Praxiteles ( / p r æ k ˈ s ɪ t ɪ l iː z / ; Greek : Πραξιτέλης ) of Athens , the son of Cephisodotus the Elder , was the most renowned of the Attic sculptors of the 4th century BC. He was the first to sculpt the nude female form in a life-size statue. While no indubitably attributable sculpture by Praxiteles is extant, numerous copies of his works have survived; several authors , including Pliny the Elder , wrote of his works; and coins engraved with silhouettes of his various famous statuary types from the period still exist.
72-490: A supposed relationship between Praxiteles and his beautiful model, the Thespian courtesan Phryne , has inspired speculation and interpretation in works of art ranging from painting ( Gérôme ) to comic opera ( Saint-Saëns ) to shadow play ( Donnay ). Some writers have maintained that there were two sculptors of the name Praxiteles. One was a contemporary of Pheidias , and the other his more celebrated grandson. Though
144-449: A close ally of Thebes. The Thespians destroyed Ascra at some point between 700–650 BCE, and later settled Eutresis between 600–550 BCE. Thespiae also took control over Creusis , Siphae , Thisbe and Chorisae , probably some time in the late sixth century. The Thessalians invaded Boeotia as far as Thespiae, more than 200 years before Leuctra (according to Plutarch), c. 571 BCE , which might have given Thespiae
216-601: A community arts center in Cleveland's Clark-Fulton neighborhood. It hosts former Parade the Circle floats, displays and art that were previously in temporary storage. Wade Park includes an outdoor gallery displaying part of the museum's holdings in the Wade Park Fine Arts Garden. The bulk of this collection is located between the original 1916 main entrance to the building and the lagoon . Highlights of
288-657: A diverse permanent collection of more than 61,000 works of art from around the world. The museum provides free general admission to the public. With a $ 920 million endowment (2023), it is the fourth-wealthiest art museum in the United States . With about 770,000 visitors annually (2018), it is one of the most visited art museums in the world . The Cleveland Museum of Art was founded as a trust in 1913 with an endowment from prominent Cleveland industrialists Hinman Hurlbut , John Huntington , and Horace Kelley . The neoclassical, white Georgian Marble , Beaux-Arts building
360-692: A dog at her feet, is known from a 2nd-century BC bronze coin of the city. A recently discovered dedicatory inscription of the 3rd-2nd century identifies the goddess at Antikya as Artemis Eleithyia . Vitruvius (vii, praef. 13) lists Praxiteles as an artist on the Mausoleum of Maussollos and Strabo (xiv, 23, 51) attributes to him the whole sculpted decoration of the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus . These mentions are widely considered as dubious. Besides these works, associated with Praxiteles by reference to notices in ancient writers, there are numerous copies from
432-567: A far superior replica exists in a torso in the Louvre . The attitude and character of the work are certainly of Praxitelean school. Excavations at Mantineia in Arcadia have brought to light the base of a group of Leto , Apollo , and Artemis by Praxiteles. This base was doubtless not the work of the great sculptor himself, but of one of his assistants. Nevertheless, it is pleasing and historically valuable. Pausanias (viii. 9, I) thus describes
504-458: A film series and the museum's Performing Arts Series, which brings the creative energies of internationally renowned artists into Cleveland. The department of education at CMA creates programs for lifelong learning from lectures, talks and studio classes to outreach programs and community events, such as Parade the Circle", Chalk Festival and the "Winter Lights Lantern Festival". Educational programs include distance learning, "Art to Go", and
576-419: A library of 10,000 volumes was to be assembled, to include photographs and archival works. By the 1950s, the collection of books alone had surpassed 37,000 and the photographic collection neared 47,000. By the 21st century, the library had more than 500,000 volumes (and 500,000 digitized slides); renovation of the library space was one of the focal points in the museum's $ 350 million expansion. Established in 1989,
648-460: A monograph as The Hermes of a Praxiteles , reversing his earlier (1927) opinion that it was a Roman copy, finding it not 4th century either, but referring it instead to a Hellenistic sculptor, a younger Praxiteles of Pergamon. The sculpture was located where Pausanias had seen it in the late 2nd century AD. Hermes is represented in the act of carrying the child Dionysus to the nymphs who were charged with his rearing. The uplifted right arm
