sites, while unbounded localities include place names, road corners and bends, corners, meteorological stations, ocean place names and surfing spots. Sometimes, both localities and suburbs are referred to collectively as "address localities". In
SECTION 20
#17327877883631430-649: The Logan and Coomera Rivers , including upper Hotham Creek (a tributary of Pimpama River ), as Pimpama run. A small settlement was established on the Pimpama River c. 1860, but the site was abandoned within a few years in preference to Hotham Creek. Much of Pimpama run was thrown open for selection from April 1869, and White forfeited his remaining leasehold on Pimpama from 1 January 1870. The private subdivision and sale in February 1870 of town and farm lots at
1495-476: The 1880s. By 1908, the region's arrowroot crop supplied the whole country. More recently the suburb has experienced high rates of housing development due to the availability of land and proximity to the motorway. In the 2021 census , Pimpama had a population of 24,601 people. Pimpama is located on the Pacific Motorway 29.5 kilometres (18.3 mi) north of Surfers Paradise. The township of Pimpama
1560-627: The 1970s that had created wide many 2-5 hectare parcels, thought to be useless for anything except further subdivision into much smaller lots. The innovative Charrette method, never before used in Queensland, assembled everyone who at that time had an interest in the development of the area. Participants included local residents and landowners; clubs and associations; land developers; state and federal officials representing road and railway authorities; GCCC personnel involved in planning, sewerage, water, traffic and so on, and many others. The intention
1625-644: The Bathurst district in the seven months after the company established itself there. Tom Roberts , a key member of the Heidelberg School , painted " Bailed Up " near Inverell in 1895 modelling the figures on "local townspeople including (Cobb & Co) stagecoach driver 'Silent Bob Bates' who had been held up by local bushranger Captain Thunderbolt three decades earlier." Cobb & Co's operations across Australia were eventually superseded by
1690-496: The Dohertys] to Thomas, and Pimpama to Robert. On 24 January 1889, the old South Coast railway line opened from Beenleigh to Southport. Pimpama was served by Pimpama railway station ( 27°48′55″S 153°17′32″E / 27.8152°S 153.2921°E / -27.8152; 153.2921 ( Pimpama railway station (former) ) ). The line and the station closed on 30 June 1964. By 1908, Queensland farmers on about
1755-503: The Pimpama district by August 1870, when William Doherty signed a local petition calling for a provisional school to be established in the area. It is not known where in Pimpama the Doherty family lived at this period, but William Doherty worked on a number of local sugar plantations and farms before taking up his own selections in the mid-1870s. From about 1868, Pimpama was the terminus of Cobb & Co Coach services from Brisbane. As
1820-614: The Queensland Government, and the GCCC that in the northern part of the territory administered by the GCCC a new urban area should be created, involving a new city centre based at Coomera, in what had previously been mainly rural land. This proposal bore similarities to the earlier Robina project in the south, and a justification was that in large parts of the Pimpama/Coomera area there had been rural subdivisions in
1885-504: The body of the vehicle, providing passengers with greater comfort on the rough country roads when compared to coaches with traditional steel-springs. In May 1856, the four partners sold out. Cobb and Lamber returned to the US while Swanton continued in coaching for a few more years. John Peck stayed in Melbourne, eventually establishing a stock and station agency. Passing through the hands of
1950-738: The company made an effort to transition to automobiles in the early 20th century, high overhead costs and the growth of alternative transport options for mail, including rail and air, saw the final demise of Cobb & Co. The last Australian Cobb & Co stagecoach ran in Queensland in August 1924. Cobb & Co has become an established part of Australian folklore commemorated in art, literature and on screen. Parallels may be drawn between Australia's Cobb & Co and America’s Wells Fargo stagecoach services, both of which played similar and important roles in their respective countries' histories. Today,
2015-472: The consolidation of large parcels. One of the leading developers to emerge in Pimpama was Mirvac Ltd ., who acquired a very large tract running along the northern side of Yawalpah Road practically for its entire length (at the time) including the Gainsborough Greens golf course and several farms. Significant construction works moved ahead in and around Coomera (which had sewerage connections to
Pimpama, Queensland - Misplaced Pages Continue
2080-466: The end of his days, becoming one of the city's leading citizens. Rutherford established a Cobb & Co buggy and coachworks in Bathurst, and the firm also began to invest in properties — the first being "Buckiinguy" station near Nyngan , New South Wales. On the road, Cobb & Co began buying out or forcing out many New South Wales competitors. In 1865 Cobb & Co again expanded, this time into Queensland. The first Cobb & Co service in Queensland
