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63-539: Pind Dadan Khan ( P.D. Khan ), a city in Jhelum District , Punjab, Pakistan, is the capital of Pind Dadan Khan Tehsil , which is an administrative subdivision of the district. It is located at 32°35'16N 73°2'44E on the bank of River Jhelum , about 24 kilometres east from the M2 motorway and 85 kilometres from jhelum . Pind Dadan Khan lies 6 km south of Khewra Salt Mine (or Mayo Salt Mine), 24 km east of
126-583: A Buddhist stupa near the village of Tope Mankiala, in the Pothohar region of Pakistan 's Punjab province. The stupa was built to commemorate the spot, where according to the Jataka tales , an incarnation of the Buddha called Prince Sattva sacrificed himself to feed seven hungry tiger cubs. Mankiala stupa's relic deposits were discovered by Jean-Baptiste Ventura in 1830. The relics were then removed from
189-400: A Persian water wheel at the villages of Kantrili , Nathwala, and Jada near the suburban town of Kala Gujran . Tent pegging also known as neza bazi which indicates the region's prowess during war and battle and hence the city has attributed the name of the land of martyrs and warriors. Zamir Jaffri Cricket Stadium near Suleiman Park is named after Zamir Jafri , a poet from Jhelum. Hockey
252-552: A major tourist attraction, drawing up to 40,000 visitors a year. Its history dates back to its discovery by Alexander's troops in 320 BC, but it started trading in the Mughal era. The main tunnel at ground level was developed by Dr. H. Warth, a mining engineer, in 1872 during British rule. After independence , the Pakistan Mineral Development Corporation took over the mine, which still remains
315-461: A new area for exploitation of hydrocarbon potential (e.g., Meyal Field ). With an estimated production of 5,500 barrels per day, the Ghauri X-1 oil well is expected to be the country’s largest oil-producing well and is likely to start contributing its output to the system by the end of June 2014. Due to low rain fall , extensive deforestation , coal mining , oil and gas exploration, the area
378-613: A pond named Katas which is regarded as sacred by Hindus. The temples' pond is said in the Puranas to have been created from the teardrops of Shiva , after he wandered the Earth inconsolable after the death of his wife Sati . The pond occupies an area of two kanals and 15 marlas, with a maximum depth of 20 feet. The temples play a role in the Hindu epic poem, the Mahābhārata , where
441-445: A village near Pind Dadan Khan, is the place where Abu Rayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad Al-Biruni came and he established a laboratory there which is still present. Alberuni calculated the diameter of earth in that laboratory during his lifetime; now the laboratory needs some interest by the government of Pakistan as it is not looked after and the building is vanishing day by day. If necessary care will not be given soon, there will be no sign of
504-819: Is a plateau in the northern region of Punjab , Pakistan , located between the Indus and Jhelum rivers. Pothohar Plateau is bounded on the east by the Jhelum River , on the west by the Indus River , on the north by the Kala Chitta Range and the Margalla Hills , and on the south by the Salt Range . The southern end of the plateau is bounded by the Thal desert . The 5000 square miles of
567-700: Is an abandoned Hindu temple and monastic complex located on the summit of the Tilla Jogian mountain in the Salt Range of Pakistan 's Punjab province. The complex was the most important centre for Hindu jogis in Punjab prior to 1947, and had housed hundreds of ascetics . The site is also important in Sikhism for its association with the founder of the Sikh faith, Guru Nanak . The Khewra Salt Mine in Khewra
630-503: Is another sport that is common in Jhelum. Vegetation of the forests of Jhelum Forest Division is dry, deciduous shrub type, phulai, Kahu (wild olive), and sanatha are the main species. The stocking, on the whole, is poor and the forests are open. Vegetation is poor on sandstone and red marl. The southern slopes are often devoid of vegetation while northwestern slopes carry good forests. The forests of Jhelum Forests Division are burdened with
693-438: Is becoming devoid of vegetation. Taxila 's archaeological sites lie near modern Taxila about 35 km (22 mi) northwest of the city of Rawalpindi . The sites were first excavated by John Marshall , who worked at Taxila over a period of twenty years from 1913. The vast archaeological site includes neolithic remains dating to 3360 BCE, and Early Harappan remains dating to 2900–2600 BCE at Sarai Kala . Taxila, however,
