Pranayama ( Sanskrit : प्राणायाम, "Prāṇāyāma") is the yogic practice of focusing on breath. In yoga, breath is associated with prana , thus, pranayama is a means to elevate the prana - shakti , or life energies. Pranayama is described in Hindu texts such as the Bhagavad Gita and the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali . Later in Hatha yoga texts, it meant the complete suspension of breathing. The pranayama practices in modern yoga as exercise are unlike those of the Hatha yoga tradition.
25-580: [REDACTED] Look up sa:प्रणय or pranayama in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Pranayam ( lit. ' affection ' or ' love ' in Indian languages) may refer to: Pranayam (2011 film) , a 2011 Indian Malayalam-language romantic drama film by Blessy Pranayam (2024 film) , a 2024 Indian Kannada-language romantic thriller film by S. Dattatreya Pranayam (TV series) ,
50-486: A 2015 Indian Malayalam-language TV series on Asianet See also [ edit ] Pranay , an Indian male given name Pranayama ( lit. ' life extending ' ), breathing exercises in Yoga Pranayamanithooval , 2002 Indian Malayalam-language film by Thulasidas Pranaya Vilasam , a 2023 Indian Malayalam-language romantic film by Nikhil Muraly Pranaya Meenukalude Kadal ,
75-452: A 2019 Indian Malayalam-language romantic drama film by Kamal Pranayakalam , a 2007 Indian Malayalam-language romantic film directed by Uday Ananthan Pranaya Nilavu , a 1999 Indian Malayalam-language film directed by Vinayan Pranayavarnangal , a 1998 Indian Malayalam-language romantic film directed by Sibi Malayil Pranayavarnangal (TV series) , a 2021 Indian Malayalam-language TV series on Zee Keralam Topics referred to by
100-501: A firmly established yoga practice and then only under the guidance of an experienced Guru. According to Theos Bernard , the ultimate aim of pranayama is the suspension of breathing ( kevala kumbhaka ), "causing the mind to swoon". Paramahansa Yogananda writes, "The real meaning of Pranayama, according to Patanjali, the founder of Yoga philosophy, is the gradual cessation of breathing, the discontinuance of inhalation and exhalation". The yoga scholar Andrea Jain states that pranayama
125-583: A light body and steady mind by regulating breath. Yoga teachers including B. K. S. Iyengar have advised that pranayama should be part of an overall practice that includes the other limbs of Patanjali's Raja Yoga teachings, especially Yama , Niyama , and Asana . The Indian tradition of Hatha yoga makes use of various pranayama techniques. The 15th century Hatha Yoga Pradipika is a key text of this tradition and includes various forms of pranayama such as Kumbhaka breath retention and various body locks ( Bandhas ). Other forms of pranayama breathing include
150-402: A method aimed at stabilizing the mind. The practice involves two primary techniques: exhalation, known as pracchardana , which entails expelling air from the stomach through the nostrils, and retention, known as vidharana , which focuses on the controlled restraint of breath. Pranayama supports advanced practitioners in gaining control over the mind and complements meditation, aiding in achieving
175-506: A role in developing roads and infrastructure, including tramways, in his native district of Howrah . The title of Mahamahopadhyay was conferred as a personal distinction on 16 February 1887, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Queen Victoria, for eminence in oriental learning. It entitled him to take rank in the Durbar immediately after titular Rajas. Mahesh Chandra Nyayratna
200-400: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages pranayama Prāṇāyāma ( Devanagari : प्राणायाम prāṇāyāma ) is a Sanskrit compound. It is defined variously by different authors. Macdonell gives the etymology as prana ( prāṇa ), breath, + āyāma and defines it as the suspension of breath. Monier-Williams defines
225-469: The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali . Patanjali , a Rishi , discusses his specific approach to pranayama in verses 2.49 through 2.51, and devotes verses 2.52 and 2.53 to explaining the benefits of the practice. Patanjali does not fully elucidate the nature of prana, and the theory and practice of pranayama seem to have undergone significant development after him. In verse 1.34, pranayama is introduced as
250-525: The Pali Buddhist Canon , the Buddha prior to his enlightenment practiced a meditative technique which involved pressing the palate with the tongue and forcibly attempting to restrain the breath. This is described as both extremely painful and not conducive to enlightenment. In some Buddhist teachings or metaphors, breathing is said to stop with the fourth jhana , though this is a side-effect of
275-822: The Sanskrit language and the principal of the Sanskrit College between 1876 and 1895. A friend and colleague of Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar , he was involved in the Bengal Renaissance . Mahesh Chandra Nyayratna Bhattacharyya was born on 22 February 1836 to a Kulin Brahmin family, the Bhattacharyya family of Narit. His father, Harinarayan Tarkasiddhanta, and his two uncles, Guruprasad Tarkapanchanan and Thakurdas Churamani, were known Pandits . His elder brother, Pandit Madhab Chandra Sarbabhauma,
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#1732779612757300-423: The parasympathetic nervous control of the heart, and notes "By considering the importance of the parasympathetic nervous system for health-related issues, stimulating non-invasively the vagus nerve represents a valid target." Mahesh Chandra Nyayratna Bhattacharyya Mahamahopadhyay Pandit Mahesh Chandra Nyayratna Bhattacharyya CIE (22 February 1836 – 12 April 1906) was an Indian scholar of