2145-500: The existing Coombabah facility) but similar activity in Pimpama had to await environmental studies associated with the construction of the Pimpama Waste Water Treatment Plant, which was not begun until 2006. The completion of Stage 1 late in 2008, with associated trunk sewers, signalled the launch of a spate of housing subdivisions. Pimpama is home to a few tourist attractions. The Strawberry Farm
2210-584: The expansion of railway networks, the arrival of cheap, reliable automobiles and the emergence of air mail. In 1920, the Charleville coachworks closed and by 1921, Cobb & Co in Queensland had lost most of its mail contracts running out of Charleville. The company also had a vast amount of debt due to over-expansion into industries like wool. Rutherford had died in 1911 the same year the Company approved its first purchase of motor vehicles. In New South Wales
2275-438: The first instance, decisions about the names and boundaries of suburbs and localities are made by the local council in which they are located based on criteria such as community recognition. Local council decisions are, however, subject to approval by the state's geographical names board. The boundaries of some suburbs and localities overlap two or more local government areas (LGAs). Examples of this are Adamstown Heights , which
2340-547: The front. There were a further seven benches on the roof. In June 1862, Rutherford oversaw the extension of the business into New South Wales following news of the Lambing Flat gold rush . Rutherford moved ten coaches from Bendigo to Bathurst with great publicity to announce and establish Cobb & Co's presence. Bathurst became the headquarters of a new syndicate led by Rutherford and four others. Rutherford had intended to spend 6 months in Bathurst, but stayed on to
2405-409: The importation of several US-built wagons and Concord stagecoaches . By early 1854, Cobb & Co operated a daily service to Forest Creek and Bendigo and, soon afterwards, expanded the service to Geelong , as well as other goldfields such as Ballarat . Cobb & Co's horses were changed at stages every 10–15 miles along a stagecoach "line" often at inns or hotels that could also cater for
2470-756: The junction of the Pimpama River and Hotham Creek, consolidated Pimpama township and initiated a small farming community of mostly Irish settlers. In the 1860s, farmers along the Pimpama River experimented firstly with cotton growing , then with sugar, both of which initially were dependent on South Pacific Islands labour. The first sawmill in South East Queensland was built at Pimpama in 1863 by Jesse Daniells. Irish-born settlers William Doherty and his wife Eliza Fannon had arrived in Queensland by September 1867. It appears that they were Residents in Brisbane until November 1869 at least, but had moved to
2535-471: The land as leasehold . Pimpama State School opened on 15 April 1872. In October 1874, Doherty selected portion 21, parish of Pimpama (158 acres (0.64 km) of second class pastoral land on Hotham Creek, on which Laurel Hill Farmhouse was later built). The block already contained some improvements, including a slab barn and a small humpy , and about 12 acres (49,000 m) of scrub cleared and partly under cultivation, for which Doherty paid £20, and
2600-470: The last coach probably ran on the Hebel - Goodooga - Brewarrina routes in 1913 while the last coach ran in Victoria from Casterton to Mount Gambier in 1916. Australia's last horse-drawn stagecoach service was run by Cobb & Co from Surat to Yuleba in Queensland on 14 August 1924. With the rapid decline in wool prices in 1929, Cobb & Co Queensland finally went into liquidation. Gordon Studdert,
2665-434: The lease to portion 151, an 84-acre (340,000 m) block which abutted the eastern boundary of portion 21. By December 1876, the main Pimpama sugar plantations (Ormeau, Malungmavel, Pimpama and Yahwulpah) had ceased production, and were devoted either to cattle or arrowroot, but some smaller farms in the district continued with sugar growing for several decades. Podinga Provisional School opened on 5 August 1878. In 1892 it
Pimpama, Queensland - Misplaced Pages Continue
2730-413: The local community, involved in church and civic affairs. William Doherty was a trustee of Pimpama School of Arts and served as a councillor on Coomera Divisional Board from c1887 to c1889. His son Thomas later became chairman of Coomera Shire . Some changes to the farmhouse were made during the Doherty family's occupation. There is evidence of minor re-arrangement of internal partition walls, and
2795-525: The local government boundaries of the City of Gold Coast , City of Logan , Scenic Rim Regional Council and the Tweed River Valley. The name Pimpama is reportedly derived from Bundjalung language (Yugumbir dialect), pim pim ba or bim bim ba , meaning place of soldier (mickey) birds . Much of the Pimpama district had been taken up in the 1850s by William Duckett White of Beau Desert Station, who leased 20,000 acres (81 km) between