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#1732772489000756-511: Is found in the Hathial section, which yielded pottery shards that date from as early as the late 2nd millennium BCE to the 6th century BCE. The Bhir Mound ruins at the site date from the 6th century BCE, and are adjacent to Hathial. The ruins of Sirkap date to the 2nd century BCE, and were built by the region's Greco-Bactrian kings who ruled in the region following Alexander the Great's invasion of
819-584: Is most famous for ruins of several settlements, the earliest dating from around 1000 BCE. It is also known for its collection of Buddhist religious monuments, including the Dharmarajika stupa , the Jaulian monastery, and the Mohra Muradu monastery. The main ruins of Taxila include four major cities, each belonging to a distinct time period, at three different sites. The earliest settlement at Taxila
882-727: Is the location of major Pakistani oil fields, the first of which were discovered at Khaur in 1915 and Dhuliān in 1935; the Tut field was discovered in 1968, Missa Keswal was discovered in 1992 and exploration continued in the area in the 1990s. The oil fields are connected by pipeline to the Attock Refinery in Rawalpindi. Major reserves of oil and gas has been discovered at Chak Beli Khan near Rawalpindi in Punjab . A major oil reserve has been discovered near Jhelum in Punjab, opening up
945-598: Is the main city of the district. District is administratively divided into following tehsils : (km²) (2023) (ppl/km²) (2023) (2023) The history of the district dates back to the Hindu mythological period of the Mahabharata . The epic represents the Salt Range as the refuge of the five Pandava brethren during the period of their exile, and every salient point in its scenery is connected with some legend of
1008-451: Is the second largest salt mine in the world. The mine is famous for its production of pink Khewra salt, often marketed as Himalayan salt , and is a major tourist attraction, drawing up to 250,000 visitors a year. Its history dates back to its discovery by Alexander 's troops in 320 BC, but it started trading in the Mughal era . The Manikyala Stupa ( Urdu : مانكياله اسٹوپ ) is
1071-612: The Ghaznavid dynasty empire established by his father, Sultan Sebuktegin , he conquered the Shahis in Kabul in 1005, and followed it by the conquests of northern Punjab region . The Delhi Sultanate and later Mughal Empire ruled the region. The Punjab region became predominantly Muslim due to missionary Sufi saints whose dargahs dot the landscape of Punjab region , which is also reflected in Jhelum. During British rule, Jhelum
1134-590: The Maratha army also camped here during their respective campaigns in the Punjab region . Rohtas was also occasionally used for administrative purposes by Maharaja Ranjit Singh of the Sikh Empire , after he captured it in 1825. Jhelum District has a total area of 858,767 acres (3,475.31 km ), out of which 316,815 acres (1,282.10 km ) are cultivated. The area is located on the eastern part of Potohar upland along with River Jhelum. Agriculture in
1197-623: The Military College Jhelum (MCJ). The 16th-century Grand Trunk Road passes through the city. Jhelum city is near the site of the Battle of the Hydaspes between the armies of Alexander and Porus This battle took place a few miles downstream from the city center, along the river banks. Population of the Jhelum city (proper) is about 172,073 (2009) and it is the 35th largest city of Pakistan by population . A cantonment
1260-584: The University of ancient Taxila is considered to be one of the earliest universities in the world. Because of the extensive preservation efforts and upkeep, Taxila is one of Punjab's popular tourist spots , attracting up to one million tourists every year. During the Mughal Period , the Pothohar was a part of the Subah of Lahore . "The land is beautiful, its scented air is that of spring, and
1323-455: The partition of India , other biradaris including the Khatris , Mohyal Brahmins , and Aroras were also present in large numbers throughout the region. The plateau covers about 7 percent of all the cultivated land of Pakistan and most of it is very fertile, but the region does not have any proper irrigation system, with the agriculture being largely dependent on rainfall. The plateau
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#17327724890001386-533: The second Ice Age , from which remnants of stone and flint tools have been found. The Sivapithecus indicus fossil skull of an extinct ape species was discovered in Potohar plateau. Taxila was the capital city of ancient Gāndhāra , situated on the eastern shore of the Indus River —the pivotal junction of the Indian subcontinent and Central Asia ; it was founded around 1000 BCE. Some ruins at Taxila date to
