71-575: Prima Divisione ( First Division ) was the name of the first level of the Italian Football Championship from 1921 to 1926. The competition was initially founded in opposition to the FIGC by the richest clubs of Northern Italy, which disagreed the old format of the championship, based on plethoric regional groups. In 1921–22, two concurrent championships took place, before FIGC accepted the new format for 1922–23. The Prima Divisione
142-511: A 5-year period since the first period officially analysed (1975–1979): A club's five-season coefficient is the cumulative total of its five-season coefficients from the reference period and 20% of its association's five-season association's coefficient. This ranking is used by UEFA to determine a club's seeding in club competition draws, including the qualifying and group stages of the UEFA Women's Champions League. The distribution of points
213-498: A 5-year period since the first period officially analysed (2001–2005): UEFA calculates coefficients for each association that takes part in the UEFA Regions' Cup . These coefficients are calculated to compile ranking lists that are used to determine the round in which each team enters the competition and to seed the teams for the draws. The coefficient ranking list is established for the preliminary and intermediate round draws on
284-459: A club, and one for a draw (points are halved in the qualifying rounds). Results determined by extra time do count in determining the allocation of points, but results determined by penalty shootouts do not affect the allocation of points, other than for bonus points given for qualification into the latter rounds. The number of points awarded each season is divided by the number of teams that participated for that association in that season. This number
355-538: A defeat in games of the main stages of the Champions League , Europa League and Conference League . Results determined after extra-time are included in this method, however results determined after penalty shoot-outs are not (the result is considered a draw). Bonus points for entering the Europa League or Conference League group stage / league phase are not additional to win/draw points; they provide
426-477: A minimum points allowance for participating clubs, whereas bonus points for entering the Champions League group stage / league phase (and those for qualifying to the knockout stage) are additional to win/draw points. Qualifying round results are only taken into account if the club is eliminated in one of the rounds (see table below). Otherwise, the qualifying round results are taken into account only for
497-582: A minor change in 2016 due to the change of the logo of TIM itself. In August 2018, a new logo was announced, and another one in August 2019. On 5 February, Serie A signed a new sponsor deal with Eni , otherwise known as Enilive, to take the main sponsor role of the Serie A. In the past, individual clubs competing in the league had the rights to sell their broadcast rights to specific channels throughout Italy, unlike in most other European countries. Currently,
568-872: A player active outside Serie A. Unlike La Liga , for example, which has long imposed a quota on the number of players able to play for each club who hold passports from countries that are not in the European Union , Serie A has undergone many rule changes concerning the number of non-EU players clubs could sign. During the 1980s and 1990s, most Serie A clubs signed a large number of players from foreign nations (both EU and non-EU members). Notable foreign players to play in Serie A during this era included Irish international Liam Brady , England internationals Paul Gascoigne and David Platt , France's Michel Platini and Laurent Blanc , Lothar Matthäus and Jürgen Klinsmann from Germany, Dutchmen Ruud Gullit and Dennis Bergkamp , and Argentina's Diego Maradona . In
639-419: A single round that was played from the 1929–30 season until the 2024–25 season . The teams in bold compete in Serie A currently. The year in parentheses represents the most recent year of participation at this level. Inter Milan is the only team that has played Serie A football in every season. Serie A had logos that featured its sponsor Telecom Italia Mobile (TIM). The logo that was introduced in 2010 had
710-581: A sixth tournament, the UEFA Intertoto Cup , fourteen years later. Milan is joint third club overall for official international titles won with nineteen. Inter, following their achievements in the 2009–10 season , became the first Italian team to have achieved a seasonal treble . It is also the team to have competed uninterruptedly for the most time in the top flight of Italian football, having seen its debut in 1909. All these clubs, along with Lazio , Fiorentina , Roma and Napoli , are known as
781-652: Is based on the performance of Italian clubs in the Champions League and the Europa League during the previous five years. Serie A led the UEFA ranking from 1986 to 1988 and from 1990 to 1999 . In its current format, the Italian Football Championship was revised from having regional and interregional rounds, to a single-tier league from the 1929–30 season onwards. The championship titles won before 1929 are officially recognised by FIGC with