720-463: A museum store and other amenities. Viñoly covered the space created by the demolition of the 1958 and 1983 structures with a glass-roofed atrium. The east wing opened in 2009, and the north wing and atrium in 2012. The West Wing opened on January 2, 2014. The museum's building and renovation project, "Building for the Future", began in 2005 and was originally targeted for completion in 2012 (though it
792-774: A provincial museum near Naples. In August 2023, the Antiquities Trafficking Unit of the New York City District Attorney’s office seized important ancient Roman bronze sculpture from the museum in connection with an investigation into looting and trafficking of ancient art at the site of the ancient Roman town of Bubon in Southwestern Turkey . The museum then sued in the Federal District Court in Ohio to block
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#1732787047589864-548: A series of generations, of which the occupation of Thespiae formed a later stage. Other traditions suggest that they were of Mycenean origin . In the Archaic period, the Thespian nobility was heavily dependent on Thebes. This possibly reflected that land ownership was concentrated in the hands of a small number of nobles, creating difficulty in equipping an effective force of hoplites . Thespiae therefore decided to become
936-529: A small collection of fine art photography, dating back to 1893. Of special note are pieces from photography's first contributors, particularly French, English, and American photographers. Other highlights of the collection are "photography with complete sets of The North American Indian by Edward S. Curtis and Camera Work ; surrealist photography created primarily between the two world wars; and Cleveland-specific subject matter produced by regional and national photographers". An internationally renowned collection,
1008-428: A spiked breastplate. Mount Helicon , believed to have been created by Pegasus , is found near the city. The Muses often dwelled on the mountain's sacred spring Hippocrene . The name "Thespiae" has contesting mythological origins between King Thespius , the city's legendary founder, and Thespia , a Naiad - nymph , abducted by Apollo . She was a daughter of the river god Asopus . According to Pausanias ,
1080-524: A year for purchase of works for its collections. The museum has also taken an active role in presenting music concerts and lectures. These include performances by Chanticleer (ensemble) , Roomful of Teeth , and John Luther Adams among others. In 2003 a controversy arose over The Aviator , a painting by Fernand Leger which had been owned by the German Jewish art dealer Alfred Flechtheim , due to an unexplained Nazi-era provenance gap. In 2013,
1152-668: Is a copy by a Roman copyist, perhaps of a work by Praxiteles that the Romans had purloined. Wallace (1940) suggested a 2nd-century date and a Pergamene origin on the basis of the sandal type. Other assertions have been attempted by scholars to prove the origins of the statue on the basis of the unfinished back, the appearance of the drapery, and the technique used with the drilling of the hair; however scholars cannot conclusively use any of these arguments to their advantage because exceptions exist in both Roman and Greek sculpture. Other works that appear to be copies of Praxiteles' sculpture express
1224-485: Is available on a special section of the museum website. The museum reported attendance of 597,715 during the period between July 1, 2013, and June 30, 2014, the highest total in more than a decade. In 2018, the museum had a record 769,435 visitors, replacing the previous record of 719,620 in 1987. In 1958, a $ 35-million bequest by industrialist Leonard C. Hanna Jr. vaulted the Cleveland Museum of Art into
1296-560: Is called "Lycian" not after Lycia itself, but after its identification with a lost work described by Lucian as being on show in the Lykeion , one of the gymnasia of Athens . The Resting Satyr of the Capitol at Rome has commonly been regarded as a copy of one of the Satyrs of Praxiteles, but it cannot be identified in the list of his works. Moreover, the style is hard and poor;
1368-539: Is concise, containing about 300 paintings and 90 sculptures. Major attractions in the collection include William Sideny Mount's The Power of Music , Frederich Edwin Church's Twilight in the Wilderness , and Albert Pinkham Ryder's The Racetrack (Death on a Pale Horse) . A number of Cleveland-based artists are also included in the museum's holdings, placing an emphasis on local art. The Cleveland Museum of Art contains
1440-462: Is installed at the top of the museum's main staircase. After being partially destroyed in a 1970 bombing (allegedly by the Weathermen ), the statue was never restored. Art historians knew that Rodin was involved in the original casting of this sculpture, and it was the last bronze casting of The Thinker made during Rodin's lifetime. The 1970 damage (noted on a plaque since mounted at the base of
