Misplaced Pages

#660339

51-609: A puggle is a dog crossbred from a Pug and a Beagle . The breed originated in the 1990s in the United States . The puggle originated from accidental matings. The first planned cross between a pug and a beagle took place in Oklahoma in the 1990s. The portmanteau "puggle" started appearing in 2002. The puggle has subsequently become a popular designer dog crossbreeds in the United States, where it has attracted

102-440: A Poodle every four to eight weeks. Poodles are often cited as a hypoallergenic dog breed . Their individual hair follicles have an active growth period that is longer than that of many other breeds; combined with the tightly curled coat, which slows the loss of dander and dead hair by trapping it in the curls, an individual Poodle may release less dander and hair into the environment. However, researchers have generally not found

153-639: A difference in allergens across breeds. The FCI and AKC allows Poodles to be shown in the Puppy, Continental (Lion in the FCI standard), English Saddle, or Sporting (Modern) clip. The FCI additionally recognizes the Scandinavian clip. The most popular in the show ring is the Continental clip, where the face and rear end of the body are clipped, leaving tufts on the hocks and tip of the tail and rosettes on

204-423: A lower morbidity these are in order of highest risk to lowest risk: Drever , Norwegian Buhund , Schillerstövare , Jämthund , Gråhund , Siberian Husky , Karelian Bear Dog , Smålandsstövare , Finnish Spitz , and Norbottenspets . Notably all the breeds are native to the Scandinavian peninsula and are most commonly used as working dogs. Some health issues not common in either parent breed may be more common in

255-671: A measure of their ability to learn from humans. Shyness or sharpness is considered a serious fault in the breed. The life expectancy of the Poodle varies based on size, as smaller dogs live longer than larger dogs. A study in Japan found the Toy Poodle to have a life expectancy of 12.7 years. A 2024 UK study found a life expectancy of 14 years for the breed compared to an average of 12.7 for purebreeds and 12 for crossbreeds . A 2005 Swedish study found 25% of miniature and toy Poodles died by

306-448: A number of celebrity owners. The puggle was named the "Hottest Dog of 2005" and in 2006, puggle sales accounted for more than 50% of all crossbreed dog sales in that country. Puggles, being "designer dogs", can often vary in appearance, but usually have the wrinkled forehead, black mask, and curled tail of the Pug. The puggle is less likely to inherit the energy, scent drive , and howl of

357-525: A popular companion dog. Initially, these efforts resulted in disfigured or misshapen pups, as well as pups with behavioural problems, as a result of irresponsible breeding for dwarfed size only. As new breeding practices were adopted, the variety became set as a toy-sized replica of the original. Later attempts to create an even smaller variety, the Teacup Poodle, were unable to overcome serious genetic abnormalities and were abandoned. The last of

408-405: Is also common in puggles despite not being prevalent in either Pugs or Beagles. Dog crossbreed Dog crossbreeds are combinations of lineages of the domestic dog ; they are distinguished from canid hybrids , which are interspecific crosses between Canis species (wolves, coyotes, jackals, etc.). Several types of working dog crossbreeds date from the 14th century or earlier, such as

459-492: Is called a "tuxedo" Poodle. An abstract Poodle is primarily solid-coloured, with patches of white. Phantom Poodles have a solid main color with a lighter colour appearing on their "eyebrows", muzzle and throat, legs and feet and below their tail. Phantom Poodles may also have a full face of the secondary color. Poodles are a highly intelligent, energetic, and sociable breed. A 1994 book by Stanley Corey ranked them second out of 130 breeds in "working and obedience intelligence",

510-478: Is now known as the miniature poodle, which was known as the toy poodle until 1907, as a smaller sized dog is easier to handle and transport in a travelling circus. As circus performers the variety was frequently seen performing all manner of tricks including walking tightropes, acting out comedies and even performing magic and card tricks. The Toy Poodle was created at the beginning of the 20th century when breeders again bred Miniature Poodles down in size to create