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#1732794103434852-433: Is calculated to three decimal places then truncated (e.g. 2 + 2 ⁄ 3 would be truncated to 2.666). To determine an association's coefficient for a particular season, the coefficients for the last five seasons are added. Bonus points are added to the number of points scored in a season. Bonus points are allocated for: Bonus Points UEFA uses this coefficient system to decide which teams gain automatic entry to
923-653: Is structured today, began during the 1929–30 season . From 1898 to 1922, the competition was organised into regional groups. Because of ever growing teams attending regional championships, the Italian Football Federation (FIGC) split the CCI (Italian Football Confederation) in 1921, which founded in Milan the Lega Nord (Northern Football League), ancestor of present-day Lega Serie A. When CCI teams rejoined
994-515: Is symmetrical to the distribution of points in association ranking. The ranking below takes into account of each team's performance in European competitions from 2020–21 to 2024–25, with the 2024–25 season starting 4 September 2024. The top 25 clubs as of 21 November 2024 are as follows: The following data indicate the top-ranked women's clubs in each 5-year period. Top-rated women's clubs listed by number of times they were top-ranked over
1065-475: Is usually done via online voting out of the five nominees. UEFA coefficient#Men's Association coefficient In European football , the UEFA coefficients are statistics based in weighted arithmetic means used for ranking and seeding teams in club and international competitions. Introduced in 1979 for men's football tournaments (country rankings only), and after applied in women's football and futsal ,
1136-555: The Coppa Campioni d'Italia , has officially been used since the 1960–61 season , but between 1961 and 2004 was consigned to the winning clubs at the head office of the Lega Nazionale Professionisti . In April 2009, Serie A announced a split from Serie B. Nineteen of the twenty clubs voted in favour of the move in an argument over television rights; the relegation-threatened Lecce had voted against
1207-508: The G-14 , a group which represented the largest and most prestigious European football clubs from 2000 to 2008, with the first two also being founding members of its successive organisation, European Club Association (ECA). More players have won the Ballon d'Or award while playing at a Serie A club than any league in the world other than Spain's La Liga. Juventus, Italy's most successful club of
1278-554: The Lega Serie A ever since. Serie A is regarded as one of the best football leagues in the world and it is often depicted as the most tactical and defensively sound national league. Serie A was ranked the world's best national league in 2023 by IFFHS , and is ranked second among European leagues according to UEFA's league coefficient – behind the Premier League , and ahead of La Liga , Bundesliga and Ligue 1 – which
1349-494: The UEFA Europa Conference League . This continued a strong recent record where five of the six European club finals have featured at least one Serie A side over the past two seasons. As a result of this ranking the top 5 clubs in Serie A qualify for the champions league in 2024. If after all 38 games, there are two teams tied on points for first place or for 17th, the last safety spot, the team that wins
1420-545: The coefficients are calculated by UEFA , who administer football within Europe , and the Asian parts of some transcontinental countries . The confederation publishes three types of rankings: one analysing a single season, a five-year span, and a ten-year span. For men's competitions, three sets of coefficients are calculated: The association coefficient is used to rank the football associations of Europe, and thus determine
1491-489: The "seven sisters" ( sette sorelle ) of Italian football . Serie A is one of the most storied football leagues in the world. Of the 100 greatest footballers in history chosen by FourFourTwo in 2017, 42 players have played in Serie A, more than any other league in the world. Juventus is the team that has produced the most World Cup champions (27), with Inter (20), Roma (16) and Milan (10), being respectively third, fourth and ninth in that ranking. Serie A, as it
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#17327941034341562-721: The 1923-24 champions Genoa . Because of the fascist Viareggio Charter , in 1926 the Prima Divisione championship was renamed as Divisione Nazionale (National Division) , merging the best southern clubs into the Northern League. The second level of the Italian football consequently took the name of Prima Divisional, as it happened in England in 1992. In 1929 with the creation of the Serie A and Serie B championships
1633-485: The 1923–24 season, the winning team will bear a small coat of arms with the Italian tricolour on their strip in the following season. The most successful club is Juventus with 36 championships, followed by Inter Milan with 20 championships and AC Milan with 19 championships. From the 2004–05 season onwards, an actual trophy was awarded to club on the pitch after the last turn of the championship. The trophy, called
1704-605: The 2024–25 (not 2023–24) UEFA season. This is unrelated to the selection of teams which will fill each allocation through the individual association leagues and national cups (which is decided in the preceding season). This coefficient is determined by the results of the clubs of the associations in the UEFA Champions League , UEFA Europa League and the UEFA Conference League games over the past five seasons. Two points are awarded for each win by
