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39-520: [REDACTED] Look up programme , program , programming , or programmer in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Program (American English, Australian English), programme (Commonwealth English), programmer , or programming may refer to: Business and management [ edit ] Program management , the process of managing several related projects Time management Program,

78-441: A computer how to perform a specific task Computer programming , the act of instructing computers to perform tasks Programming language , an artificial language designed to communicate instructions to a machine Game programming , the software development of video games Mathematical programming , or optimization, is the selection of a best element Programmer , a person who writes software Programmer (hardware) ,

117-441: A computer how to perform a specific task Computer programming , the act of instructing computers to perform tasks Programming language , an artificial language designed to communicate instructions to a machine Game programming , the software development of video games Mathematical programming , or optimization, is the selection of a best element Programmer , a person who writes software Programmer (hardware) ,

156-430: A part of planning Arts and entertainment [ edit ] Audio [ edit ] Programming (music) , generating music electronically Radio programming , act of scheduling content for radio Synthesizer programmer , a person who develops the instrumentation for a piece of music Video or television [ edit ] Broadcast programming , scheduling content for television Program music ,

195-415: A physical device that configures electronic circuits Program (machine) , a technical setting stored in the memory of a machine or piece of hardware to be executed, including computers Research program , a professional network of scientists conducting basic research Software engineer , someone who participates in a software development process Other uses [ edit ] Media Programme of

234-415: A physical device that configures electronic circuits Program (machine) , a technical setting stored in the memory of a machine or piece of hardware to be executed, including computers Research program , a professional network of scientists conducting basic research Software engineer , someone who participates in a software development process Other uses [ edit ] Media Programme of

273-446: A professional therapist or clergyman to whom confidentiality and privilege might apply. Professionals and paraprofessionals who refer patients to these groups, to avoid both civil liability and licensure problems, have been advised that they should alert their patients that, at any time, their statements made in meetings may be disclosed. One review warned of detrimental iatrogenic effects of twelve-step philosophy and labeled

312-615: A response to treating addiction as a disease that is enabled by family systems . Adult Children of Alcoholics (ACA or ACOA) addresses the effects of growing up in an alcoholic or otherwise dysfunctional family. Co-Dependents Anonymous ( CoDA ) addresses compulsions related to relationships, referred to as codependency . Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), the first twelve-step fellowship, was founded in 1935 by Bill Wilson and Dr. Robert Holbrook Smith , known to AA members as "Bill W." and "Dr. Bob", in Akron, Ohio . In 1946 they formally established

351-553: A rule, in twelve-step fellowships, spiritual awakening occurs slowly over a period of time, although there are exceptions where members experience a sudden spiritual awakening. In accordance with the First Step, twelve-step groups emphasize self-admission by members of the problem they are recovering from. It is in this spirit that members often identify themselves along with an admission of their problem, often as "Hi, I’m [first name only], and I’m an alcoholic". A sponsor

390-476: A type of art music that attempts to render musically an extra-musical narrative Synthesizer patch or program, a synthesizer setting stored in memory "Program", an instrumental song by Linkin Park from LP Underground Eleven Programmer, a film on the lower half of a double feature bill; see B-movie Science and technology [ edit ] Computer program , a set of instructions that describes to

429-425: A type of art music that attempts to render musically an extra-musical narrative Synthesizer patch or program, a synthesizer setting stored in memory "Program", an instrumental song by Linkin Park from LP Underground Eleven Programmer, a film on the lower half of a double feature bill; see B-movie Science and technology [ edit ] Computer program , a set of instructions that describes to

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468-780: A worldwide membership of millions have adopted and adapted AA’s 12 Steps and 12 Traditions for recovery . Narcotics Anonymous was formed by addicts who did not relate to the specifics of alcohol dependency. Demographic preferences related to the addicts' drug of choice has led to the creation of Cocaine Anonymous , Crystal Meth Anonymous and Marijuana Anonymous . Behavioral issues such as compulsion for or addiction to gambling , crime , food , sex , hoarding , getting into debt and work are addressed in fellowships such as Gamblers Anonymous , Overeaters Anonymous , Sexaholics Anonymous and Debtors Anonymous . Auxiliary groups such as Al-Anon and Nar-Anon , for friends and family members of alcoholics and addicts, respectively, are part of

507-455: Is a more experienced person in recovery who guides the less-experienced aspirant ("sponsee") through the program's twelve steps. New members in twelve-step programs are encouraged to secure a relationship with at least one sponsor who both has a sponsor and has taken the twelve steps themselves. Publications from twelve-step fellowships emphasize that sponsorship is a "one on one" nonhierarchical relationship of shared experiences focused on working