1512-472: Is missing, but the possibility that the god holds out to the child a bunch of grapes to excite his desire would reduce the subject to a genre figure, Waldstein (1882) noted that Hermes looks past the child, "the clearest and most manifest outward sign of inward dreaming". The statue is today exhibited at the Archaeological Museum of Olympia . Opposing arguments have been made that the statue
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#17327870475891584-639: The Battle of Delium in 424 BC. It was excavated by the Greek archaeologist Panagiotis Stamatakis in 1882. Cleveland Museum of Art The Cleveland Museum of Art ( CMA ) is an art museum in Cleveland , Ohio, United States. Located in the Wade Park District of University Circle , the museum is internationally renowned for its substantial holdings of Asian and Egyptian art and houses
1656-472: The Bini , Congo, Senufo , and Yoruba peoples , mostly donated by Cleveland collector Katherine C. White. The museum is especially strong in the field of Asian art, possessing one of the best collections in the U.S. In June 2004, the museum acquired an ancient bronze sculpture of Apollo Sauroktonos , believed to be an original work by Praxiteles of Athens . Because the work has a contested provenance ,
1728-606: The Cleveland Museum of Art (CMA), announced the acquisition of an ancient bronze sculpture of Apollo Sauroktonos. The work is alleged to be the only near-complete original work by Praxiteles, though the dating and attribution of the sculpture will continue to be studied. The work was to be included in the 2007 Praxiteles exhibition organized by the Louvre Museum in Paris, but pressure from Greece , which disputes
1800-668: The Spartans . After the battle, Thebes was the final Boeotian state to side with the Persians, and in doing so they denounced both Plataea and Thespiae to Xerxes I as the only Boeotian states to side with the Greeks. After the city was burned down by Xerxes, the remaining inhabitants furnished a force of 1,800 men for the confederate Greek army that fought at Plataea . During the Athenian invasion of Boeotia in 424 BCE ,
1872-472: The deity most worshipped at Thespiae was Eros , whose primitive image was an unwrought stone. The city contained many works of art , among them the Eros of Praxiteles , one of the most famous statues in the ancient world; it drew crowds of people to Thespiae. It was carried off to Rome by Caligula , restored by Claudius , and again carried off by Nero . Another work by Praxiteles associated with Thespiae
1944-788: The "Educator's Academy". The museum is also home to the Ingalls Library, one of the largest art museum libraries in the United States with over 500,000 volumes. In January 2019, the Cleveland Museum of Art announced that it was waiving its rights to "roughly 30,000 of the 61,328 objects in its permanent collection considered to be in the public domain". They are using the Creative Commons – Zero license for high-resolution images and data about its collection. Additionally, metadata for more than 61,000 pieces in its collection have been made available. The Open Access material
2016-515: The 1958 and 1983 additions were demolished. A new wrap-around building, and east and west wings were constructed. Designed by Rafael Viñoly , this $ 350 million project doubled the museum's size to 592,000 square feet (55,000 m ). To integrate the new east and west wings with the Breuer building to the north, a new structure was built along the south side of the 1971 addition, creating extensive new gallery space on two levels, as well as providing for
2088-741: The Corinthian War, and maintained autonomy until 373 BCE. In 373 BCE Thespiae was subdued by the Thebans, the Thespians were exiled from Boeotia and they arrived in Athens along with the Plataeans seeking aid. But they still sent a contingent to fight against the Spartans at the Battle of Leuctra in 371 BCE. The Boeotarch Epameinondas allowed the Thespians to withdraw before
2160-469: The Decorative Art and Design collection "consists of useful objects in which the form and decoration are the primary focus, not objects intended purely as sculpture" In addition to its comprehensive collection of fine art, the Cleveland Museum of Art is also home to the Ingalls Library, one of the largest art libraries in the United States. As part of the initial 1913 plan by the museum's founders,
2232-470: The Museum Archives houses documentation about the Cleveland Museum of Art's role in the local community and the institutions the Cleveland Museum of Art has interacted with since its founding. The ARTLENS Gallery is a series of interactive displays and a mobile app that allow visitors to view and interact with the museum's digitized collection. ARTLENS is divided into four components: Following
