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26-508: Established in 1985 by a group of seven dealers, which included David Hall, the former president of the firm, PCGS aimed to create authoritative grading standards with a firm commitment to ensuring the accuracy of grading through guarantees. PCGS began operations on February 3, 1986. The firm has since started grading foreign coins and established divisions in Europe and Asia, and was purchased by Collectors Universe . PCGS offers certification for

52-404: A "Plus" designation. Coins considered attractive get a "Star" moniker. Cleaned, scratched, or otherwise impaired coins can be encapsulated and assigned a verbal "details" grade, but not a numerical one. Additional information is also given for graded and labeled mules and mint errors , specifying the particular error in addition to a numerical grade. NGC has used EdgeView Holders since 2007 for

78-566: A new company formed for the acquisition. On January 30, 2019, it took back the division and has rebranded it PCGS Banknote. In October 2012, Collectors Universe's division PCGS (Professional Coin Grading Service) authenticated the 25 millionth coin (PCGS Secure Plus MS65) from Japan, being a historical milestone of the company performance. Professional Sports Authenticator (PSA) focuses on sports and trading cards market. PSA/DNA Autograph Authentication and Grading Services focuses on

104-416: A numerical grade from PCGS. However, upon request, they can still be authenticated and assigned verbal "details" grades. The PCGS holder, or a Coin slab which is made of clear, inert plastic and is stackable. Anti-counterfeiting measures include a hologram on the back, markings within the holder, and Near Field Communication (NFC) chip embedded in some holders. Printed on the front of the blue paper insert

130-490: A specific weight. Factors like grading accuracy and authentication were considered. Respondents were asked to rank each category on a scale of 10 points, spanning from the lowest ranking of "Unacceptable" to the highest rating of "Outstanding". In 1990, the Federal Trade Commission initiated a civil action against PCGS, asserting that the company had made exaggerated claims in its advertising. A resolution

156-552: A wide range of U.S. and foreign coins. This process involves grading, authenticating, attributing, and encapsulating these coins in transparent, airtight plastic holders. In addition to these services, PCGS provides specialized label programs, designations like "First Strike," high-quality photography through True View, conservation services, and tiered certification options based on coin values and turnaround times. It's important to note that coins that have been improperly cleaned, doctored, damaged, or exhibit other impairments won't receive

182-553: Is a subsidiary of Certified Collectibles Group (CCG), which owns six collectible certification services and is in turn owned by Blackstone , a multibillion-dollar New York City hedge fund. NGC was founded in 1987 in Parsippany, N.J. by John Albanese , who also founded Professional Coin Grading Service . A majority stake was later purchased by coin dealer Mark Salzberg. Along with CEO Steven Eichenbaum, Salzberg owns

208-673: Is accessible at no cost and is updated daily on their website. It's important to note that while this information used to be available in a printed version released monthly, that hardcopy version has been discontinued. Through an analysis of the population reports provided by both PCGS and NGC, estimations of coin rarity have been facilitated. By examining these databases over time, certain coins previously believed to be rare have turned out to be surprisingly common, while others assumed to be common have revealed themselves to be more scarce than initially thought. Numismatic professionals closely follow these population reports because they understand that

234-416: Is sourced from various channels, including dealer advertisements and price lists, realized auction prices, and transactions that occur during trade shows. In 2001, PCGS introduced its Set Registry program, which is accessible at no cost. This initiative features an online leaderboard where collectors can engage in friendly competition across numerous potential sets, all comprising PCGS-graded coins. Currently,

260-444: Is the coin's type, denomination, grade, attribution, pedigree (if any), serial number, Universal Product Code (UPC), and other pertinent information. First-generation PCGS coin holders are smaller and lack the raised stackable edges of later issues. Their insert was printed on plain white paper. In some of these early holders, the coin will be loose enough to produce noise when the holder is handled, thus their "rattler" nickname. PCGS

286-602: The Presidential Dollar series and for all other coins since 2008. Since 2009, a scratch-resistant holder coating, similar to that used on eyeglass lenses, has been employed. NGC offers Oversize holders for coins larger than 45 mm and up to 120 mm, and Mega holders for coins larger than 120 mm and up to 180 mm. NGC's label lists a coin's denomination, variety, grade, pedigree, serial number, and other info. NGC Cert Lookup verifies all NGC-certified coins and helps combat holder counterfeiting. Using

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312-898: The CDN Greysheet, a price guide for coins similar to the Kelley Blue Book . NGC commenced operations at its new location in Sarasota, Florida in 2002. In 2006, NGC relocated to a 60,000-square-foot secure building that also houses its CCG-owned sister companies, including Numismatic Conservation Services (NCS), Paper Money Guaranty (PMG), Certified Guaranty Company (CGC) , Certified Sports Guaranty (CSG), and Classic Collectible Services (CCS). In 2008, ancient coin certification began (NGC Ancients). NGC has other locations in Hong Kong, China; Shanghai, China; Munich, Germany; and London, United Kingdom. In 2021 Certified Collectibles Group

338-701: The Set Registry program hosts over 113,000 sets. Each coin in a set is given a value computed by its relative scarcity. A version of the Registry is also maintained by PCGS' main competitor, NGC . A comprehensive survey of major coin dealers, carried out in collaboration with the Professional Numismatists Guild (PNG) and the Industry Council For Tangible Assets (ICTA), disclosed that PCGS received