1775-623: The 2024–25 and future seasons. Rankings in table exclude Liechtenstein which receives one Conference League qualifying berth for their cup winner. Following the introduction of the UEFA Cup in 1971, the competition began to grow in complexity having more clubs than the European Champions Cup and the Cup Winners' Cup, reaching up to four from a single country. UEFA began to publish association rankings in 1979, to identify
1846-457: The 2024–25 season underway. The top 25 clubs as of 27 November 2024 are as follows. Prior to the 2018 club rankings, teams received the sum of their points earned over the last five seasons plus 20% of the club's association coefficient. Before 1999 a number of strong teams in the UEFA Cup were seeded such that those teams did not meet in the first two rounds. To determine these teams,
1917-406: The 2024–25 season underway. The final ranking at the end of the 2024–25 season will be used to determine the minimum number of places for each association in the 2026–27 UEFA club competitions. The two highest annual coefficients from the 2023–24 season and onward will be used to determine two additional European Performance Spots in the Champions League for the next season. As of 27 November 2024,
1988-496: The 20th century and the most winning Italian team , is tied for sixth in Europe and twelfth in the world with the most official international titles with eleven. Prior the first Europa Conference League final in 2022, it was also the only one in the world to have won all the historical five official confederation competitions , an achievement reached after its triumph in the 1985 Intercontinental Cup and revalidated after winning
2059-431: The FIGC created two interregional divisions renaming Categories into Divisions and splitting FIGC sections into two north–south leagues. In 1926, due to internal crises and fascist pressures, the FIGC changed internal settings, adding southern teams to the national division, ultimately leading to the 1929–30 final settlement. The Serie A Championship title is often referred to as the scudetto ("small shield") because since
2130-586: The Prima Divisione became the third level of the Italian Football. In 1935 with the creation of the Serie C championship the Prima Divisione became the fourth level of the Italian football. In 1948 with the creation of the Promozione championship the first division became the fifth level of the Italian championship. In 1952 with the creation of the IV Serie championship the Prima Divisione became
2201-569: The United States, Serie A is currently shown on CBS Sports and its streaming network Paramount+ . Prior to 2021–22 it was shown on the ESPN family of networks. For the 24-29 cycle, the Serie A sold its international rights to the Infront agency (except in United States and MENA), which is in charge of reaching an agreement with the interested companies. Fox Deportes Although Serie A
Prima Divisione - Misplaced Pages Continue
2272-432: The above conditional quota was reduced back to one, though if a team did not have any non-EU players, that team could still sign up to three non-EU players. In 2011 the signing quota reverted to two. Large clubs with many foreigners usually borrow quotas from other clubs that have few foreigners or no foreigners in order to sign more non-EU players. For example, Adrian Mutu joined Juventus via Livorno in 2005, as at
2343-511: The bans were subsequently reduced. At the start of the 2003–04 season, a quota was imposed on each of the clubs limiting the number of non-EU, non-EFTA and non-Swiss players who may be signed from abroad each season, following provisional measures introduced in the 2002–03 season, which allowed Serie A and B clubs to sign only one non-EU player in the 2002 summer transfer window. The rule underwent minor changes in August 2004, June 2005, June 2006, and June 2007. The number of non-EU players
2414-435: The basis of the associations’ results in the three most recent completed seasons at the time of the draws. For the 2022–23 competition, the coefficient ranking list is therefore based on the associations' results in the seasons 2014–15, 2016–17 and 2018–19. As of 8 December 2021 the coefficients are as follows: Points are awarded for each match played in the qualifying competition. Match points are awarded in accordance with
2485-521: The best two teams of Campania , Lazio and Apulia and the winners of the Sicily and Marches groups qualified for the semifinals (Southern League Semifinals) of two groups. The winners of the semifinals advanced to the final. The winners of the two leagues qualified for the Finalissima (literally The Biggest Final ). The team that won the national final won the scudetto , firstly introduced for
2556-426: The calculation of the association's coefficient and are halved. The clubs do not receive any points for elimination in the Champions League or Europa League qualifying because those clubs move to the Europa League and/or Conference League and receive points from participation in that competition. The ranking below takes into account of each club's performance in European competitions from 2020–21 to 2024–25, with