Praxiteles - Misplaced Pages Continue
2304-505: The Roman age, statues of Hermes, Dionysus, Aphrodite, Satyrs and Nymphs, and the like, in which a varied expression of Praxitelean style may be discerned. Thespiae Thespiae ( / ˈ θ ɛ s p i . iː / THESP -ee-ee ; Ancient Greek : Θεσπιαί , romanized : Thespiaí ) was an ancient Greek city ( polis ) in Boeotia . It stood on level ground commanded by
2376-817: The Thespiae soldiers who went and fought in Asia, with Alexander the Great, to take revenge for their ancestors. During the Hellenistic period , Thespiae sought the friendship of the Roman Republic in the war against Mithridates VI . It is subsequently mentioned by Strabo as a place of some size, and by Pliny as a free city, within the Roman Empire , a reward for its support against Mithridates. Thespiae hosted an important group of Roman negotiatores until
2448-528: The Thespian contingent of the Boeotian army sustained heavy losses at the Battle of Delium . In the next year, the Thebans dismantled the walls of Thespiae on the charge that the Thespians were pro-Athenian, perhaps as a measure to prevent a democratic revolution. In 414 the Thebans aided the Thespians in suppressing a democratic revolution. In the Corinthian War , Thespiae was initially part of
2520-572: The anecdotes told of her is that she offered to finance the rebuilding of the Theban walls on the condition that the words Destroyed by Alexander, Restored by Phryne the courtesan were inscribed upon them. In the Greek Anthology , it is written that on an altar in Thespiae there was a tripod dedicated to the " Zeus the Thunderer" ( Ancient Greek : Ἐριβρεμέτῃ ). The tripod was set up for
2592-708: The anti-Spartan alliance. At the Battle of Nemea in 394 BCE, the Thespian contingent fought the Pellenes to a standstill while the rest of the Spartan allies were defeated by the Boeotians. After Nemea , Thespiae became an ally to Sparta and served as staging point for Spartan campaigns in Boeotia throughout the Corinthian War. The city became autonomous as stipulated in the King's Peace of 386 BCE which resolved
2664-660: The base, "on the base which supports the statues there are sculptured the Muses and Marsyas playing the flutes ( auloi )." Three slabs which have survived represent Apollo; Marsyas; a slave, and six of the Muses , the slab which held the other three having disappeared. The Leconfield Head (a head of the Aphrodite of Cnidus type, included in the 2007 exhibition at the Louvre) in the Red Room, Petworth House , West Sussex , UK,
2736-460: The battle, along with other Boeotians who nursed a grudge against Thebes. Not long after the battle Thespiae was razed by Thebes and its inhabitants expelled. At some point later the city was restored. In 335 BCE, the Thespians joined in an alliance with Alexander the Great in destroying Thebes. The famous hetaera ( courtesan ) Phryne was born at Thespiae in the 4th century BCE, though she seems to have lived at Athens . One of
2808-1043: The bronze was neither a recent discovery nor recovered from the sea. In 2008, the United States Postal Service selected the Cleveland Museum's famed Botticelli painting entitled Virgin and Child with the Young John the Baptist as the Christmas stamp for that year. The Cleveland Museum of Art's Modern European Painting and Sculpture collection holds pieces dating from 1800 to 1960, and contains about 537 pieces. The collection contains Impressionism and Post-impressionism works, avant-garde art styles, and German Expressionism and Neue Sachlichkeit art. This collection holds pieces dating from 1500 to 1800, with major works representing Italian Baroque, Spanish Baroque, Italian Renaissance, as well as significant French, British, and Dutch paintings. The collection
2880-535: The building opened, doubling the museum's floorspace. This addition, which was on the north side of the original building, was designed by the Cleveland architectural firm of Hayes and Ruth . They designed new gallery space and a new art library. The museum again expanded in 1971 with the opening of the North Wing. With its stepped, two-toned granite facade, the addition designed by modernist architect Marcel Breuer provided angular lines in distinct contrast with
2952-564: The dignified and less elderly deities such as Apollo , Hermes and Aphrodite rather than Zeus , Poseidon or Themis . He probably invented the S-curve . Praxiteles and his school worked almost entirely in Parian marble . At the time the marble quarries of Paros were at their best; nor could any marble be finer for the purposes of the sculptor than that of which the Hermes from Olympia
Praxiteles - Misplaced Pages Continue