546-486: Is described as the cognitive processes that cause the individual to repeat the compulsive behavior after some period of abstinence, either knowing that the result will be an inability to stop or operating under the delusion that the result will be different. The description in the First Step of the life of the alcoholic or addict as "unmanageable" refers to the lack of choice that the mind of the addict or alcoholic affords concerning whether to drink or use again. The illness of

585-532: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages programme (Redirected from Programme ) [REDACTED] Look up programme , program , programming , or programmer in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Program (American English, Australian English), programme (Commonwealth English), programmer , or programming may refer to: Business and management [ edit ] Program management ,

624-515: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Twelve-step program As summarized by the American Psychological Association (APA), the process involves the following: Twelve-step methods have been adapted to address a wide range of alcoholism , substance abuse , and dependency problems. Over 200 mutual aid organizations—often known as fellowships —with

663-620: Is often encouraged. Sponsees typically do their Fifth Step, review their moral inventory written as part of the Fourth Step, with their sponsor. The Fifth Step, as well as the Ninth Step, have been compared to confession and penitence . Michel Foucault , a French philosopher, noted such practices produce intrinsic modifications in the person—exonerating, redeeming and purifying them; relieves them of their burden of wrong, liberating them and promising salvation. The personal nature of

702-405: The spiritual principle of anonymity in the public media and members are also asked to respect each other's confidentiality . This is a group norm , however, and not legally mandated; there are no legal consequences to discourage those attending twelve-step groups from revealing information disclosed during meetings. Statutes on group therapy do not encompass those associations that lack

741-643: The European Union Program (German non-profit) , a project space in Berlin for art and architecture See also [ edit ] Application software Deprogramming Dramatic programming , fictional television content Neuro-linguistic programming , a pseudoscientific method aimed at modifying human behavior Twelve-step program , a set of guiding principles for recovery from addiction, compulsion, or other behavioral problems The Program (disambiguation) Topics referred to by

780-515: The European Union Program (German non-profit) , a project space in Berlin for art and architecture See also [ edit ] Application software Deprogramming Dramatic programming , fictional television content Neuro-linguistic programming , a pseudoscientific method aimed at modifying human behavior Twelve-step program , a set of guiding principles for recovery from addiction, compulsion, or other behavioral problems The Program (disambiguation) Topics referred to by

819-473: The Twelve Steps. According to Narcotics Anonymous: Sponsors share their experience, strength, and hope with their sponsees... A sponsor's role is not that of a legal adviser, a banker, a parent, a marriage counselor, or a social worker. Nor is a sponsor a therapist offering some sort of professional advice. A sponsor is simply another addict in recovery who is willing to share his or her journey through

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858-439: The Twelve Steps. Sponsors and sponsees participate in activities that lead to spiritual growth. Experiences in the program are often shared by outgoing members with incoming members. This rotation of experience is often considered to have a great spiritual reward. These may include practices such as literature discussion and study, meditation, and writing. Completing the program usually implies competency to guide newcomers which

897-681: The Twelve Traditions. A singleness of purpose emerged as Tradition Five: "Each group has but one primary purpose—to carry its message to the alcoholic who still suffers". Consequently, drug addicts who do not suffer from the specifics of alcoholism involved in AA hoping for recovery technically are not welcome in "closed" meetings unless they have a desire to stop drinking alcohol . The principles of AA have been used to form numerous other fellowships specifically designed for those recovering from various pathologies ; each emphasizes recovery from

936-419: The allergy-like bodily reaction resulting in the compulsion to continue using substances even when it's harmful or the addict wants to quit. The statement in the First Step that the individual is "powerless" over the substance-abuse related behavior at issue refers to the lack of control over this compulsion, which persists despite any negative consequences that may be endured as a result. The mental obsession

975-399: The areas of publicity, politics, religion, and finances. Alcoholics Anonymous' Twelve Traditions are: In the twelve-step program, the human structure is symbolically represented in three dimensions: physical, mental, and spiritual. The problems the groups deal with are understood to manifest themselves in each dimension. For addicts and alcoholics, the physical dimension is best described by

1014-434: The behavioral issues that lead to seeking help in twelve-step fellowships results in a strong relationship between sponsee and sponsor. As the relationship is based on spiritual principles, it is unique and not generally characterized as "friendship". Fundamentally, the sponsor has the single purpose of helping the sponsee recover from the behavioral problem that brought the sufferer into twelve-step work, which reflexively helps