2627-462: The coefficients are as follows: Notes According to the UEFA regulations a National League needs to consist of at least eight clubs to be considered valid, otherwise no participants of such a league will be allowed to enter European competitions. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic , two-legged ties in the knockout stages of the 2019–20 UEFA Champions League and 2019–20 UEFA Europa League , and in
2698-480: The decision, FIGC President Carlo Tavecchio said: "We were among the first supporters of using technology on the pitch and we believe we have everything required to offer our contribution to this important experiment." Serie A will continue the 20 club format after sixteen clubs voted against reducing the division to 18 teams in February 2024. For most of Serie A's history, there were 16 or 18 clubs competing at
2769-516: The decision. Maurizio Beretta, the former head of Italy's employers' association, became president of the new league. In April 2016, it was announced that Serie A was selected by the International Football Association Board to test video replays, which were initially private for the 2016–17 season , allowing them to become a live pilot phase, with replay assistance implemented in the 2017–18 season . On
2840-755: The end of the 1998–99 season. In the 1990s, Serie A was at its most popular in the United Kingdom when it was shown on Football Italia on Channel 4 , although it has actually appeared on more UK channels than any other league, rarely staying in one place for long since 2002. Serie A has appeared in the UK on BSB 's The Sports Channel (1990–91), Sky Sports (1991–1992), Channel 4 (1992–2002), Eurosport (2002–2004), Setanta Sports and Bravo (2004–2007), Channel 5 (2007–2008), ESPN (2009–2013), Eleven Sports Network (2018), Premier , FreeSports (2019–2021) and currently BT Sport (2013–2018; 2021–present). In
2911-520: The end of the season are relegated to Serie B , and three Serie B teams are promoted to replace them for the next season. In 2023–24, Serie A was ranked as the best league by UEFA coefficient . This was due to a combination of all seven Serie A teams progressing into the knockout stages in European competition, picking up extra coefficient points. Additionally, Atalanta won the Europa League Final and Fiorentina were losing finalists in
Prima Divisione - Misplaced Pages Continue
2982-400: The end of the season. Thus, in Italian football a true round-robin format is used. In the first half of the season, called the andata , each team plays once against each league opponent, for a total of 19 games. In the second half of the season, called the ritorno , the teams play another 19 games, once more against each opponent, in which home and away matches are reversed. The two halves of
3053-460: The final scores as ratified by UEFA. Final tournament matches and penalty shoot-outs are not taken into consideration. In addition to the match points, the bonus points are awarded for each season.The points are given as follows: Since 2020 FIFA Futsal World Cup qualification , the UEFA coefficients are based on the Elo rating system and are constantly updated to all non-friendly matches. This ranking
3124-537: The first published by the Confederation and has merely informative value. Note that the table take into account the results from the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, which was a non-UEFA competition that took place until 1971, whose teams in the first editions were representing cities instead of clubs. The table shows the ranking of nations with respect to the total number of years in the top three of
3195-511: The league phase and which teams must go through qualifying. For instance, the teams who occupy the top four league places in the associations ranked 1 to 4 in UEFA competition, the top two teams of the association ranked 5 and 6, and the champions in the associations ranked 7 to 10 gain automatic entry into the league phase for the following season's Champions League competition. The ranking below takes into account of each association's performance in European competitions from 2020–21 to 2024–25, with
3266-700: The middle of the 2000–01 season, the old quota system, which limited each team to having no more than five non-EU players and using no more than three in each match, was abolished. Concurrent with the abolishment of the quota, the FIGC had investigated footballers that used fake passports. Alberto and Warley , Alejandro Da Silva and Jorginho Paulista of Udinese; Fábio Júnior and Gustavo Bartelt of Roma; Dida of Milan; Álvaro Recoba of Inter; Thomas Job , Francis Zé , Jean Ondoa of Sampdoria; and Jeda and Dede of Vicenza were all banned in July 2001 for lengths ranging from six months to one year. However, most of
3337-472: The number of clubs from an association that will participate in the UEFA Champions League , the UEFA Europa League and the UEFA Conference League . The UEFA ranking determines the number of teams competing in the season after the next, not in the first season after the publication of the ranking. Thus, the rankings at the end of the 2022–23 season determine the team allocation by association in