364-770: The approved grading service of the PNG. Similar to the ANA affiliation, this can be misleading as PNG dealers do not exclusively sell or endorse coins graded by NGC. NGC certifies most US, world, and ancient coins, tokens, and medals. The certification process consists of authentication, grading, attribution, and encapsulation in plastic holders or Coin slabs . Certification fees are tiered according to value, turnaround times, and extra services. NGC has certified over 50 million coins. NGC certification offers significant protection against counterfeiting, misattribution, overgrading, and damage, but does not necessarily determine exact value. Even within

390-704: The autographs and memorabilia market. In the publishing field, the company publishes Rare Coin Market Report and Sports Market Report monthly. During the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic in the United States , Collectors Universe Inc. requested and secured a $ 4,204,300 forgivable loan under the Paycheck Protection Program set up by the US Congress and signed by President Donald Trump . Collectors Universe Inc. subsequently returned

416-881: The combined total of 75 million certified collectibles in 2019. Collectors Universe is also a publisher in fields relating to collecting. The company engages in business-to-business market for certified coins under Certified Coin Exchange, and a business-to-consumer under Collectors Corner. PCGS Coin Authentication and Grading Services focuses on coins market and have authenticated and graded over 42.5 million coins, medals, and tokens with an estimated market value of over $ 36 billion. In 2000, Collectors Universe acquired James J. Spence, Jr .'s sports autograph authentication company and later acquired privately held Odyssey Publications Inc. In February 2009, Collectors Universe sold its currency authentication and grading division to

442-569: The cost of the service exceeds the coin's value. PCGS maintains CoinFacts, the "single source of information on U.S. coins." The free site publishes information about all federal and most non-federal U.S. coin issues, including their rarity statistics, PCGS Price Guide values, population data, public auction performances, die varieties, and photographs. PCGS offers a complimentary, partially accessible online compilation of U.S. and foreign coin values. These values pertain exclusively to coins that have received PCGS certification. The data for these values

468-529: The course of a year, each coin being graded by all Third Party Graders it was sent to. They found that "In no case did the grading services agree on the grade of any given coin, and in some cases the difference in grading was as much as seven points off". The NGC grading scale is based on the 70-point Sheldon coin grading scale . Strike designations include Prooflike and Deep Prooflike for circulation issue coins and Cameo and Ultra Cameo for Proof coins. Coins deemed high-end for their particular numeric grade receive

494-527: The dealers' top-tier "Superior" rating, which was the highest rating granted to any service. Among the other 10 grading services scrutinized in the survey, only the Numismatic Guaranty Corporation (NGC) also attained the "Superior" rating. The survey participants, consisting of coin dealers, were invited to offer their professional assessments of 11 grading services. Their evaluations were based on 12 different criteria, each assigned

520-624: The loan money they had received back to the treasury by May 2020. In November 2020, it was announced that Collectors Universe would be taken private in a $ 700 million all-cash buyout by hedge fund manager Steve Cohen , D1 Capital Partners , and collector Nat Turner in the first quarter of 2021. Among the reasons for the purchase was increased interest in collecting by consumers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Collectors Universe acquired Wata Games in July 2021. Wata Games, since around 2018, had become

546-440: The reported numbers can be affected by practices such as multiple submissions of the same coins. This involves removing coins from their holders and resubmitting them in the hope of achieving a higher grade. Consequently, population figures might be artificially inflated. Conversely, there can be instances where population figures appear lower than expected due to the hesitancy to submit less valuable coins for grading, especially when

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572-509: The same grade, coins can have widely differing values. In the May 26, 2003 edition of Coin World , the hobby newspaper had announced they had contracted investigators to conduct a year-long, comparative study of PCGS , ACCGS , and NGC, along with several other grading services, each known as Third Party Grader (TPG). In their investigation, Coin World sent the same coins to each grading service over

598-538: The video game industry's leading evaluator for video game collectibles , typically evaluating the condition of sealed games before they were auctioned for sale by Heritage Auctions . Numismatic Guaranty Corporation Numismatic Guaranty Company ( NGC ) is an international third-party coin grading and certification service based in Sarasota, Florida . It has certified more than 60 million coins. NGC certification consists of authentication , grading , attribution, and encapsulation in clear plastic holders . NGC

624-459: Was acquired by Blackstone. Also in 2021, owner Mark Salzberg's son Andrew (formerly of ModernCoinMart) was appointed Executive Vice President of NGC. In 1995, NGC was named the official grading service of the ANA, though this is purely for marketing purposes as the ANA does not encapsulate coins in its collection, and those that are encapsulated are a mix of donated coins by different services including rivals such as PCGS . In 2004, NGC became

650-677: Was at one point named the official grading service of the Professional Numismatic Guild; during that time, the PNG logo was included on the holder. This design was replaced with a different one when PNG switched their affiliation to NGC . PCGS keeps a comprehensive record, known as a census, of all the coins they have graded since their establishment. This census provides details about the grades, varieties, and specific designations assigned to each coin issue. For instance, designations like "prooflike" for Morgan dollars or "full bands" for Mercury dimes are included. This report

676-734: Was reached through a settlement in which PCGS did not officially acknowledge any wrongdoing. However, as part of the settlement terms, PCGS agreed to a five-year period during which its advertising would be subject to review and also consented to incorporating a disclaimer within its advertisements. Collectors Universe Collectors Universe Inc. is an American company formed in 1986, now based in Santa Ana, California , which provides third-party authentication and grading services to collectors, retail buyers and sellers of collectibles . Its authentication services focus on coins, trading cards, sports memorabilia, and autographs. The company reached

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