61-611: Pride Month , sometimes specified as LGBTQ Pride Month , is a monthlong observance dedicated to the celebration of LGBTQ pride , commemorating the contributions of lesbian , gay , bisexual , transgender and queer ( LGBTQ ) culture and community. Pride Month is observed in June in the United States, coinciding with the anniversary of the 1969 Stonewall riots , a series of gay liberation protests. The first pride marches were held in four US cities in June 1970, one year after
122-438: A Facebook status to support a cause, "liking" a charity organization's cause on Facebook, tweeting or retweeting a charity organization's request for support on Twitter, signing Internet petitions, and posting and sharing YouTube videos about a cause. It can be argued that a person is not "liking" the photo in order to help the person in need, but to feel better about themselves, and to feel like they have done something positive for
183-436: A cause on social media, signing an Internet petition, copying and pasting a status or message in support of the cause, sharing specific hashtags associated with the cause, or altering one's profile photo or avatar on social network services to indicate solidarity. Critics of slacktivism suggest that it fails to make a meaningful contribution to an overall cause because a low-stakes show of support, whether online or offline,
244-419: A cause. For example, a slacktivist may buy Ben and Jerry's ice cream because its founders invested in the nation's children, or promoted social and environmental concerns. Certain forms of slacktivism have political goals in mind, such as gaining support for a presidential campaign, or signing an internet petition that aims to influence governmental action. The online petition website Change.org claimed it
305-405: A complex foreign conflict are made heroic by watching a video, buying a bracelet, hanging a poster. Advocates of Invisible Children's campaign protested that their desire to catch Kony was sincere, their emotional response to the film genuine—and that the sheer volume of supporters calling for the capture of Joseph Kony constituted a meaningful shift in human rights advocacy." In the weeks following
366-539: A forum concerning queer activism and art at Belgrade Youth Center . Nicaragua 's first public pride festival was also held on this day 1991 to commemorate the Stonewall Riots. Serbia also marked International Pride Day in between 2013 and 2015 with Hate-Free Zone actions, organized by GSA, Women in Black and other NGOs . Some have criticized how many companies release Pride Month-themed products, likening it to
427-434: A global scale enables the spread of knowledge, such as the conditions that corporations provide to the workers they employ, and the result their widespread manufacturing has on globalization. Leonard argues that phones and tablets can be effective tools in bringing about change through slacktivism, because they allow us to spread knowledge, donate money, and more effectively speak our opinions on important matters. Others keep
488-415: A group or event, or celebrate something. Slacktivism Slacktivism (a blend of slacker and activism ) is the practice of supporting a political or social cause by means such as social media or online petitions , characterized as involving very little effort or commitment. Additional forms of slacktivism include engaging in online activities such as liking , sharing or tweeting about
549-572: A hashtag becomes "a trending topic [it] helps generate media attention, even as it helps organize information....The power of social media to help shape the international news agenda is one of the ways in which they subvert state authority and power." In addition, studies suggest that "fears of Internet activities supplanting real-life activity are unsubstantiated," in that they do not cause a negative or positive effect on political participation. The Human Rights Campaign (HRC) on Marriage Equality offers another example of how slacktivism can be used to make
610-414: A higher potential to influence others." Cited benefits of slacktivism in achieving clear objectives include creating a secure, low-cost, effective means of organizing that is environmentally friendly. These "social champions" have the ability to directly link social media engagement with responsiveness, leveraging their transparent dialogue into economic, social or political action. Going along this mindset
671-441: A large audience that it would make a war criminal, Joseph Kony, famous. It became the fastest-growing viral video of all time, reaching 100 million views in six days. The campaign grew an unprecedented amount of awareness, calling to international leaders as well as the general population. The reaction to and participation in this campaign demonstrates charity slacktivism due to the way in which many viewers responded. The success of
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#1732786739700732-461: A notable difference. The campaign urged Facebook users to change their profile pictures to a red image that had an equals sign (=) in the middle. The logo symbolized equality and if Facebook users put the image as their profile photo, it meant they were in support of marriage equality. The campaign was credited for raising positive awareness and cultivating an environment of support for the marriage equality cause. This study concluded that, although