3408-504: The number of participants for each association in the UEFA Cup. Subsequently, for statistical purposes, various rankings were introduced to portray the history of the associations. According to the prorated (extended) calculation system, only four associations have succeeded in being ranked as the top European association. Following the Heysel Stadium disaster , all English teams were banned from UEFA competitions in 1985. The ban
3479-418: The previous five seasons or 20% of the club's association coefficient over the same period, whichever coefficient is higher. This ranking is used by UEFA to determine a club's seeding in club competition draws, including the qualifying and group stages of the UEFA Champions League , UEFA Europa League , UEFA Conference League . The clubs receive two points for a win, one point for a draw, and no points for
3550-426: The qualifying stages of the 2020–21 UEFA Champions League and 2020–21 UEFA Europa League , were changed to single-leg matches. In those cases where there was such a change in format, the following points were awarded instead: This translates to the original system (2 points for a win, 1 point for a draw, 0 points for a loss) by considering the "unplayed leg" as a draw. The following is the default access list for
3621-451: The rankings: The ranking below takes into account of each association's performance in European competitions from 2020–21 to 2024–25, with the 2024–25 season currently taking place. The final ranking at the end of the 2024–25 season will be used to determine the number of places for each association in the 2026–27 UEFA Women's Champions League. As of 21 November 2024 the coefficients are as follows: Notes The following data indicates
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#17327941034343692-419: The same weighting as titles that were subsequently awarded. Similarly, the 1945–46 season, when the round-robin was suspended and the league was played over two geographical groups due to the ravages of World War II , is not statistically considered, even if its title is fully official. The league hosts three of the world's most famous clubs as Juventus , AC Milan and Inter Milan , all founding members of
3763-504: The scudetto or stays up at 17th is decided by a single-legged play-off game of 90 minutes and penalties (no extra time), to be held at a neutral venue, with the host team decided by the tiebreakers listed below. If at least three teams are tied for one of those spots, then the two teams to play in the match is decided by a mini table between the teams involved using the tiebreakers below. The deciding tie-breakers for any ties on all other positions are as follows: Between 2006–07 and 2021–22,
3834-492: The season had exactly the same order of fixtures until the 2021–22 season , when an asymmetrical calendar was introduced, following the format of the English , Spanish and French leagues. Since the 1994–95 season , teams are awarded three points for a win, one point for a draw, and no points for a loss. Prior to this, teams were awarded two points for a win, one for a draw and none for a loss. The three lowest-placed teams at
3905-499: The sixth level. In 1959 the Prima Divisione championship was replaced by local Prima Categoria , Seconda Categoria and Terza Categoria championships. Italian Football Championship The Serie A ( Italian pronunciation: [ˈsɛːrje ˈa] ), officially known as Serie A Enilive in Italy and Serie A Made in Italy abroad for sponsorship reasons, is a professional league competition for football clubs located at
3976-454: The size of the squad. However, a cap of 25 (under-21 players were excluded) was introduced to 2015–16 season (in 2015–16 season, squad simply require 8 homegrown players but not require 4 of them from their own youth team). In the 2016–17 season, the FIGC sanctioned Sassuolo for fielding ineligible player, Antonino Ragusa . Although the club did not exceed the capacity of 21 players that were not from their own youth team (only Domenico Berardi
4047-426: The sum of the ratio of the number of points achieved to the number of games played by each team, was calculated for the past five seasons The following data indicate the top-ranked clubs in each 5-year period. Data prior to 1975–1979 period has been calculated, but precedes the first published by the Confederation and has merely informative value. Top-rated clubs listed by number of times they were top-ranked over
4118-448: The three top-ranked women's associations in each five-year period. The table shows the ranking of nations with respect to the total number of years in the top three of the rankings: Introduced first in 1990 with various calculation principles applied throughout the years, currently the club coefficient is either the sum of the points earned by the club in the UEFA Champions League , UEFA Europa League and UEFA Conference League over
4189-440: The tiebreakers currently used for all places to decide the scudetto winner if necessary, though this was never needed. Before 2005–06, a play-off would immediately be used if teams were tied for first place, a European qualification spot, or a relegation spot. In some past years, the playoff was a single game at a neutral site while in others it was a two-legged tie decided by aggregate score. A playoff game has never been needed since