561-458: Is predisposed to hypothyroidism and Cushing's syndrome . The Poodle is one of the more commonly affected breeds for progressive rod-cone degeneration . An autosomal recessive mutation in the PRCD gene is responsible for the condition in the breed. Poodles were originally bred for waterfowl hunting . Despite this history, they are currently classified as companion dogs by the FCI. Since

SECTION 10

#1732791450661

612-404: Is that they are usually bred as companion dogs and pets . Working and hunting dogs deliberately crossbred for a particular working purpose are not generally given portmanteau names; they are most often referred to by a type name, such as eurohounds (racing sled dogs) or lurchers (hunting dogs). These dogs could be considered only as crossbreeds, not as designer animals, since appearance is not

663-435: Is the famous case of Lord Orford 's Greyhounds , which were improved by adding courage through the crossing with Old English Bulldogs , achieving the desired result after six generations. With the success of Lord Orford's dogs, the practice was adopted by other Greyhound breeders and became more common. Crossbreeding has played a key characteristic in the development of sled dogs with various crossbreeds developing to meet

714-611: The American Kennel Club , the United Kennel Club and the Canadian Kennel Club do not recognize designer crosses as dog breeds. If crossbred dogs are bred together for some period of time, and their breeding is well documented, they may eventually be considered a new breed of dog by major kennel clubs (an example of a recent crossbreed becoming a breed recognised by all major kennel clubs is

765-557: The Cesky Terrier ). New breeds of dogs must have a breed club that will document the ancestry of any individual member of that breed from the original founding dogs of the breed; when the kennel club that the breed club wishes to join is satisfied that the dogs are pedigreed, they will accept and register the dogs of that breed. Each kennel club has individual rules about how to document a new breed. Some minor registries and internet registry businesses will register dogs as any breed

816-482: The English Pointer . The Encyclopædia Britannica traces what was the "designer dog" fad to the late 20th century when breeders began to cross purebred Poodles with other purebred breeds to obtain a dog with the Poodle's hypoallergenic coat , along with various desirable characteristics from other breeds. The resulting puppies are called by a portmanteau word made up of syllables (or sounds) from

867-616: The Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI, International Canine Federation) and a minority of cynologists believe it originated in France . Similar dogs date back to at least the 17th century. Larger Poodles were originally used by wildfowl hunters to retrieve game from water, while smaller varieties were once commonly used as circus performers. Poodles were recognized by both the Kennel Club of

918-407: The lurcher or the longdog . Historically, crosses between dogs of different types were more well accepted at a time when modern purebred breeds (based on the eugenics principles) did not yet exist. These types of crosses were performed to aggregate qualities of two different types in the same dog or to perfect an already fixed type of dog, always for working purposes. An example to be cited

969-435: The phenotype of the offspring, is one strategy breeders can use to decrease the incidences of genetic defects. Knowing the disease incidence in the breed, and the genetic history of the individual, is important. Some crossbred dogs, created by breeding two purebred dogs of different breeds, may have the advantage of heterosis , or crossbreed vigor. This advantage can be progressively diluted when two crossbreeds are bred in

1020-552: The 1960s burst in poodle popularity led to rapid breeding aimed at producing good show dogs. The breeding focused on a small number of popular bloodlines, creating a genetic bottleneck. One study estimated that two average Standard Poodles are about as closely related as the offspring of two full sibling village dogs . The Poodle is predisposed to the following dermatological conditions: allergic skin disease , alopecia X or follicular arrest, injection site alopecia, otitis externa , melanoma , and sebaceous adenitis . The Poodle

1071-475: The German Chusky (German Shepherd Dog, Siberian Husky and Chow Chow cross). Like children in a family, a percentage of designer dogs with the same breed ancestry will look similar to each other, even though crossbreeding does not result in as uniform a phenotype as the breeding of purebreds. Often even pups in the same litter will look quite different. Another defining characteristic of designer dogs