1449-465: The District Jhelum depends mainly on rainfall. The average rainfall of the area varies from 20 to 40 inches (1,000 mm). About three-fourths of this precipitation is received in monsoon season and the remaining one-fourth is received during the rest of the year. The irrigated area at present is limited but the emphasis on the construction of small dams is gradually increasing. Wheat remains
1512-583: The Indus; those of the opposite slope collect themselves into small torrents and empty themselves into the Jhelum River. The Khewra Salt Mine (or Mayo Salt Mine) is located in Khewra , north of Pind Dadan Khan , an administrative subdivision of Jhelum District, which rises from the Indo-Gangetic Plain . It is Pakistan's largest and oldest salt mine and the world's second largest. It is
1575-481: The Lillah-Toba interchange of M2 motorway and 8 km east north of Pither Nadi. It borders with Khushab, Chakwal, Sargodha and Mandibahudin. The history of the region dates to 326 BC, when Alexandar the Great and his troops camped in the area of Jalalpur Sharif prior to their battle with Raja Pourus. During the regime of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, Pind Dadan Khan was the second most important town after Amritsar and
1638-790: The North-Western railway obtains parts of its supply. These are the only coal mines in Punjab province which are in working condition. The chief center of the salt trade is Pind Dadan Khan . The district is crossed by the main line of the North-Western railway and also traversed along the south by a branch line. It is located in the north of the Punjab province, Jhelum district is bordered by Sargodha and Mandi Bahauddin to its south, Khushab to its southwest, Jhelum River to its south and east, Gujrat to its east, Chakwal to its west, Mirpur to its northeast, and Rawalpindi to its north. The district of Jhelum, which covers an area of 3,587 square kilometres (1,385 sq mi), Jhelum City
1701-462: The Pothwar is an appealing and beautiful garden." The Punjab played a major role in the war effort of World War II , and a large proportion of these soldiers came from the Pothohar as well as the Salt Range . Punjabis are the native people of Pothohar, speaking Punjabi in forms of various dialects . Major dialects or varieties spoken in the region include Pothwari , predominantly spoken in
1764-459: The burning passions of the increasing number of hunters, all have their share in limiting the animal kingdom in the district. The river offers a better environment than elsewhere though the hills support more interesting wildlife. Urial (an animal from a deer family) and chinckara are spot aids while wild boar are found in the Salt Range. Wolves, foxes, and wild cats are also found. Hare is fairly common. Chikor grey and black partridge are also found in
1827-404: The capacity of these local entities to take new initiatives. These community-level organizations, in collaborative partnerships with CHIP, are working on several development projects. The main focus of these projects is to eliminate illiteracy from villages of Sohawa especially those where government education structure does not exist, make clean drinking water available, provide technical support to
1890-511: The crops, bridges, roads, and are responsible for the soil erosion in the District. Over the years, global climate change has affected Jhelum as well as any other place on Earth and below comparison charts from Weatherbase show the difference in climate between 2008 and 2015: In the 2023 census, Jhelum had a population of 1,382,308. As per the 2023 census, Muslims were the predominant religious group with 98.84% while Christians were 1.1% of
1953-485: The expenses of their daily life and very expensive general medical and kidney dialysis treatment. Civil Society Human and Institutional Development Program (CHIP) is working in Sohawa Tehsil since 2004, with its field office in the area CHIP has successfully mobilized community people to get organize into Community Based Organizations, Community Citizen Boards and Women Organizations. Further, CHIP has duly built
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2016-418: The extension of the railway to Khewra have by-passed. In earlier days, brass vessels were made in the town and there was a considerable weaving industry. Embroidered lungis were often sold at high prices. Boat-building was a source of skilled employment, and river boats of Pind Dadan Khan make were in request throughout the whole course of the Jhelum. However, after the construction of Mangla Dam to strengthen