3024-570: The flourishes of the 1916 building's neoclassical facade. The museum's main entrance was shifted to the North Wing. The auditorium, classrooms, and lecture halls were also moved into the North Wing, allowing their spaces in the Original Building to be renovated as gallery space. In 1983, a West Wing, designed by the Cleveland architectural firm of Dalton, van Dijk, Johnson, & Partners, was completed. This provided larger library space, as well as nine new galleries. Between 2001 and 2012,
3096-415: The ground to the east and south are covered with foundations. In 1882, the remains of a communal tomb ( polyandrion ) , including a colossal stone lion, were discovered on the road to Leuctra . The tomb contains both cremated remains, associated with an in-situ pyre, and seven inhumations. The tomb dates from the second half of the 5th century BC, and is usually identified as that of the Thespians who fell at
3168-483: The historical accuracy of these items. In Ancient Greece, Thespiae rivaled Thebes and survived through the Roman Empire . In the history of ancient Greece , Thespiae was one of the cities of the federal league known as the Boeotian League . Several traditions agree that the Boeotians were a people expelled from Thessaly some time after the mythical Trojan War , and who colonised the Boeotian plain over
3240-608: The impetus to join the Boeotian League. But elsewhere Plutarch gives a date for the Thessalian invasion as shortly preceding the Second Persian War . Herodotus suggests that Thespiae had been a member of the league as long as Thebes had been. Following the Persian Wars , Thespiae provided two Boeotarchs to the league, rather than one; perhaps one for the city and one for the districts under its control. By
3312-421: The launch of ARTLENS, the Cleveland Museum of Art conducted a two-year study to see how the gallery impacts visitor engagement. Surveys from November 2017 and January 2018 of 438 ARTLENS visitors found that 76% of viewers felt that the gallery "enhanced their overall museum experience"; 74% felt that it "encouraged them to look closely at art and notice new things"; and 73% said that it "increased their interest in
3384-622: The low range of hills which run eastward from the foot of Mount Helicon to Thebes , near modern Thespies . During the Second Persian invasion of Greece , Thespiae's 700 hoplites remained with the Spartans in the Battle of Thermopylae , fighting the Persians and allowing the Greek forces to retreat. It was one of the few Boeotian cities to stay loyal to Greece after the battle. Although Thespian hoplites are popularly depicted with dark cloaks and crescent shields, no evidence supports
3456-512: The museum announced that it would pay the heirs of Arthur Feldmann in order to keep a drawing confiscated from him by the Nazis before they killed him in the Holocaust . The drawing was Allegory of Christian Faith , by the 17th century German artist Johann Liss In 2017, the museum announced that it would return to Italy an ancient Roman marble portrait head of Drusus Minor stolen in 1944 from
3528-548: The museum continues to study the dating and attribution of the sculpture. In 2011, Michael Bennet, the Greek and Roman arts curator, announced that he had dated the piece to 350 B.C. to 250 B.C. In 2013, the museum held a focus exhibition on the statue. It announced reattribution of the work as Apollo the Python-Slayer , and said that the statue was almost certainly an original work by Praxiteles himself, and that laboratory investigations and expert testimony conclusively show
3600-478: The museum's collection." Museum visitors born between 1981 and 1996 were 15% more likely to visit the gallery compared to older individuals. The ARTLENS system also gathers analytical data; the time patrons spent looking at artworks went from an average of two-to-three seconds to fifteen seconds. The Cleveland Museum of Art also maintains a schedule of special exhibitions, lectures, films and musical programs. The department of performing arts, music and film hosts
3672-541: The myth of Heracles , where he helped free it from the Lion of Cithaeron . As a reward, he was granted a night with each of the fifty daughters of king Thespius . The town was similarly plagued by a serpent, the Thespian Dragon, to which it sacrificed a youth every year. The Dragon was eventually slain by a man named Menestratus , who, wanting to save his lover Cleostratus , let himself be swallowed while wearing
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#17327870475893744-477: The original. Its renown was such, that it was immortalised in a lyric epigram: Paris did see me naked, Adonis , and Anchises , except I knew all three of them. Where did the sculptor see me? According to Pausanias there was a statue of Artemis made by Praxiteles in her temple in Anticyra of Phokis. The appearance of the statue, which represented the goddess with a torch and an arch in her hands and