SECTION 20

#1732791450661

1122-630: The Medium Poodle between 35 and 45 centimetres (14 and 18 in), the Miniature Poodle between 28 and 35 centimetres (11 and 14 in) and the Toy Poodle 24 and 28 centimetres (9.4 and 11.0 in). The kennel clubs which do not recognise the Medium Poodle variety typically have the Standard Poodle between 38 and 60 centimetres (15 and 24 in) and Miniature Poodle between 28 and 38 centimetres (11 and 15 in), with

1173-475: The Medium Poodle is not universally recognised. They have a distinctive thick, curly coat that comes in many colors and patterns, with only solid colors recognized by breed registries. Poodles are active and intelligent, and are particularly able to learn from humans. Poodles tend to live 10–18 years, with smaller varieties tending to live longer than larger ones. The Poodle likely originated in Germany , although

1224-512: The Poodle varieties to be recognised was the Medium Poodle, which in size is mid way in between the Standard and the Miniature Poodle. Not universally recognised by the world's kennel clubs , the Medium Poodle is recognised by the FCI and most Continental European kennel clubs. One of the reasons for creating this fourth size variety may have been a desire to reduce the number of entries of Poodles by variety at conformation shows . The Poodle

1275-625: The US shows the difference in life expectancy between mixed breed dogs and pedigree dogs to be minimal. A review of cemetery data in Japan found that the Shiba Inu had a life expectancy greater than crossbreeds; however crossbreeds still had a higher life expectancy than the average pedigree dog in this study. A Swedish study reviewing over 200,000 dogs registered for a veterinary insurance company in 1995 and 1996 found morbidity to be higher in most pedigrees than mongrels; however several pedigree breeds had

1326-570: The United Kingdom and the American Kennel Club (AKC) soon after the clubs' founding. Since the mid-20th century, Poodles have enjoyed enormous popularity as pets and show dogs – Poodles were the AKC's most registered breed from 1960 to 1982, and are now the FCI's third most registered breed. Poodles are also common at dog shows, where they often sport the popularly recognized Continental clip, with face and rear clipped close, and tufts of hair on

1377-452: The age of 10, less than the overall rate of 35% of dogs dying by the age of 10. Poodles suffer from a number of hereditary diseases. The Poodle Health Registry lists over 50 major health disorders of Standard Poodles. Some of the worst common hereditary poodle diseases are the skin disease sebaceous adenitis (estimated prevalence 2.7%) and Addison’s disease , an endocrine system disorder. Both diseases became more prevalent in poodles after

1428-504: The attempt to create a breed, narrowing the gene pool. The best way to continue taking advantage of crossbreed vigor is from the breeding of dogs of purebred ancestry, as this vigor is typically seen only in the first generation cross of two purebred animals of separate breeds, thus taking advantage of genetic diversity . Health of crossbred dogs depends on their being descended from healthy parents. Breeders who select their breeding stock for cost-effectiveness and who skip health testing for

1479-455: The beagle, but because of the unpredictable nature of crossing two established breeds, puggles may still inherit the behaviour of either breed and health issues belonging to either breed. The puggle usually has a snout longer than the Pug which reduces breathing problems and other health issues. Issues common in puggles include eye diseases, luxating patella , hip dysplasia , and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease . Prolapsed nictitating membrane gland

1530-480: The breed names of the two purebred parents, such as Schnoodle ( Schnauzer and Poodle cross), or Shepsky ( German Shepherd Dog / Siberian Husky cross). Other purebred breeds are being crossed to provide designer dogs described with an endless range of created labels, such as the Puggle (Pug and Beagle cross). There are even complex crosses (with multiple breeds in recent ancestry) being labeled in this manner, such as

1581-647: The breed originated in Russia , Piedmont or Northwest Africa . Whatever the Poodle's country of origin, both their German and French breed names indicate the modern Poodle's ancestors were widely used by waterfowlers both to retrieve shot game and to recover lost arrows and bolts that had missed their mark. Due to their intelligence, obedient nature, athleticism and looks poodles were frequently employed in circuses, particularly in France. In French circuses poodles were selectively bred down in size to create what