2860-420: The motorway from the township also contained a large portion of the population. At this time the hamlet of Pimpama consisted of a general store surrounded by a handful of homes. Some employment was offered by a large sawmill and hardware business, and by the ambulance training station serving the Pacific Motorway. The owners of the general store, Jenny Houston and her son Robert, had enlarged the property to include
2925-463: The name "Cobb & Co" were operated by four local coaching firms running particular routes by mutual agreement and cooperation. In time, successive operators of the various Victorian stagecoach lines would continue to use the trading name Cobb & Co. In the 1870s, the fare for the 460km journey from Dalby to Roma in Queensland , was about £ 5 per day with an additional two shillings and sixpence (£-/2/6) for each meal and bed. A driver's wage
2990-580: The name 'Cobb & Co' is used by a number of Australian bus operators. The original Cobb & Co was established in Melbourne in 1853 at the height of the excitement created by the Victorian goldrushes by four newly arrived Americans – Freeman Cobb , John Murray Peck, James Swanton and John B. Lamber. At first they traded as the "American Telegraph Line of Coaches", a name that emphasized speed and progressiveness. With financial support from another newly arrived US businessman George Train , they arranged
3055-422: The name Cobb & Co has come to represent the pioneering spirit, a willingness to battle against the odds, to reliably connect far-flung communities." Carrying cash and gold, coaches were famously a regular target of bushrangers . Everingham notes that Cobb & Co's expansion into New South Wales coincided with an increase in the number of armed hold-ups by bushrangers . At least nine coaches were attacked in
3120-531: The needs of drivers and passengers. As historian Susan Priestley notes, "Coach lines did not attempt to compete with... railways. Instead, as rail lines extended, coaches were transferred to feeder routes and were timetabled to link in with trains." Within a few years, Cobb & Co had established a reputation for efficiency, speed and reliability, although they had not won any of the lucrative mail contracts. Their imported Concord stagecoaches used thorough-brace technology, on which thick straps of leather suspended
3185-1104: The staircase to the attic has been removed and the stairwell enclosed, possibly in the 1920s. The ceiling linings in several of the rooms may date to the 1920s also. The original kitchen wing reputedly burnt down in the late 1920s, and was replaced with the present kitchen building. From 1930 onwards, there was a move toward dairy farming in the Pimpama/ Willow Vale region; more recently these farms were used for fattening cattle. Lutheran Ormeau Rivers District School opened on 23 January 2006. Pimpama State Secondary College opened 1 January 2013. A Woolworths supermarket opened on 5 July 2014. Pimpama State Primary College opened 1 January 2015. King's Christian College opened its second campus in Pimpama in 2015; their first campus opened at Reedy Creek in 1980 and their third campus opened in Chambers Flat in 2020. Pimpama City Shopping Centre opened in September 2018 and
3250-589: The street formerly accessing the course still exist, west of the Hotham Creek crossing of the motorway. Pimpama State School is a government primary (Prep-6) school for boys and girls at 9 Hotham Creek Road North ( 27°49′02″S 153°16′43″E / 27.8171°S 153.2785°E / -27.8171; 153.2785 ( Pimpama State School ) ). In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 639 students with 48 teachers (42 full-time equivalent) and 24 non-teaching staff (13 full-time equivalent). It includes
3315-528: The suburb and meets with Pimpama River to the north-east of the suburb. Yugembah (also known as Yugumbir, Jugambel, Jugambeir, Jugumbir, Jukam, Jukamba) is one of the Australian Aboriginal languages in areas that include the Beenleigh , Beaudesert , Gold Coast, Logan, Scenic Rim , Albert River , Coolangatta , Coomera , Logan River , Pimpama, Tamborine and Tweed River Valley, within
SECTION 50
#17327877883633380-586: The type imported from the United States by Cobb & Co in the 1850s and 1860s survives. According to Deborah Tranter, while Australian built stagecoaches utilized the thorough-brace technology found on the Concord coach, they were generally smaller, lighter, straighter in line and had less room for passengers than the US coaches. Coaches built at the Charleville coachworks were generally designed for either 8 or 14 passengers. In addition to reproductions,
3445-492: The year. Remnants of this mill survive. Before the turn of the century, he purchased Pimpama Plantation at Ormeau, [approximately 1,150 acres (4.7 km) which he used for grazing purposes], and c1901 acquired Sunnyside, the Lahey family's substantial arrowroot plantation adjacent to Laurel Hill on Hotham Creek. Following William Doherty's death in 1904, the properties were divided between his three sons: Laurel Hill went to William Alexander [Alex], Sunnyside [renamed Willowvale by