2079-570: The great work by Alberuni. However, skilled artisans have left the area. During the colonial era the town had a high school. Within the city limits of Pind Dadan Khan, there are one government degree college for boys and one government degree college for girls already established and running. There is also one College of Technology in the government sector and has stated admission for three years Diploma course. Classes have started in this college. Many other private colleges are also there. A number of private schools are there to provide quality education to
2142-482: The irrigation system of the country as part of the Indus Basin Project , there is now diminished water flow in the river Jhelum except during the flooded season. Manufactured products included glazed pottery of a deep red color, ornamented with black patterns and remarkably strong and of good quality was a speciality of the town, as well as stout leather riding-whips made after English patterns. Nandana,
2205-504: The largest source of salt in the country, producing more than 350,000 tons per annum of about 99% pure halite . Estimates of the reserves of salt in the mine vary from 82 million tons to 600 million tons. Tilla Jogian is the highest peak in the Eastern Salt Range. At 975 meters (3200 ft) above sea level, it is about 25 km to the west of Jhelum City and 10 km west of the model village of Khukha . The view from
2268-735: The local farmers, raise skill development opportunities for women, and include them in the decision-making process, aiding social inclusion, so as to better represent the communities they live in. The local community-level organizations developed by CHIP are making successful efforts in implementing development projects by deriving funds from local government bodies. 32°56′N 73°44′E / 32.933°N 73.733°E / 32.933; 73.733 Pothohar Plateau North America Oceania The Pothohar Plateau ( Punjabi : پوٹھوار پٹھار , romanized: Pо̄ṭhvār Paṭhār ; Urdu : سطح مرتفع پوٹھوہار , romanized : Satāh Murtafā Pо̄ṭhōhār ), also known as Pothwar ,
2331-624: The locals. The language spoken in Pind Dadan Khan tehsil is Lahnda based Punjabi with blend of many dialects such as Saraiki, Wanhari, Pothohari and Lunhari. There is a railway station. Jhelum District Jhelum District ( Urdu and Punjabi : ضلع جہلم ), is partially in Pothohar Plateau , and partially in Punjab Plain of the Punjab province of Pakistan . Jhelum is one of the oldest districts of Punjab. It
2394-608: The main crop. In Tehsil P.D. Khan, salt is the predominant feature that is spoiling the rich agricultural land day by day. There is a long strip of very rich and virgin soil along the river which could be made a paradise of citrus plantation by drip irrigation if the local people are motivated and the Government of Punjab expressed some interest in it. The main sports of the area are centred on agricultural pursuits and excellence and include bugdar (stone) lifting by young men. A localised version of kabaddi , bull races centered on
2457-534: The minority Hindus and Sikhs migrated to India while the Muslim refugees from India settled in the Jhelum District. Since independence the agriculture and industry of Jhelum developed and forms part of the economy of Pakistan . The district capital, Jhelum City , is situated on the right and left bank of the Jhelum River , the left side of Jhelum is known as Sarai Alamgir and it also contains
2520-440: The mountain region of Rawalpindi to the north, and is lighted up in places by smiling patches of the cultivated valley. The backbone of the district is formed by the Salt Range, a treble line of parallel hills running in three long forks from east to west throughout its whole breadth. The range rises in precipices, broken by gorges, clothed with brushwood, and traversed by streams which are at first clear but become impregnated with
2583-506: The national heroes. Modern research has fixed the site of the conflict between Alexander and Porus as within Jhelum district, though the exact spot at which the Macedonian king affected the passage of the Jhelum (or Hydaspes) has been hotly disputed. The Panhwars, Janjuas and Jats , who now hold the Salt Range and its northern plateau respectively, appear to have been the earliest inhabitants. The Janjuas , who appear to represent
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2646-548: The northern Punjab region, in the 16th century. This fort is about 4 km in circumference. The Rohtas fort was built to crush the local Gakhar tribes of Potohar, who rebelled against the Sur dynasty after the Mughal emperor Humayun was ousted by the former. It took eight years to build the fort, it was captured by Mughal emperor Humayun in 1555. Nader Shah , the Turkic ruler of Persia , Afghan ruler Ahmed Shah Abdali and