793-417: A photo on Facebook or clicking a petition is in itself symbolic because it demonstrates that the individual is aware of the situation and it shows their peers the opinions and thoughts they have on certain subject matters. Critics of clicktivism state that this new phenomenon turns social movements to resemble advertising campaigns in which messages are tested, clickthrough rate is recorded, and A/B testing
854-458: A protest than a celebration, it helped to remind people of LGBT communities and how they may include one's family and friends. Transgender women and people of color , including Marsha P. Johnson , Sylvia Rivera , and Stormé DeLarverie , were largely excluded or silenced during the early marches, despite their prominent participation in the initial riots. Following the Stonewall riots and
915-629: A segment of the Berkman Luncheon Series . She acknowledges that digital activism is a great enabler of rising social and political movements, and it is an effective means of enabling differential capacity building for protest. A 2015 study describes how slacktivism can contribute to a quicker growth of social protests, by propagation of information through peripheral nodes in social networks. The authors note that although slacktivists are less active than committed minorities, their power lies in their numbers: "their aggregate contribution to
976-513: A series of Tweets in 2019. Joe Biden recognized Pride Month after taking office in 2021, and vowed to push for LGBT rights in the United States , despite previously voting against same-sex marriage and school education of LGBT topics in the Senate . Pride Month has since grown into a global celebration of LGBTQ+ culture and identity. Pride Month is often observed in several LGBT-affirming religious congregations . International LGBT Pride Day
1037-542: A slightly optimistic outlook on the possibilities of slacktivism while still acknowledging the pitfalls that come with this digital form of protest. Zeynep Tufekci, an assistant professor at the University of North Carolina and a faculty associate at the Berkman Center for Internet & Society, analyzed the capacity of slacktivism to influence collective group action in a variety of different social movements in
1098-422: A specific case or campaign, it is difficult to find an exact percentage of slacktivist actions that reach a stated goal. Furthermore, many studies also focus on such activism in democratic or open contexts, whereas the act of publicly liking, RSVPing or adopting an avatar or slogan as one's profile picture can be a defiant act in authoritarian or repressive countries. Micah White has argued that although slacktivism
1159-425: Is Andrew Leonard, a staff writer at Salon , who published an article on the ethics of smartphones and how we use them. Though the means of producing these products go against ethical human rights standards, Leonard encourages the use of smartphones on the basis that the technology they provide can be utilized as a means of changing the problematic situation of their manufacture. The ability to communicate quickly and on
1220-554: Is a day dedicated to LGBT pride , held on June 28 to commemorate the anniversary of the Stonewall riots , prior to the entire month becoming associated with LGBT Pride. The San Francisco Pride march was promoted as the International Lesbian & Gay Freedom Day Parade from 1981 to 1994, likely the origin of an international pride day. Serbian group Arkadija commemorated International Pride Day in 1991 with
1281-683: Is celebrated at different times throughout New Zealand. In Auckland , it is celebrated in February, and in Christchurch and Wellington Pride Month is in March. In Canada, rather than Pride Month, celebrations are held from June to September in what is known as Pride Season . List of month-long observances The following is a list of notable month-long observances , recurrent months that are used by various governments, groups and organizations to raise awareness of an issue, commemorate
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#17327867397001342-429: Is full of hundreds of thousands of petitions. A person signing one of these online petitions may feel good about himself, but these petitions are generally not binding nor do they lead to any major change. Dunning suggests that before donating, or even "liking", a cause one should research the issue and the organization to ensure nothing is misattributed, exaggerated, or wrong. An example of a campaign against slacktivism
1403-406: Is often done. In order to improve these metrics, messages are reduced to make their "asks easier and actions simpler." This in turn reduces social action to having members that are a list of email addresses, rather than engaged people. Charity slacktivism is an action in support of a cause that takes little effort on the part of the individual. Examples of online charity slacktivism include posting
1464-545: Is often the most effective way of reaching a larger audience due to the fact that most adults, when exposed to the ad, would not be able to ignore a child in need. An example of sympathy slacktivism is the Swedish newspaper Aftonbladet's campaign "Vi Gillar Olika" (literal translation: "We like different"). This campaign was launched against xenophobia and racism, something that was a hot topic in Sweden in 2010. The main icon of
1525-456: Is some useful cause." He says that most slacktivism campaigns are "based on bad information, bad science, and are hoaxes as often as not." He uses the Kony 2012 campaign as an example of how slacktivism can be used as a way to exploit others. The movie asked viewers to send money to the filmmakers rather than African law enforcement. Four months after the movie was released, Invisible Children ,