325-613: The 11th century, in the Buddhist text titled the Amṛtasiddhi , which teaches three bandhas in connection with yogic breathing ( kumbakha ). Tibetan Buddhist breathing exercises such as the "nine breathings of purification" or the "Ninefold Expulsion of Stale Vital Energy" ( rlung ro dgu shrugs ), a form of alternate nostril breathing, commonly include visualizations. In the Nyingma tradition of Dzogchen these practices are collected in
350-639: The High Court of Calcutta and Mahima Nath Bhattacharyya BA, who was born in April 1870, Mahima is the first Indian Collector in the Excise Department for the Government of India. He died at the age of 70, on April 12th 1906. On 1876, he succeeded Prasanna Kumar Sarbadhikari as the principal of the Sanskrit College . During his 19-year tenure as principal, he took the initiative of introducing
375-736: The Sanskrit Title Examination, for the conferment of titles on students of special departments of Sanskrit learning. He later started a secondary Anglo-Sanskrit school in his native village of Narit that exists to this day as Narit Nyayratna Institution. He has written and edited Kavya Prakas, Mimansa Darshan and the Black Yajur Veda. He wrote numerous pamphlets, such as remarks on Dayananda Saravati's Veda-Bhashya, Tulasidharan Mimansa, The Authorship of Mrichchhakatika and Lupta Samvatsara. He has not only improved roads and infrastructure in and around Narit, but also took
400-409: The alternate nostril breathing of Nadi Shodhana , Ujjayi breath ("Victorious Breath"), Sitali (breathing through the rolled tongue), Bhastrika ("Bellows Breath"), Kapalabhati ("Skull-shining Breath", a Shatkarma purification), Surya Bhedana ("Sun-piercing Breath"), and the soothing Bhramari (buzzing like a bee). B. K. S. Iyengar cautions that pranayama should only be undertaken when one has
425-755: The compound prāṇāyāma as "of the three 'breath-exercises' performed during Saṃdhyā ( See pūrak , rechak (English: retch or throw out) , kumbhak ". This technical definition refers to a particular system of breath control with three processes as explained by Bhattacharyya : pūrak (to take the breath inside), kumbhak (to retain it), and rechak (to discharge it). There are other processes of prāṇāyāma besides this three-step model. V. S. Apte 's definition of āyāmaḥ derives it from ā + yām and provides several variant meanings for it when used in compounds. The first three meanings have to do with "length", "expansion, extension", and "stretching, extending", but in
450-428: The process of breath restraint to remain in trance, practice by offering the movement of the outgoing breath into the incoming, and the incoming breath into the outgoing, and thus at last remain in trance, stopping all breathing. Others, curtailing the eating process, offer the outgoing breath into itself as a sacrifice." Pranayama is the fourth "limb" of the eight limbs of Ashtanga Yoga , as mentioned in verse 2.29 of
475-522: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Pranayam . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pranayam&oldid=1235207120 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with given-name-holder lists Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists Hidden categories: Short description
500-460: The specific case of use in the compound prāṇāyāma he defines āyāmaḥ as meaning "restrain, control, stopping". Ramamurti Mishra gives the definition: Expansion of individual energy into cosmic energy is called prāṇāyāma ( prāṇa , energy + ayām , expansion). Pranayama is mentioned in verse 4.29 of the Bhagavad Gītā , which states "Still others, who are inclined to
525-511: The technique and does not come about as the result of purposeful effort. The Buddha did incorporate moderate modulation of the length of breath as part of the preliminary tetrad in the Anapanasati Sutta . Its use there is preparation for concentration. According to commentarial literature, this is appropriate for beginners. Later Indo-Tibetan developments in Buddhist pranayama which are similar to Hindu forms can be seen as early as
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#1732779612757550-480: The textual cycle known as "The Oral Transmission of Vairotsana " ( Vai ro snyan brgyud ). Yoga has positive effects on blood pressure , heart rate variability , and baroreflex sensitivity. In a systematic review of yoga breathing exercises and blood pressure, a moderate but statistically significant beneficial effect was found. A meta-analysis of "voluntary slow breathing", heart rate , and heart rate variability found that such breathing leads to an increase in
575-522: Was "marginal to the most widely cited sources" before the 20th century, and that the breathing practices were "dramatically" unlike the modern ones. She writes that while pranayama in modern yoga as exercise consists of synchronising the breath with movements (between asanas ), in texts like the Bhagavad Gita and the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali , pranayama meant "complete cessation of breathing", for which she cites Bronkhorst 2007. According to
600-613: Was made a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) on 24 May 1881 and the estimation with which Indian scholars held him is marked by the title of Nyayratna. He was elected as a member or had a position in the following institutions: He was also in charge of Sanskrit education of the Bengal presidency, which comprised then, the present West Bengal, Bihar and Orissa states. Nyayratna Lane and
625-626: Was the Sabha Pandit of Mahishadal Raj. In 1848, he married Mandakini, the daughter of Pandit Ram Chand Tarkabagis, in Jehanabad , Hooghly . He had a daughter, Manorama, and three sons – Manmatha Nath Vidyaratna Bhattacharyya MA, who was born on April 1863 and was the first Indian Accountant General of Madras, Munindra Nath Bhattacharyya MA, BL was born in February 1868, he was the Vakil of
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