3510-485: Was Professor Paul Murrain, a highly regarded English urban planning consultant who was imported for the occasion and proved an inspirational speaker. The Charrette process sent a signal to anyone who was paying attention that in due course there would indeed be large-scale rezoning in the Pimpama district. Land developers (the word speculator is also applicable) moved in and a great many properties changed hands before any official rezoning took place, in many cases leading to
3575-414: Was an increasingly urbanised society. The nationalistic art, music and writing of late 19th-century Australia romanticized a pioneering rural or " bush myth" and Cobb & Co with its colourful drivers and managers easily fell into this tradition. Writer Sam Everingham also notes that Cobb & Co was "the first great home grown service provider Australia had known... Born out of the country's gold rushes,
3640-442: Was between Ipswich and Brisbane . In 1868, a service between Brisbane and Gympie commenced, running twice a week. Services soon expanded into all parts of Queensland and otherwise isolated communities were able to maintain regular contact with the rest of the world. In 1881 the business was transferred to a limited liability company with a capital of £50,000. The largest transport enterprise in Queensland it ran some 3000 horses
3705-598: Was established in 1853 by American Freeman Cobb and his partners. The name grew to great prominence in the late 19th century, when it was carried by many stagecoaches carrying passengers and mail to various Australian goldfields, and later to regional and remote areas of the Australian outback . The same name was used in New Zealand and Freeman Cobb used it in South Africa. Although the Queensland branch of
3770-613: Was in the vicinity of £10 to £14 per week, with free meals. In the separate colony of South Australia an independent Cobb & Co Limited took over the South Australian mail and coach business of William Rounsevell in 1866 after several years of ruinous competition. Its ownership was held by four interests of a quarter each. One quarter by Canadians, Peleg Whitford Jackson & Jasper Bingham Meggs; one quarter by Fuller, Hill & Co; one quarter by Joseph Darwent and one quarter by Rounsevell's son Ben Rounsevell . This business
3835-428: Was issued with a conditional lease on the property for 10 years from 1 January 1875. At the same time he selected the adjoining portion 31 [135 acres], on which existing improvements comprised a bark-roofed barn, a small slab house , some cleared scrub and a small stockyard. It appears that the Dohertys resided on portion 31 from October 1874 until mid-1879, when they moved to portion 21. In 1879, Doherty also acquired
3900-439: Was more frost , drought and flood resistant. By 1884, arrowroot was widely grown in the Pimpama and Coomera districts, and a number of new manufacturing plants were being established. Most of the selections along upper Hotham Creek were surveyed in 1871, but not proclaimed for selection until August 1874. In the interim, many farmers were ' squatting ' on these selections, with no guarantee that they would ultimately secure
3965-594: Was moved further downstream on Hotham Creek, closer to the Pacific Highway at Pimpama, and continued production until the mid-1930s. Alex Doherty at Laurel Hill turned to dairying in the early 1920s before retiring to the Gold Coast c1947. Subsequently, the property was purchased by the Miles family of Pimpama, with title to Laurel Hill transferred in 1950. Members of this family resided in the house until mid-October 1997. The Doherty family were prominent members of
SECTION 60
#17327877883634030-461: Was over 5,000 hectares, comprising at the time 1207 separate rateable properties in 603 different ownerships. The GCCC Local Area Plans that flowed eventually from the Charrette - pretty closely following its recommendations - comprised one of the largest re-zonings in south-east Queensland, intended to house 66,000 people. It was held during the week of 28 June to 3 July 1995. The Charrette leader
4095-497: Was renamed Ormeau Provisional School. On 1 January it became Ormeau State School. Laurel Hill Farmhouse, a single-storeyed timber farm house with attic, was erected in 1883-84 for Pimpama arrowroot grower and manufacturer, William Doherty. Laurel Hill Farmhouse was one of the finest residences in the area, being photographed in 1897 by the Queensland Lands Department as a model example of a Queensland home on
4160-545: Was taken over by John Hill and Company and years later was merged into Graves, Hill & Co. Such was the renown of Cobb & Co that the name was also used on coaches operating beyond Australia. Charles Cole, and Henry and Charles Hoyt, who had operated coaches in Victoria, started businesses using the same name in New Zealand in 1863 and, very briefly, in Japan in 1868. Although he never returned to Australia, Freeman Cobb took his family to South Africa in 1871 to establish
4225-400: Was that this diverse group would be put into a ‘ pressure cooker ’ environment for a week, charged with coming up with overall concept plans for further consideration by the various authorities. It was purely a study, with no executive power . The Charrette zone straddled the Pacific Highway, with its northern boundary on Hotham Creek and southern boundary on the Coomera river. The total area
#362637