4260-577: The tiebreaking format changed. The only time a playoff was used to decide the champion occurred in the 1963–64 season when Bologna and Inter both finished on 54 points. Bologna won the playoff 2–0 at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome to win the scudetto. Playoff games were used on multiple occasions to decide European competition qualifications (most recently in 1999–2000 ) and relegation (most recently in 2022–23 ). Before 1929, many clubs competed in
4331-480: The time Romania was not a member of the EU. Other examples include Júlio César , Victor Obinna and Maxwell , who joined Inter from Chievo (first two) and Empoli , respectively. Serie A also imposed Homegrown players rule, a modification of Homegrown Player Rule (UEFA) . Unlike UEFA, Serie A at first did not cap the number of players in first team squad at 25, meaning the club could employ more foreigners by increasing
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#17327941034344402-408: The top level of Italian football as the earlier rounds were competed up to 1922 on a regional basis then interregional up to 1929. Below is a list of Serie A clubs who have competed in the competition since it has been a league format (68 in total). The following 20 clubs are competing in the Serie A during the 2024–25 season. There are 68 teams that have taken part in 93 Serie A championships in
4473-452: The top level. Since 2004–05 , however, there have been 20 clubs in total. One season (1947–48) was played with 21 teams for political reasons, following post-war tensions with Yugoslavia. Below is a complete record of how many teams played in each season throughout the league's history: During the season, which runs from August to May, each club plays each of the other teams twice; once at home and once away, totalling 38 games for each team by
4544-556: The top of the Italian football league system . The winners are awarded the Coppa Campioni d'Italia trophy and the scudetto , a decoration that they wear on the jersey the season after the victory. It has been operating as a round-robin tournament for over ninety years since the 1929–30 season . It had been organized by the Direttorio Divisioni Superiori until 1943, the Lega Calcio until 2010, and
4615-473: The two broadcasters in Italy are the satellite broadcaster Sky Italia and streaming platform DAZN for its own pay television networks; RAI is allowed to broadcast only highlights (in exclusive from 13:30 to 22:30 CET ). This is a list of television rights in Italy (since 2021–22): Since the 2010–11 season, Serie A clubs have negotiated television rights collectively rather than on an individual club basis, having previously abandoned collective negotiation at
4686-448: Was awarded after: 1) Transferred 1 non-EU player abroad, or 2) Release 1 non-EU player as free agent, or 3) A non-EU player received EU nationality. Clubs with three or more non-EU players had two conditional quotas, but releasing two non-EU players as free agent only gave one quota instead of two. Serie B and Lega Pro clubs could not sign non-EU players from abroad, except those that followed a club promoted from Serie D . On 2 July 2010,
4757-494: Was divided in two leagues: Lega Nord (Northern League) and Lega Sud (Southern League) . The Lega Nord championship was the main competition, and it was divided in two groups of twelve teams each. The winners of the two groups qualified for the final (Northern League Final) while the last teams were relegated in Seconda Divisione (Second Division) . The Lega Sud championship was still divided in many regional groups;
4828-545: Was eligible as youth product of their own) as well as under 21 of age (born 1995 or after, of which four players were eligible) in their 24-men call-up, It was reported that on Lega Serie A side the squad list was not updated. In 2015–16 season, the following quota was announced. Main page: Serie A Player of the Month The Serie A Player of the Month recognises the best player each month in Serie A, which
4899-429: Was not formed until 1929–30 , the league recognizes clubs who were named Italian champions before the league's foundation. No champions was awarded in 1926–27 and 2004-05 seasons, after Torino and Juventus were stripped from their titles due to their involvement in football scandals. Bold indicates clubs which play in the 2024–25 Serie A . Boldface indicates a player still active in Serie A. Italics indicates
4970-413: Was only lifted after five seasons, with the knock-on effects continuing to impact on English football for a total of nine years from 1986 to 1994. Having been top in 1985, England were un-ranked in 1990 and would not regain the top position until 2008. The following data indicates the three top-ranked associations in each five-year period. Data prior to 1975–1979 period has been calculated, but precedes
5041-691: Was reduced from 265 in 2002–03 season to 166 in 2006–07 season. This reduction also included players who received EU status after their respective countries joined the EU (see 2004 and 2007 enlargement ), which made players such as Adrian Mutu , Valeri Bojinov , Marek Jankulovski and Marius Stankevičius EU players. The quota system changed again at the beginning of the 2008–09 season: three quotas were awarded to clubs that do not have non-EU players in their squad (previously only newly promoted clubs could have three quotas); clubs that had one non-EU player had two quotas. Those clubs that had two non-EU players were awarded one quota and one conditional quota, which
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