3816-482: The public on June 6, 1916, with Wade's grandson, Jeptha H. Wade II, proclaiming it, "for the benefit of all people, forever". Wade, like his grandfather, had a great interest in art and served as the museum's first vice-president; in 1920 he became its president. Today, the park, with the museum still as its centerpiece, is on the National Register of Historic Places . In March 1958, the first addition to
3888-562: The public sculpture include the large cast of Chester Beach 's 1927 Fountain of the Waters ; a monument to the Polish expatriate and American Revolutionary War -hero Tadeusz Kościuszko ; and the 1928 bronze statuary sundial by Frank Jirouch, Night Passing the Earth to Day , which sits across Wade Lagoon from the museum, near the park's entrance on Euclid Avenue. Auguste Rodin 's The Thinker
3960-465: The public that the increase in quality would be worth both the wait and expense. In June 2008, after being closed for nearly three years for the overhaul, the museum reopened 19 of its permanent galleries to the public in the renovated 1916 building main floor. On June 27, 2009, the newly constructed East Wing (which contains the Impressionist, Contemporary, and Modern art collections) opened to
4032-485: The public. On June 26, 2010, the ground level of the 1916 building reopened. It now houses the collections of Greek, Roman, Egyptian, Sub-Saharan African, Byzantine, and Medieval art. The expanded museum includes enhanced visitor amenities, such as new restrooms, an expanded store and café, a sit-down gourmet restaurant, parking capacity increased to 620 spaces, and a 34,000 square feet (3,200 m ) glass-covered courtyard. On June 12, 2021, Cleveland Museum of Art opened
4104-464: The ranks of the country's richest art museums. Today, the museum receives operating support from the Ohio Arts Council through state tax dollars. It is also funded by Cuyahoga County residents through Cuyahoga Arts and Culture. The museum derives around two thirds of its $ 36 million budget from interest on its endowment, which was reported as $ 750 million in 2014. The museum has an acquisition fund of $ 277 million, from which it draws about $ 13 million
4176-467: The refoundation of Corinth in 44 BCE. Pausanias wrote that Thespians dedicated at Olympia a statue of Pleistaenus (Πλείσταινος), son of the Eurydamus (Εὐρυδάμος), who was the general against the Gauls . Thespiae bore importance in numerous myths , despite not being a major Greek city. Notably, Narcissus was a Thespian youth who, after gazing upon his reflection in a pool, fell in love with himself, leading to his demise. It also appeared in
4248-494: The repetition of the same name in every other generation is common in Greece , there is no certain evidence for either position. Accurate dates for Praxiteles are elusive, but it is likely that he was no longer working in the time of Alexander the Great , in the absence of evidence that Alexander employed Praxiteles, as he probably would have done. Pliny 's date, 364 BC, is probably that of one of his most noted works. The subjects chosen by Praxiteles were either human beings or
4320-446: The same gracefulness in repose and indefinable charm as the Hermes and the Infant Dionysus . Among the most notable of these are the Apollo Sauroktonos , or the lizard-slayer, which portrays a youth leaning against a tree and idly striking with an arrow at a lizard. Several Roman copies from the 1st century are known including those at the Louvre Museum, the Vatican Museums , and the National Museums Liverpool . On June 22, 2004,
4392-427: The seizure, and while other looted works from other museums were returned to Turkey in December, the sculpture remained in the U.S. while the legal process continued. The museum is the stand-in for the fictional S.H.I.E.L.D. headquarters in the Marvel Cinematic Universe and can be extensively seen in several office and establishing shots of the 2014 film Captain America: The Winter Soldier . In several scenes,
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#17327870475894464-1421: The statue's pedestal) is considered to have made this casting unique among the more than twenty original large castings of this work. The Cleveland Museum of Art divides its collections into 16 departments, including Chinese Art, Modern European Art, African Art, Drawings, Prints, European Art, Textiles and Islamic Art, American Painting and Sculpture, Greek and Roman Art, Contemporary Art, Medieval Art, Decorative Art and Design, Pre-Columbian and Native North American Art, Japanese and Korean Art, Indian and Southeast Asian Art, and Photography. Artists represented by significant works include Olivuccio di Ciccarello , Botticelli , Giambattista Pittoni , Caravaggio , El Greco , Poussin , Rubens , Frans Hals , Richard Hunt , Gerard David , Goya , J. M. W. Turner , Dalí , Matisse , Renoir , Gauguin ( The Call ), Frederic Edwin Church , Thomas Cole , Corot , Thomas Eakins , Monet , Vincent van Gogh , Picasso , and George Bellows . The museum has been active recently in acquiring later 20th-century art, having added important works by Warhol , Jackson Pollock , Christo , Anselm Kiefer , Ronald Davis , Larry Poons , Leon Kossoff , Jack Whitten , Morris Louis , Jules Olitski , Chuck Close , Robert Mangold , Ching Ho Cheng , Mark Tansey and Sol LeWitt , among others. The museum's African art collection consists of 300 traditional, sub-Saharan works from
