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51-570: In the 19th and early 20th centuries a provident dispensary was a clinic offering medical care to people who made a small weekly payment as a kind of medical insurance. In England, from the later 18th Century onwards, there was a growth in Medical Philanthropy. This saw the establishment of voluntary hospitals offering in-patient and dispensaries offering out-patient treatment. By 1800 dispensaries dealt with at least 10,000 admissions per year. There are competing claims to where

102-401: A birthday party , or a rite of passage . Many religions celebrate the birth of their founders or religious figures with special holidays (e.g. Christmas , Mawlid , Buddha's Birthday , Krishna Janmashtami , and Gurpurb ). There is a distinction between birth day and birth date (also known as date of birth): the former, except for February 29 , occurs each year (e.g. January 15), while

153-475: A leap year has 29 days instead of the usual 28, so the year lasts 366 days instead of the usual 365. A person born on February 29 may be called a " leapling " or a "leaper". In common years, they usually celebrate their birthdays on February 28. In some situations, March 1 is used as the birthday in a non-leap year since it is the day following February 28. Technically, a leapling will have fewer birthday anniversaries than their age in years. This phenomenon

204-501: A pagan custom. Saint's days were typically celebrated on the anniversary of their martyrdom or death, considered the occasion of or preparation for their entrance into Heaven or the New Jerusalem . Ordinary folk celebrated their saint's day (the saint they were named after), but nobility celebrated the anniversary of their birth. The "Squire's Tale", one of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales , opens as King Cambuskan proclaims

255-422: A ' name day ', otherwise known as a 'Saint's day'. It is celebrated in much the same way as a birthday, but it is held on the official day of a saint with the same Christian name as the birthday person; the difference being that one may look up a person's name day in a calendar, or easily remember common name days (for example, John or Mary ); however in pious traditions, the two were often made to concur by giving

306-732: A 16.9% decrease in Caesarean births on Halloween , compared to dates occurring within one week before and one week after the October holiday. In contrast, on Valentine's Day there is a 3.6% increase in spontaneous births and a 12.1% increase in Caesarean births. In Sweden 9.3% of the population is born in March and 7.3% in November when a uniform distribution would give 8.3%. In the Gregorian calendar (a common solar calendar ), February in

357-404: A business relationship. In veterinary medicine , the client is the owner or guardian of the patient. These may be used by governmental agencies, insurance companies , patient groups, or health care facilities . Individuals who use or have used psychiatric services may alternatively refer to themselves as consumers, users, or survivors . In nursing homes and assisted living facilities,

408-459: A decade, medical errors are even more likely to happen in a doctor's office or outpatient clinic or center. A day patient (or day-patient ) is a patient who is using the full range of services of a hospital or clinic but is not expected to stay the night. The term was originally used by psychiatric hospital services using of this patient type to care for people needing support to make the transition from in-patient to out-patient care. However,

459-513: A feast to celebrate his birthday. The Catholic Church , the Eastern Orthodox Church and Protestantism , i.e. the three main branches of Christianity , as well as almost all Christian religious denominations, consider celebrating birthdays acceptable or at most a choice of the individual. An exception are Jehovah's Witnesses , who do not celebrate them for various reasons: in their interpretation this feast has pagan origins,

510-551: A fixed day of the year, which may not necessarily match the day of their birth, but on which celebrations are held. Examples are: Birthdays are fairly evenly distributed through the year, with some seasonal effects. In the United States, there tend to be more births in September and October. This may be because there is a holiday season nine months before (the human gestation period is about nine months), or because

561-400: A highly formal, ritualized manner. They treat Buddha's statue as if it was Buddha himself, as if he were alive; bathing, and "feeding" him. Hindus celebrate the birth anniversary day every year when the day that corresponds to the lunar month or solar month (Sun Signs Nirayana System – Sourava Mana Masa) of birth and has the same asterism (Star/Nakshatra) as that of the date of birth. That age

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612-436: A newborn the name of a saint celebrated on its day of confirmation , more seldom one's birthday. Some are given the name of the religious feast of their christening's day or birthday, for example, Noel or Pascal (French for Christmas and "of Easter"); as another example, Togliatti was given Palmiro as his first name because he was born on Palm Sunday . Some notables, particularly monarchs, have an official birthday on

663-418: A silent wish and attempt to blow out the candles in one breath; if successful, superstition holds that the wish will be granted. In many cultures, the wish must be kept secret or it will not "come true". Presents are bestowed on the individual by the guests appropriate to their age. Other birthday activities may include entertainment (sometimes by a hired professional, i.e. a clown, magician, or musician), and