Puggle - Misplaced Pages Continue

1632-666: The breed, Poodle or "Pudel" in German, which is derived from the Low German word "puddeln", meaning "to splash". Numerous works by various German artists from as early as the 17th century depict dogs of recognisably Poodle type. Some cynologists believe the Poodle originated in France , where it is known as the "Caniche" and that the breed descends from the Barbet. This view is shared by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI, International Canine Federation). Others argue that

1683-468: The crossbreed than both of the parent breeds. Prolapsed nictitating membrane gland is a condition more common in the Puggle and Jug than both of the parent breeds, which shows the complexity of genetics and provides evidence against the theory of hybrid vigour . Overall designer dog breeds had lower rates of PNMG. Crossbreed dogs are not recognized by traditional breed registries, even if both parents are registered purebreds. Breed associations such as

1734-688: The desired trait being bred for (such as a hypoallergenic coat) needs to be known; "Heritability is the proportion of the measurable difference observed between animals for a given trait that is due to genetics (and can be passed to the next generation)." In addition, the goals of dog crossbreeding may be harder to define than the goals of livestock crossbreeding; good temperament may be harder to define and measure than high calf weight. Designer dog breeders are often criticized for being more interested in profitable puppy production than in dog health and welfare. Wally Conron, writing in Reader's Digest , comments on

1785-582: The development of the eurohound and greyster , crosses utilizing German shorthair pointers with Alaskan huskies and greyhounds, respectively. While the Mackenzie River husky has been largely replaced by mechanized travel, Alaskan huskies continue to be the most commonly used type of dog for competitive sled dog racing today. Other historical examples are the bull and terrier ( Old English Bulldog and terrier cross) and crosses between foxhounds and Old Spanish Pointers that later resulted in

1836-408: The early 1900s, and are excluded from many registries. The American Kennel Club (AKC) recognizes Poodles in either solid-coloured and multi-colored coats; however, only solid-colored poodles may compete in conformation . A parti-Poodle has patches of any other solid colour over a primarily white coat. When a parti-coloured Poodle has black-and-white markings that resemble those of a tuxedo , it

1887-834: The hair is completely brushed out. Poodle hair can also be "corded" with rope-like mats similar to those of a Komondor or human dreadlocks . Though once as common as the curly Poodle, corded Poodles are now rare. Corded coats are difficult to keep clean and take a long time to dry after washing. Corded Poodles may be shown in all major kennel club shows. The Poodle has a wide variety of colouring, including white, black, brown, blue, gray, silver, café au lait , silver beige, cream, apricot, and red, and patterns such as parti-, abstract, sable , brindle and phantom. Recognized FCI colourations are black, white, brown, gray, fawn, brindle, black&fawn, brown&fawn, bicolor and tricolor. Recognition of multi-colored Poodles varies by registry. They were common historically, but became less popular in

1938-455: The hips. A similar clip was historically used to prevent the poodle from getting weighted down by their fur when swimming to retrieve a bird, while still leaving their joints and vital organs covered. Pet poodles are most often clipped similarly to the Sporting clip —evenly over their entire body, with the face and paws cut shorter. In most cases, whether a Poodle is in a pet or show clip,

1989-891: The hocks and tail tip. Most cynologists believe the Poodle originated in Germany in the Middle Ages , from a dog similar to today's Standard Poodle. The Poodle was Germany's water dog , just as England had the English Water Spaniel , France the Barbet , Ireland the Irish Water Spaniel and the Netherlands the Wetterhoun . Among the evidence used to support this theory is the Germanic name for

2040-460: The late 1980s, some breeders in the United States and Canada have been selecting for dogs with drive for birds in order to revive the breed for hunting, with some success. Poodles are highly trainable dogs that typically excel in obedience training. Historically, they were a popular circus dog. In addition to hunt tests, they do well in agility and rally. They are among the most popular service dog breeds. Poodles have been used as working dogs in

2091-462: The main reason for them to be bred. An exception to this is the Labradoodle , which although having a portmanteau name, is often used as a Guide or Assistance dog as well as being a popular family dog. Although designer dogs are often selected by owners for their novelty, reputable breeders sometimes use crossbreeding in an attempt to reduce the incidence of certain hereditary problems found in