2709-473: The northern and central areas of the plateau, with Dhanni being spoken in the southern areas, Majhi in the eastern and Hindko (specifically Ghebi and Chachhi ) in the western areas. Other Punjabi dialects, as well as other languages, are also spoken in major urban centres like Islamabad and Rawalpindi . The major biradaris of the region (Punjabi: برادری) include Rajputs , Jatts , Awans , Janjuas , Gujjars , Khokhars , and Gakhars . Prior to
2772-571: The oldest breed of Punjab and who still inhabit a large tract in the east of the District; while the Awans and Ghakars who cluster in the western plain, are apparently later invaders, the Janjuas were the dominant race during the before and early Muslim era and they long continued to retain their independence until the time of Sikh invaders, both in Jhelum itself and in the neighboring District of Rawalpindi. In 997 CE, Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi , took over
2835-417: The parts of the district. Migratory ducks like teal pintail and mallard and some geese visit during winter. The climate of the tract is extreme. In winter it is very cold and summer is very hot. The average rainfall varies from 48 to 69 m.m per annum which is much below the required quantity but in the rainy season, the water torrents flow from north to the river Jhelum at a very fast speed and cause damages to
2898-468: The plateau range from an average height of 1200 to 1900 feet above the sea level. Sakesar in the Salt Range is the highest mountain of the region and Tilla Jogian is the second highest. The earliest evidence of human habitation in Punjab traces to the Soan valley of the Pothohar, where Soanian culture developed between 774,000 BC and 11,700 BC. This period goes back to the first interglacial period in
2961-413: The population. Languages of Jhelum district (2023) At the time of the 2023 Census of Pakistan , 88.82% of the population spoke Punjabi , 2.73% Pashto and 4.24% Urdu as their first language. The dialects of Punjabi spoken here are Potohari and Majhi . Rehmat Welfare Foundation Jhelum is a charity project working for poor and needy people of fifty-mile area including Jhelum which cannot afford
3024-524: The region in 326 BCE. The third and most recent settlement is that of Sirsukh , which was built by rulers of the Kushan empire, who ruled from nearby Purushapura (modern Peshawar ). Rohtas Fort is a 16th-century fortress located near the city of Jhelum in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The fort is one of the largest and most formidable in the subcontinent . Rohtas Fort was never taken by force, and it has remained remarkably intact. The fortress
3087-534: The residents of the area. Almost 80% of the people are educated. A Tehsil Headquarter Hospital is maintained by the Ministry of Health. There are many private hospitals with almost all the required facilities. Continuing legacy as city of warriors most people of area serve in Pakistan Army.Agriculture and salt are the usual source of income. In addition, two cement factories are a major source of income for
3150-413: The right of grazing, browsing, and firewood. Under settlement out of total area 93,566 acres (378.65 km ) only 5,468 acres (22.13 km ) about (45%) are right free. The remaining 55% are open to grazing. The fauna of the district is mostly indigenous restricted, like the vegetation, but similarly varied and interesting. The rugged and rough terrain, low rainfall, the scantly cover of vegetation, and
3213-408: The saline matter over which they pass. Between the line of hills lies a table-land, in which the small lake of Kallar Kahar nestles amongst the minor ridges. North of the Salt Range, the country extends upwards in an elevated plateau, diversified by a number of ravines and fissures, until it loses itself in tangled masses of Rawalpindi mountains. In this rugged tract, cultivation is rare and difficult,
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#17327724890003276-451: The soil being choked with saline matter. At the foot of the Salt Range, however, a small strip of level soil lies along the banks of the Jhelum and is dotted with prosperous villages. The drainage of the district is determined by a low central watershed running north and south at right angles to the Salt Range. The waters of the western portion find their way into the Sohan , and finally into