714-406: A special toast or speech by the birthday celebrant. The last stanza of Patty Hill 's and Mildred Hill 's famous song, "Good Morning to You" (unofficially titled " Happy Birthday to You ") is typically sung by the guests at some point in the proceedings. In some countries, a piñata takes the place of a cake. In some historically Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox countries, it is common to have

765-550: A theme for some gifts or decorations. Because of the importance attached to the influence of these stars in ancient China and throughout the Sinosphere , East Asian age reckoning previously began with one at birth and then added years at each Chinese New Year, so that it formed a record of the suì one had lived through rather than of the exact amount of time from one's birth. This method—which can differ by as much as two years of age from other systems—is increasingly uncommon and

816-495: A thirteen-day period, between September 22 and October 4. The ten least common birthdays (other than February 29) are December 24–27, January 1–2, February 6 , March 22, April 1 and April 25 . This is based on all live births registered in New Zealand between 1980 and 2017. Positive and negative associations with culturally significant dates may influence birth rates. The study shows a 5.3% decrease in spontaneous births and

867-578: Is called ambulatory care . Sometimes surgery is performed without the need for a formal hospital admission or an overnight stay, and this is called outpatient surgery or day surgery, which has many benefits including lowered healthcare cost , reducing the amount of medication prescribed, and using the physician's or surgeon's time more efficiently. Outpatient surgery is suited best for more healthy patients undergoing minor or intermediate procedures (limited urinary-tract , eye , or ear, nose, and throat procedures and procedures involving superficial skin and

918-494: Is called inpatient care . The admission to the hospital involves the production of an admission note . The leaving of the hospital is officially termed discharge , and involves a corresponding discharge note , and sometimes an assessment process to consider ongoing needs. In the English National Health Service this may take the form of "Discharge to Assess" - where the assessment takes place after

969-506: Is entirely different from the usual word for "year(s)" ( 年 , nián ), reflecting the former importance of Chinese astrology and the belief that one's fate was bound to the stars imagined to be in opposition to the planet Jupiter at the time of one's birth. The importance of this duodecennial orbital cycle only survives in popular culture as the 12 animals of the Chinese zodiac , which change each Chinese New Year and may be used as

1020-721: Is exploited when a person claims to be only a quarter of their actual age, by counting their leap-year birthday anniversaries only. In Gilbert and Sullivan 's 1879 comic opera The Pirates of Penzance , Frederic the pirate apprentice discovers that he is bound to serve the pirates until his 21st birthday rather than until his 21st year. For legal purposes, legal birthdays depend on how local laws count time intervals. Some studies show people are more likely to die on their birthdays, with explanations including excessive drinking, suicide, cardiovascular events due to high stress or happiness, efforts to postpone death for major social events, and death certificate paperwork errors. In Judaism ,

1071-634: Is known as Gurpurb . According to Herodotus (5th century BC), of all the days in the year, the one which the Persians celebrate most is their birthday. It was customary to have the board furnished on that day with an ampler supply than common: the richer people eat wholly baked cow, horse, camel, or donkey (Greek: ὄνον ), while the poorer classes use instead the smaller kinds of cattle. The Romans enthusiastically celebrated birthdays with hedonistic parties and generous presents. The Chinese word for "year(s) old" ( t 歲 , s 岁 , suì )

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1122-637: Is most often ill or injured and in need of treatment by a physician , nurse , optometrist , dentist , veterinarian , or other health care provider . The word patient originally meant 'one who suffers'. This English noun comes from the Latin word patiens , the present participle of the deponent verb , patior , meaning 'I am suffering,' and akin to the Greek verb πάσχειν ( paskhein , to suffer) and its cognate noun πάθος ( pathos ). This language has been construed as meaning that

1173-529: Is not used for official purposes in the PRC or on Taiwan , although the word suì is still used for describing age. Traditionally, Chinese birthdays—when celebrated—were reckoned using the lunisolar calendar , which varies from the Gregorian calendar by as much as a month forward or backward depending on the year. Celebrating the lunisolar birthday remains common on Taiwan while growing increasingly uncommon on

1224-405: Is reckoned whenever Janma Nakshatra of the same month passes. Hindus regard death to be more auspicious than birth, since the person is liberated from the bondages of material society. Also, traditionally, rituals & prayers for the departed are observed on 5th and 11th day with many relatives gathering. Sikhs celebrate the anniversary of the birth of Guru Nanak and other Sikh Gurus which

1275-540: Is still registered, and the provider will usually give a note explaining the reason for the visit , tests , or procedure / surgery , which should include the names and titles of the participating personnel, the patient's name and date of birth , signature of informed consent , estimated pre-and post-service time for history and exam (before and after), any anesthesia , medications or future treatment plans needed, and estimated time of discharge absent any (further) complications . Treatment provided in this fashion