Puggle - Misplaced Pages Continue

2142-541: The military since at least the 17th century, most likely because of their highly intelligent, trainable nature. Their background as a hunting dog makes them suitable to battlefields, and they can be trained to ignore gunfire. During the English Civil War , Prince Rupert of the Rhine had a famous hunting Poodle who would ride into battle with his master on horseback. Napoleon Bonaparte wrote in his memoirs about

2193-670: The owner chooses with minimal or no documentation; some even allow the breeder or owner to make up a designer "breed name" for their pet. Poodle The Poodle , called the Pudel in German ( German: [ˈpuːdl̩] ) and the Caniche in French, is a breed of water dog . The breed is divided into four varieties based on size, the Standard Poodle , Medium Poodle , Miniature Poodle and Toy Poodle , although

2244-520: The popularity of crosses after his introduction of the Labradoodle: "Were breeders bothering to check their sires and bitches for heredity faults, or were they simply caught up in delivering to hungry customers the next status symbol?" 'Designer dog' puppies sometimes bring higher prices than the purebreds from which they are bred. Fanciers of designer dogs say that all modern dog breeds were created from earlier breeds and types of dogs through

2295-521: The purebred dogs, while retaining their more appealing traits. Jon Mooallem, writing in The New York Times , commented, "Given the roughly 350 inherited disorders littering the dog genome, crossing two purebreds and expanding their gene pools can be 'a phenomenally good idea,' according to one canine geneticist—if it is done conscientiously." Crossbreeding has not been well studied in dogs, although it has been for livestock. The heritability of

2346-402: The same kind of selective breeding that is used to create designer dogs. Most of the modern breeds have ancestries that include various older dog types and breeds; see individual breed articles for details of the origin of each breed. Crossbreeding that takes advantage of the increased chance that a recessive detrimental allele will only be inherited from one parent and therefore not expressed in

2397-559: The same reason will not produce puppies that are as reliably healthy as those bred by more conscientious breeders. However, studies of longevity in dogs have found some advantage for crossbreeds compared to purebred dogs. In general it is believed that crossbred dogs "have a far lower chance of exhibiting the disorders that are common with the parental breeds. Their genetic health will be substantially higher." Despite commonly believed to be substantially healthier than pedigree dogs data from clinical records of over 1,000 veterinary hospitals in

2448-511: The second-most of any breed. As of 2012, the Poodle was the third-most popular FCI registered breed worldwide, after the Labrador Retriever and German Shepherd , with 118,653 new dogs registered per year from the 25 countries surveyed. The Poodle is an active, athletic breed with the varieties differing mostly by size. The FCI's breed standard states the Standard Poodle stands between 45 and 62 centimetres (18 and 24 in),

2499-753: The specific needs of the era and geographical region, including the Mackenzie River husky , in which European breeds were crossed with Native American dogs to produce a powerful and hardy freighting dog in the 19th century, and the Alaskan husky , bred specifically for sled dog racing . In the 1980s, a rise in Nordic-style sled racing in Scandinavia, characterized by shorter distances than typically seen in North American sled racing, led to

2550-425: The toy variety remaining unchanged. A healthy adult Standard Poodle typically weighs between 20 and 32 kilograms (44 and 71 lb), a Medium Poodle between 15 and 19 kilograms (33 and 42 lb), a Miniature Poodle between 12 and 14 kilograms (26 and 31 lb) and a Toy Poodle between 6.5 and 7.5 kilograms (14 and 17 lb). Poodles have thick, curly coats with harsh fur. A pet owner can anticipate grooming

2601-657: Was recognised by the Kennel Club of the United Kingdom in 1874, and by the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 1886, soon after the founding of both clubs. In the United States, poodles were unpopular until 1935, when the Poodle Nunsoe Duc de la Terrace won best in show at Westminster . Afterwards, they rapidly gained prominence, becoming the AKC's most registered breed from 1960 to 1982. Since 1935, Poodles have won best in show at Westminster 10 times,

SECTION 50

#1732791450661
#660339