1053-512: The languaging of the third step (which once spoke of making "a decision to turn our will and our lives over to the care of God as we understand Him" ) sometimes occur to avoid gender-specific pronouns or to accommodate non-theistic beliefs. Some Twelve-steppers may adapt references to "God" to refer to a "higher power" or to "HP". The Twelve Traditions accompany the Twelve Steps. The Traditions provide guidelines for group governance. They were developed in AA in order to help resolve conflicts in

1092-422: The majority of twelve-step members are recovering from addiction to alcohol or other drugs. The majority of twelve-step programs, however, address illnesses other than substance addiction. For example, the third-largest twelve-step program, Al-Anon , assists family members and friends of people who have alcoholism and other addictions. About twenty percent of twelve-step programs are for substance addiction recovery,

1131-425: The organizations as cults , while another review asserts that these programs bore little semblance to religious cults and that the techniques used appeared beneficial to some. Another study found that a twelve-step program's focus on self-admission of having a problem increases deviant stigma and strips members of their previous cultural identity , replacing it with the deviant identity. Another study asserts that

1170-582: The other eighty percent address a variety of problems from debt to depression . It would be an error to assume the effectiveness of twelve-step methods at treating problems in one domain translates to all or to another domain. A 2020 Cochrane review of Alcoholics Anonymous showed that participation in AA resulted in more alcoholics being abstinent from alcohol and for longer periods of time than cognitive behavioral therapy and motivational enhancement therapy , and as effective as these in other measures. The 2020 review did not compare twelve step programs to

1209-512: The process of managing several related projects Time management Program, a part of planning Arts and entertainment [ edit ] Audio [ edit ] Programming (music) , generating music electronically Radio programming , act of scheduling content for radio Synthesizer programmer , a person who develops the instrumentation for a piece of music Video or television [ edit ] Broadcast programming , scheduling content for television Program music ,

Program - Misplaced Pages Continue

1248-948: The researchers behind the review noted the weakness of most of the studies analyzed, which may lead to interpretations of their results that did not accurately reflect the actual picture. In the past, some medical professionals have criticized twelve-step programs as "a cult that relies on God as the mechanism of action" and as lacking any experimental evidence in favor of its efficacy. Ethical and operational issues had prevented robust randomized controlled trials from being conducted comparing twelve-step programs directly to other approaches. More recent studies employing non-randomized and quasi-experimental studies have shown twelve-step programs provide similar benefit compared to motivational enhancement therapy (MET) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and were more effective in producing continuous abstinence and remission compared to these approaches. The Twelve Traditions encourage members to practice

1287-411: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Program . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Program&oldid=1256541828 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

1326-411: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Program . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Program&oldid=1256541828 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

1365-543: The specific malady which brought the sufferer into the fellowship. The following are the twelve steps as published in 2001 by Alcoholics Anonymous: Where other twelve-step groups have adapted the AA steps as guiding principles, step one is generally updated to reflect the focus of recovery. For example, in Overeaters Anonymous, the first step reads, "We admitted we were powerless over compulsive overeating—that our lives had become unmanageable." Variations in

1404-462: The spiritual dimension, or "spiritual malady," is considered in all twelve-step groups to be self-centeredness. The process of working the steps is intended to replace self-centeredness with a growing moral consciousness and a willingness for self-sacrifice and unselfish constructive action. In twelve-step groups, this is known as a "spiritual awakening." This should not be confused with abreaction , which produces dramatic, but temporary, changes. As

1443-584: The sponsor recover. A study of sponsorship as practiced in Alcoholics Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous found that providing direction and support to other alcoholics and addicts is associated with sustained abstinence for the sponsor, but suggested that there were few short-term benefits for the sponsee's one-year sustained abstinence rate. Alcoholics Anonymous is the largest of all of the twelve-step programs (from which all other twelve-step programs are derived), followed by Narcotics Anonymous;

1482-464: The twelve traditions to help deal with the issues of how various groups could relate and function as membership grew. The practice of remaining anonymous (using only one's first names) when interacting with the general public was published in the first edition of the AA Big Book. As AA chapters were increasing in number during the 1930s and 1940s, the guiding principles were gradually defined as

1521-463: The use of disulfiram or naltrexone , though some patients did receive these medications. These medications are considered the standard of care in alcohol use disorder treatment among medical experts and have demonstrated efficacy in randomized-controlled trials in promoting alcohol abstinence. A systematic review published in 2017 found that twelve-step programs for reducing illicit drug use are neither better nor worse than other interventions, though

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