1326-725: The American occupation that followed World War II . Children's birthday parties are the most important, typically celebrated with a cake, candles, and singing. Adults often just celebrate with their partner. In North Korea , the Day of the Sun , Kim Il Sung 's birthday, is the most important public holiday of the country, and Kim Jong Il 's birthday is celebrated as the Day of the Shining Star . North Koreans are not permitted to celebrate birthdays on July 8 and December 17 because these were

1377-476: The United States and Europe celebrate birthdays as customary especially for children, while some abstain. There is also much controversy regarding the permissibility of celebrating Mawlid , (the anniversary of the birth of Muhammad ), as some Muslims judge the custom as an unacceptable practice according to Islamic tradition. Many monasteries celebrate the anniversary of Buddha's birth, usually in

1428-603: The rabbis are divided about celebrating this custom, although it is accepted by the majority of the faithful. In the Torah the only mention that is made of the birthday, refers to the celebration of Pharaoh's birthday in Egypt, as recorded in Genesis (Parashat Vaieshev) 40:20. Origen in his commentary "On Levites" wrote that Christians should not only refrain from celebrating their birthdays, but should look on them with disgust as

1479-527: The red 100 RMB notes —are the usual gift from relatives and close family friends for most children. Gifts for adults on their birthday are much less common, although the birthday for each decade is a larger occasion that might prompt a large dinner and celebration. The Japanese reckoned their birthdays by the Chinese system until the Meiji Reforms . Celebrations remained uncommon or muted until after

1530-491: The US. In the United States between 1973 and 1999, September 16 is the most common birthday in the United States and December 25 the least common birthday (other than February 29, because of leap years). In 2011, October 5 and 6 were reported as the most frequently occurring birthdays. In New Zealand, the most common birthday is September 29, and the least common birthday is December 25. The ten most common birthdays all fall within

1581-589: The center, and especially that patients themselves are heard loud and clear within health services. There are many reasons for why health services should listen more to patients. Patients spend more time in healthcare services than regulators or quality controllers, and can recognize problems such as service delays, poor hygiene, and poor conduct. Patients are particularly good at identifying soft problems, such as attitudes, communication, and 'caring neglect', that are difficult to capture with institutional monitoring. One important way in which patients can be placed at

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1632-547: The centre of healthcare is for health services to be more open about patient complaints. Each year many hundreds of thousands of patients complain about the care they have received, and these complaints contain valuable information for any health services which want to learn about and improve patient experience. Date of birth A birthday is the anniversary of the birth of a person, or figuratively of an institution . Birthdays of people are celebrated in numerous cultures, often with birthday gifts , birthday cards ,

1683-627: The centre of healthcare, when institutional procedures and targets eclipse local concerns, then patient neglect is possible. Incidents, such as the Stafford Hospital scandal , Winterbourne View hospital abuse scandal and the Veterans Health Administration controversy of 2014 have shown the dangers of prioritizing cost control over the patient experience. Investigations into these and other scandals have recommended that healthcare systems put patient experience at

1734-531: The dates of the deaths of Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il , respectively. More than 100,000 North Koreans celebrate displaced birthdays on July 9 and December 18 instead to avoid these dates. A person born on July 8 before 1994 may change their birthday, with official recognition. South Korea was one of the last countries to use a form of East Asian age reckoning for many official purposes. Prior to June 2023, three systems were used together—"Korean ages" that start with 1 at birth and increase every January 1st with

1785-528: The dispensary. In the main the medical practitioners engaged by dispensaries offered their services for free. One of the earlier English cities to have a provident dispensary was Coventry (dispensary opened in 1830) where, in the 1840s, members subscribed one penny a week for adults and a halfpenny a week for each of their children. This was seen as a suitable arrangement for working-class people who wanted to be provident and self-reliant, avoiding charitable treatment offered to 'paupers', but with no hope of paying

1836-510: The extremities). More procedures are being performed in a surgeon 's office, termed office-based surgery , rather than in a hospital-based operating room . An inpatient (or in-patient ), on the other hand, is "admitted" to stay in a hospital overnight or for an indeterminate time, usually, several days or weeks, though in some extreme cases, such as with coma or persistent vegetative state , patients can stay in hospitals for years, sometimes until death . Treatment provided in this fashion

1887-528: The fees charged to wealthier people. A provident dispensary needed a few hundred 'club' members to pay for one doctor. Some dispensaries had extra funding from philanthropists, and some arranged for hospital specialists to see dispensary patients at reduced fees. Doctors at a few provident dispensaries, in London for example, would visit patients at home. A provident dispensary was opened in Buffalo, New York in

1938-621: The first dispensary was founded but it is clear that dispensaries began being established in numbers from 1770 onwards. The Philadelphia Dispensary for the Medical Relief of the Poor, founded in 1786, is considered to be the first public dispensary in the United States. According to a historian of health services "During the nineteenth century access to healthcare was class based" . Dispensaries were funded by voluntary subscriptions. Subscribers would "recommend" local people to be treated by