3339-565: The temples are traditionally believed to have been the site where the Pandava brothers spent a significant portion of their exile. Rawat Fort is an early 16th century fort in the Pothohar plateau of Pakistan , near the city of Rawalpindi in the province of Punjab . The fort was built to defend the Pothohar plateau from the forces of the Pashtun king Sher Shah Suri . Tilla Jogian
3402-750: The time of the Achaemenid Persian Empire , followed successively by the Maurya Empire , the Indo-Greek Kingdom , the Indo-Scythians , and the Kushan Empire . Owing to its strategic location, Taxila has changed hands many times over the centuries, with many polities vying for its control. When the great ancient trade routes connecting these regions ceased to be important, the city sank into insignificance and
3465-524: The top of Tilla is highly rewarding. Rohtas Fort is located to the east of Tilla Jogian at a distance of about 7 km from Dina , a rapidly expanding town on the Grand Trunk Road . Rohtas Fort (Qila Rohtas) is a historical garrison fort located near the city of Jhelum. It was built by Raja Todar Mal , under the orders of the Afghan king Sher Shah Suri , to subdue the rebellious tribes of
3528-501: Was a district of Rawalpindi Division , and was larger than the current district of Jhelum. On 1 April 1904, the tehsil of Talagang was detached from the District and incorporated with the new District of Attock. According to the Gazetteer of the Jhelum District of 1904, 88.7% of the population were Muslim. The old Jhelum district (minus Talagang) covered an area of 2,813 square miles (7285 km ) and included Chakwal Tehsil – it
3591-408: Was bordered by Shahpur and Attock to the west, and by Rawalpindi to the north – the Jhelum River separated it from Kashmir to the north-east and from Gujrat and Shahpur to the south-east and south. The predominantly Muslim population supported under the leadership of Raja Ghazanfar Ali khan of PD Khan Muslim League and Partition of India . After the independence of Pakistan in 1947,
3654-518: Was built by Raja Todar Mal on the orders of Sher Shah Suri . The fort is known for its large defensive walls and several monumental gateways. Rohtas Fort was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997, as an "exceptional example of the Muslim military architecture of Central and South Asia." The Katas Raj Temples also known as Qila Katas, is a complex of several Hindu temples connected to one another by walkways. The temple complex surrounds
3717-526: Was built during the British rule, which has grown up into a strong Garrison, with an Infantry Division commanded by a Major General. The river Jhelum is navigable throughout the district, which forms the south-eastern portion of a rugged Himalayan spur, extending between the Indus and Jhelum to the borders of the Sind Sagar Doab. Its scenery is very picturesque, although not of so wild a character as
3780-573: Was established on 23 March 1849. Jhelum is known for providing many soldiers to the British and later to the Pakistan armed forces due to which it is also known as 'city of soldiers' or 'land of martyrs and warriors'. The district of Jhelum stretches from the river Jhelum almost to the Indus . Salt is quarried at the Mayo mine in the Salt Range . There are two coal mines in the district from which
3843-470: Was finally destroyed in the 5th century by the invading Hunas . In the 15th century, Pothohar became part of Malik Jasrat 's kingdom who had conquered most of Punjab from the Delhi Sultanate. In mid-19th century British India , ancient Taxila's ruins were rediscovered by British archaeologist Alexander Cunningham . In 1980, UNESCO designated Taxila as a World Heritage Site . By some accounts,
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#17327724890003906-603: Was on the Sind-Sagar branch of the North-Western Railway . The municipality was created in 1867 and most of the income collected by the British authorities was by octroi . The population according to the 1901 census was 13,770. It was formerly the dépot to which salt was brought from the Mayo Mine , from which it was carried across the river to the railway; but the bridging of the Jhelum at Haranpur and
3969-421: Was the largest grain market in the Western Punjab. Prior to Jhelum, Pind Dadan Khan was the District head quarter , however, gradually this magnificent town lost its past glory due to continued neglect and other natural calamities which hit the region form time to time. During British rule, it became the headquarters of the subdivision and tehsil of the same name in the Jhelum District of the British Punjab . It
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