1586-466: Is superficial, ineffective, draws off energy that might be used more constructively, and serves as a substitute for more substantive forms of activism rather than supplementing them, and might, in fact, be counter-productive. As groups increasingly use social media to facilitate civic engagement and collective action , proponents of slacktivism have pointed out that it can lead to engagement and help generate support for lesser-known causes. The term
1647-475: Is that social media allow for a quick and easy way to show support for an organization or cause. The main focus of digital organizations has become inflating participation rates by asking less and less of their members/viewers. Clicktivism can also be demonstrated by monitoring the success of a campaign by how many "likes" it receives. Clicktivism strives to quantify support, presence and outreach without putting emphasis on real participation. The act of "liking"
1708-475: Is the advertisement series "Liking Isn't Helping" created by the international advertisement company Publicis Singapore for a relief organization, Crisis Relief Singapore (CRS). This campaign features images of people struggling or in need, surrounded by many people giving a thumbs up with the caption "Liking isn't helping". Though the campaign lacked critical components that would generate success, it made viewers stop and think about their activism habits and question
1769-408: Is typically the easiest route to participation in movements and changes, the novelty of online activism wears off as people begin to realize that their participation created virtually no effect, leading people to lose hope in all forms of activism. Malcolm Gladwell , in his October 2010 New Yorker article, lambasted those who compare social media "revolutions" with actual activism that challenges
1830-517: The Livestrong wristband , as well as bumper stickers and mobile donating . In 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic , Clap for Our Carers gained traction in several countries. The term slacktivism is often used to describe the world's reaction to the 2010 Haiti earthquake . The Red Cross managed to raise $ 5 million in 2 days via text message donations. Social media outlets were used to spread
1891-545: The United States to commemorate the Stonewall Uprising. President Bill Clinton officially declared in a presidential proclamation , June "Gay and Lesbian Pride Month" in 1999. Barack Obama expanded the official Pride Month recognition in 2011, including the whole of the LGBT community . Donald Trump declined to offer federal recognition of Pride Month in 2017, though he issued supportive public statements in
Pride Month - Misplaced Pages Continue
1952-702: The act of changing one's profile photo is small, ultimately social media campaigns such as this make a cumulative difference over time. The term "clicktivism" is used to describe forms of internet-based slacktivism such as signing online petitions or signing and sending form letter emails to politicians or corporate CEOs. For example, the British group UK Uncut use Twitter and other websites to organise protests and direct action against companies accused of tax avoidance. It allows organizations to quantify their success by keeping track of how many "clicked" on their petition or other call to action. The idea behind clicktivism
2013-485: The awareness of the kidnapping. Comparisons have been made between the #BringBackOurGirls campaign and the Kony 2012 campaign. The campaign was labeled slacktivism by some critics, particularly as the weeks and months passed with no progress being made in recovery of the kidnapped girls. According to Mkeki Mutah, uncle of one of the kidnapped girls: There is a saying: "Actions speak louder than words." Leaders from around
2074-401: The campaign has been attributed mostly by how many people viewed the video rather than the donations received. After watching the video, many viewers felt compelled to take action. This action, however, took the form of sharing the video and potentially pledging their support. As described by Sarah Kendzior of Aljazeera: The video seemed to embody the slacktivist ethos: viewers oblivious to
2135-594: The campaign was an open hand with the text "Vi Gillar Olika," the icon that was adopted from the French organisation SOS Racisme 's campaign Touche pas à mon Pote in 1985. Another example was when Facebook users added a Norwegian flag to their pictures after the 2011 Norway attacks in which 77 people were killed. This campaign received attention from the Swedish Moderate Party, who encouraged their supporters to update their profile pictures. Kony 2012
2196-458: The cause. Criticism tends to highlight the thin spread of the donation. An example of this is the Product Red campaign, whereby consumers can buy Red-branded variants of commons products, with a proportion of proceeds going towards fighting AIDS. Slacktivists may also purchase a product from a company because it has a history of donating funds to charity, as a way to second-handedly support
2257-441: The charity who created the film, reported $ 31.9 million of gross receipts. The money in the end was not used to stop Kony, but rather to make another movie about stopping Kony. Dunning goes as far as to say that raising awareness of Kony was not even useful, as law enforcement groups had been after him for years. Dunning does state that today, however, slacktivism is generally more benign. He cites Change.org as an example. The site