1989-438: The latter is the complete date when a person was born (e.g. January 15, 2001). In most legal systems, one becomes a legal adult on a particular birthday when they reach the age of majority (usually between 12 and 21), and reaching age-specific milestones confers particular rights and responsibilities. At certain ages, one may become eligible to leave full-time education , become subject to military conscription or to enlist in

2040-508: The legal control and legal responsibilities of their parents or guardians over and for them. Most countries set the age of majority at 18, though it varies by jurisdiction. Many cultures have one or more coming of age birthdays: The birthdays of historically significant people, such as national heroes or founders, are often commemorated by an official holiday marking the anniversary of their birth. An individual's Beddian birthday, named in tribute to firefighter Bobby Beddia, occurs during

2091-528: The longest nights of the year also occur in the Northern Hemisphere nine months before. However, it appears the holidays have more of an effect on birth rates than the winter: New Zealand , a Southern Hemisphere country, has the same September and October peak with no corresponding peak in March and April. The least common birthdays tend to fall around public holidays, such as Christmas , New Year's Day and fixed-date holidays such as July 4 in

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2142-579: The mainland. Birthday traditions reflected the culture's deep-seated focus on longevity and wordplay. From the homophony in some dialects between 酒 (" rice wine ") and 久 (meaning "long" in the sense of time passing), osmanthus and other rice wines are traditional gifts for birthdays in China . Longevity noodles are another traditional food consumed on the day, although western-style birthday cakes are increasingly common among urban Chinese. Hongbaos —red envelopes stuffed with money, now especially

2193-459: The military, to consent to sexual intercourse , to marry with parental consent , to marry without parental consent, to vote , to run for elected office, to legally purchase (or consume) alcohol and tobacco products, to purchase lottery tickets, or to obtain a driver's licence . The age of majority is the age when minors cease to legally be considered children and assume control over their persons, actions, and decisions, thereby terminating

2244-425: The patient has gone home. Misdiagnosis is the leading cause of medical error in outpatient facilities. When the U.S. Institute of Medicine 's groundbreaking 1999 report, To Err Is Human , found up to 98,000 hospital patients die from preventable medical errors in the U.S. each year, early efforts focused on inpatient safety. While patient safety efforts have focused on inpatient hospital settings for more than

2295-430: The role of patients is to passively accept and tolerate the suffering and treatments prescribed by the healthcare providers, without engaging in shared decision-making about their care. An outpatient (or out-patient ) is a patient who attends an outpatient clinic with no plan to stay beyond the duration of the visit. Even if the patient will not be formally admitted with a note as an outpatient, their attendance

2346-519: The second half of the 19th century. In some places the same need might be met by friendly societies organised by the members themselves. Provident dispensaries, on the other hand, were usually set up by prosperous well-wishers and/or by a doctor, as Sophia Jex-Blake did in Edinburgh , with support from a committee. inpatient A patient is any recipient of health care services that are performed by healthcare professionals . The patient

2397-472: The term resident is generally used in lieu of patient . Similarly, those receiving home health care are called clients . The doctor–patient relationship has sometimes been characterized as silencing the voice of patients. It is now widely agreed that putting patients at the centre of healthcare by trying to provide a consistent, informative and respectful service to patients will improve both outcomes and patient satisfaction. When patients are not at

2448-457: The term is now also heavily used for people attending hospitals for day surgery. Because of concerns such as dignity , human rights and political correctness , the term "patient" is not always used to refer to a person receiving health care. Other terms that are sometimes used include health consumer , healthcare consumer , customer or client . However, such terminology may be offensive to those receiving public health care , as it implies

2499-543: The year following their birth on January 1 in the Northern Hemisphere and August 1 in the Southern Hemisphere. In certain parts of the world, an individual's birthday is celebrated by a party featuring a specially made cake . It may be decorated with lettering and the person's age, or studded with the same number of lit candles as the age of the individual. The celebrated individual may make

2550-399: The year that their age matches the last two digits of the year they were born. In many cultures and jurisdictions, if a person's real birthday is not known (for example, if they are an orphan), then their birthday may be adopted or assigned to a specific day of the year, such as January 1. The birthday of Jesus is celebrated at Christmas . Racehorses are reckoned to become one year old in

2601-506: Was not celebrated by early Christians, is negatively expounded in the Holy Scriptures and has customs linked to superstition and magic . The birthday does not reflect Islamic tradition, and because of this, the majority of Muslims refrain from celebrating it. Others do not object, as long as it is not accompanied by behavior contrary to Islamic tradition. A good portion of Muslims (and Arab Christians ) who have emigrated to

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