4536-434: The time of the Persian invasion of 480 BCE Thespiae's ability to field a substantial force of hoplites had changed. Thespiae and Thebes were the only Boeotian cities to send a contingent to fight at Thermopylae , Thespiae sending a force of 700 hoplites who remained to fight beside the Spartans on the final day of the battle. In 1997, the Greek government dedicated a monument to the Thespians who fell alongside that of
4608-404: The work's provenance and legal ownership, caused the French to exclude it from the show. The Apollo Lykeios or Lycian Apollo, another Apollo-type reclining on a tree, is usually attributed to Praxiteles. It shows the god resting on a support (a tree trunk or tripod), his right arm touching the top of his head, and his hair fixed in braids on the top of a head in a haircut typical of childhood. It
4680-419: Was Praxiteles's most famous statue. It was the first time that a full-scale female figure was portrayed nude. It was bought by the people of Cnidus , and according to Pliny valued so highly by them that they refused to sell it to King Nicomedes in exchange for discharging the city's enormous debt. Many copies survive, the Colonna Venus in the Vatican Museums often having been considered the most faithful to
4752-429: Was a statue of the Cithaeronian Hera . Citizens of Thespiae are called Thespians. The common noun thespian meaning "actor" comes from the legendary first actor named Thespis , and not the city. Both Thespis and Thespiae , however, are derived from the noun θέσπις ( théspis , meaning 'divine inspiration'). Remains of what was probably the ancient acropolis consists of an oval line of fortification, while
4824-459: Was an Aphrodite , after which the Venus of Arles is thought to have been modeled. There was also a bronze statue of Eros by Lysippos . The Thespians celebrated the Erotidia ( Ancient Greek : Ἐρωτίδεια ) meaning festivals of Eros . The Thespians also worshipped the Muses , honored by a shrine in the Valley of the Muses and celebrated in a festival in the sacred grove on Mount Helicon. Clement of Alexandria writes that at Thespiae there
4896-447: Was claimed by Adolf Furtwängler to be an actual work of Praxiteles, based on its style and its intrinsic quality. The Leconfield Head, the keystone of the Greek antiquities at Petworth was probably bought from Gavin Hamilton in Rome in 1755. The Aberdeen Head , whether of Hermes or of a youthful Heracles , in the British Museum , is linked to Praxiteles by its striking resemblance to the Hermes of Olympia . Aphrodite of Cnidus
4968-414: Was constructed on the southern edge of Wade Park, at the cost of $ 1.25 million. Wade Park and the museum were designed by the local architectural firm, Hubbell & Benes , with the museum planned as the park's centerpiece. The 75-acre (300,000 m ) green space takes its name from philanthropist Jeptha H. Wade , who donated part of his wooded estate to the city in 1881. The museum opened its doors to
5040-411: Was fashioned. Some of the statues of Praxiteles were coloured by the painter Nicias, and in the opinion of the sculptor they gained greatly by this treatment. In 1911, the Encyclopædia Britannica noted that Later opinions have varied, reaching a low with the sculptor Aristide Maillol , who railed, "It's kitsch , it's frightful, it's sculpted in Marseille soap ". In 1948, Carl Blümel published it in
5112-430: Was not completed until 2013) at projected costs of $ 258 million. The museum celebrated the official completion of the renovation and expansion project with a grand opening celebration held on December 31, 2013, and additional activities that continued through the first week of 2014. The $ 350 million project—two-thirds of which was earmarked for the complete renovation of the original 1916 structure—added two new wings, and
5184-423: Was the largest cultural project in Ohio's history. The new east and west wings, as well as the enclosing of the atrium courtyard under a soaring glass canopy, have brought the museum's total floor space to 592,000 square feet (55,000 m ) (an increase of approximately 65%). The first phase of the project had $ 9.3 million in cost overruns; the opening was delayed by 9 months. Museum director Timothy Rub assured
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