2318-651: The concept of slacktivism , as the companies are perceived to be using the topic of LGBT rights as a means of profit, without contributing to the movement in a meaningful way. Others have criticized the seemingly hypocritical nature of companies making social media profiles evoke the rainbow pride flag while refusing to alter the profile pictures in areas without broad LGBT acceptance. Some religious and cultural groups oppose Pride Month on ideological grounds. They view LGBTQ+ identities and relationships as contrary to their beliefs and traditions. These objections often lead to tensions and conflicts during Pride Month. Pride month
2379-551: The desire people have to do something good without getting out of their chair." Another example of the term "Slacktivism" appeared in Evgeny Morozov 's book, Net Delusion: The Dark Side of Internet Freedom (2011). In it, Morozov relates slacktivism to the Colding-Jørgensen experiment. In 2009, a Danish psychologist named Anders Colding-Jørgensen created a fictitious Facebook group as part of his research. On
2440-547: The digital space is a reality. These scholars suggest that slacktivism may have its deficiencies, but it can be a positive contributor to activism, and it is inescapable in the current digital climate. A 2011 correlational study conducted by Georgetown University entitled "The Dynamics of Cause Engagement" determined that so-called slacktivists are indeed "more likely to take meaningful actions". Notably, "slacktivists participate in more than twice as many activities as people who don't engage in slacktivism, and their actions "have
2501-466: The effect that slacktivism really has. In response to Gladwell's criticism of slacktivism in the New Yorker (see above), journalist Leo Mirani argues that he might be right if activism is defined only as sit-ins, taking direct action, and confrontations on the streets. However, if activism is about arousing awareness of people, changing people's minds, and influencing opinions across the world, then
Pride Month - Misplaced Pages Continue
2562-484: The first pride marches, the number of LGBT groups rapidly increased, and the pride movement spread across the United States after a few years. While many Pride celebrations around the world are held in June, some cities vary the observation at different times, partially due to local weather conditions. Polyamory Pride Day is celebrated every year on a day in Pride Month. As June became recognized as Pride Month in
2623-406: The hashtags #blacklivesmatter and #BLM. Much of the support and awareness of this movement has been made possible through social media. Studies show that the slacktivism commonly present within the movement has been linked with a positive effect on active participation in it. The fact that participants in this movement were able to contribute from their phones increased awareness and participation of
2684-463: The kidnapping of hundreds of schoolgirls by the organization Boko Haram , the hashtag #BringBackOurGirls began to trend globally on Twitter as the story continued to spread and by May 11 it had attracted 2.3 million tweets. One such tweet came from the First Lady of the United States , Michelle Obama , holding a sign displaying the hashtag, posted to her official Twitter account, helping to spread
2745-401: The organizational losses that traditional activist entities are likely to suffer, as ordinary people would begin to turn away from conventional (and proven) forms of activism." Criticism of slacktivism often involves the idea that internet activities are ineffective, and/or that they prevent or lessen political participation in real life. However, as many studies on slacktivism relate only to
2806-652: The page, he posted an announcement suggesting that the Copenhagen city authorities would be demolishing the historical Stork Fountain . Within the first day, 125 Facebook members joined Colding-Jørgensen's. The number of fans began to grow at a staggering rate, eventually reaching 27,500. Morozov argues the Colding-Jørgensen experiment reveals a key component of slacktivism: "When communication costs are low, groups can easily spring into action." Clay Shirky similarly characterized slacktivism as "ridiculously easy group forming". Various people and groups express doubts about
2867-473: The person or scene depicted in front of them. This phenomenon has become increasingly popular with individuals whether they are going on trips to help less fortunate people, or by "liking" many posts on Facebook in order to "help" the person in the picture. Examples include the Kony 2012 campaign that exploded briefly in social media in March 2012. Examples of offline charity slacktivism include awareness wristbands and paraphernalia in support of causes, such as
2928-514: The public, particularly in the United States. The Western-centric nature of the critique of slacktivism discounts the impact it can have in authoritarian or repressive contexts. Journalist Courtney C. Radsch argues that even such low level of engagement was an important form of activism for Arab youth before and during the Arab Spring because it was a form of free speech, and could successfully spark mainstream media coverage, such as when
2989-585: The revolution will indeed be "tweeted," "hashtagged," and "YouTubed." In a March 2012 Financial Times article, referring to efforts to address the ongoing violence related to the Lord's Resistance Army , Matthew Green wrote that the slacktivists behind the Kony 2012 video had "achieved more with their 30-minute video than battalions of diplomats, NGO workers and journalists have since the conflict began 26 years ago." Although slacktivism has often been used pejoratively, some scholars point out that activism within
3050-547: The riots at the Stonewall Inn . The New York City march, promoted as "Christopher Street Liberation Day", alongside the parallel marches in Chicago, Los Angeles, and San Francisco, marked a watershed moment for LGBT rights . An organizer of some of the first marches, Fred Sargeant stated the goal was to commemorate the Stonewall riots and further push for liberation. He noted that while the first marches were more akin to
3111-479: The slacktivism theoretical model. The New Statesman has analyzed the outcomes of ten most-shared petitions and listed all of them as unsuccessful. Brian Dunning , in his 2014 podcast, Slacktivism: Raising Awareness , argues that the internet activities that slacktivism is associated with are a waste of time at their best and at their worst are ways to "steal millions of dollars from armchair activists who are persuaded to donate actual money to what they're told
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#17327867397003172-494: The spread of protest messages is comparable in magnitude to that of core participants." However, Tufekci argues that the enhanced ability to rally protest is accompanied by a weakened ability to actually make an impact, as slacktivism can fail to reach the level of protest required in order to bring about change. The Black Lives Matter movement calls for the end of systemic racism. The movement has been inextricably linked with social media since 2014, in particular to Twitter with
3233-570: The status quo ante. He argued that today's social media campaigns cannot compare with activism that takes place on the ground, using the Greensboro sit-ins as an example of what real, high-risk activism looks like. A 2011 study looking at college students found only a small positive correlation between those who engage online in politics on Facebook with those who engage off of it. Those who did engage only did so by posting comments and other low forms of political participation, helping to confirm
3294-457: The topic. This can be considered a virtual counterpart of wearing a pin to display one's sympathies; however, acquiring such a pin often requires some monetary donation to the cause while changing profile picture does not. In sympathy slacktivism, images of young children, animals and people seemingly in need are often used to give a sense of credibility to the viewers, making the campaign resonate longer in their memory. Using children in campaigns
3355-422: The value and effectiveness of slacktivism. Particularly, some skeptics argue that it entails an underlying assumption that all problems can be seamlessly fixed using social media, and while this may be true for local issues, slacktivism could prove ineffective for solving global predicaments. A 2009 NPR piece by Morozov asked whether "the publicity gains gained through this greater reliance on new media [are] worth
3416-511: The word about the earthquake. The day after the earthquake, CNN reported that four of Twitter's top topics were related to the Haitian earthquake. This is the act of purchasing products that highlight support for a particular cause and advertise that a percentage of the cost of the good will go to the cause. In some instances the donated funds are spread across various entities within one foundation, which in theory helps several deserving areas of
3477-500: Was a campaign created by Invisible Children in the form of a 28-minute video about the dangerous situation of many children in Africa at the hands of Joseph Kony, the leader of the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA). The LRA is said to have abducted a total of nearly 60,000 children, brainwashing the boys to fight for them and turning the girls into sex slaves. The campaign was used as an experiment to see if an online video could reach such
3538-606: Was an early user of the term in his 2001 article titled, "On the Net, 'Slacktivism'/Do-Gooders Flood In-Boxes." An early example of using the term "slacktivism" appeared in Barnaby Feder's article in The New York Times called "They Weren't Careful What They Hoped For." Feder quoted anti-scam crusader Barbara Mikkelson of Snopes , who described activities such as those listed above. "It's all fed by slacktivism ...
3599-556: Was attacked by Chinese hackers and brought down in April 2011. Change.org claimed the fact that hackers "felt the need to bring down the website must be seen as a testament to Change.org's fast-growing success and a vindication of one particular petition: A Call for the Release of Ai Weiwei ." Ai Weiwei, a noted human rights activist who had been arrested by Chinese authorities in April 2011, was released on June 22, 2011, from Beijing, which
3660-470: Was coined by Dwight Ozard and Fred Clark in 1995 at the Cornerstone Festival . The term was meant to shorten the phrase slacker activism, which refers to bottom-up activities by young people to affect society on a small, personal scale (such as planting a tree, as opposed to participating in a protest). The term originally had a positive connotation. Monty Phan, staff writer for Newsday ,
3721-402: Was deemed as a victory by Change.org of its online campaign and petition demanding Ai's release. Sympathy slacktivism can be observed on social media networks such as Facebook, where users can like pages to support a cause or show support to people in need. Also common in this type of slacktivism is for users to change their profile pictures to one that shows the user's peers that they care about
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