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43-505: The UKC is not recognised by the International Canine Federation . UKC was founded by Chauncey Z. Bennett, on February 10, 1898, after feeling that other dog registries in existence at the time catered too much to Conformation-only show dog owners or wealthy hobbyists, whom he called "the big city idle rich". Bennett's goal for UKC was to be a registry that recognized a wide range of breeds, as opposed to some of

86-539: A bumper. UKC announced Dock Jumping as a licensed event in 2007. Drag Racing features dogs who meet the height requirement, racing in a straight-line course, and in the case of Steeplechase, clearing small hurdles during the run. Flat racing does not include these hurdles. UKC began to license Drag Racing in 2004, at the time called Terrier Racing. In April 2014, UKC rechristened the event Drag Racing, opening it up to all breeds 18 inches or under in height. Lure Coursing features dogs pursuing an artificial lure around

129-773: A new hunting sport in the Elite Shed Dog Series. In October 2018, Raab announced that she would be stepping down as president, though she would remain involved with the company in other capacities. UKC continues to operate out of Kalamazoo, licensing more than 16,000 events every year across the United States. The registry currently recognizes over 370 breeds of dogs. In September 2021, the company announced that it had come to an agreement to acquire American Field Publishing Company, including its Field Dog Stud Book , specializing in upland field trials for pointing dogs and field trial breeding records. UKC stresses

172-674: A performance sport, and in 1984, UKC partnered with the newly formed Hunting Retriever Club to create a new format of field trials for hunters. The partnership also saw UKC begin publication on what was at the time a third magazine, Hunting Retriever Magazine, which continues to this day. In April 1996, UKC became the first All-Breed dog registry to offer a DNA program, which it opened up to dogs from other registries in March 1997. In March 2000, Miller died, and leadership shifted to vice president and General Manager Wayne Cavanaugh. Cavanaugh continued to digitize and modernize UKC, adding and developing

215-527: A predetermined course. The UKC Lure Coursing rule book lays out 26 breeds which may participate in the regular stakes race, while any breed can participate in a coursing aptitude test. The recommended field size for the race is approximately 200 yards by 300 yards, while the minimum field size is set at 150 yards by 200 yards. UKC announced the addition of Lure Coursing in May 2010. Nosework (knows as scentwork in AKC)

258-458: A shift to computerization for UKC records in the mid-1970s, and by 1978, UKC was the first known dog registry in the world to computerize all its registration records. In January 1979, Miller announced that UKC would be moving to what would become their current offices in Kalamazoo, Michigan. The company would occupy the new building in March of that year. In the 1980s UKC added Obedience as

301-514: A specially designed obstacle course involving tunnels, bridges, and jumps. The event is timed to measure speed of completion, and accuracy is also taken into consideration. The first UKC-licensed Agility trial was held in July 1995, after the National Club for Dog Agility transferred the program to United Kennel Club. Conformation is the official term for a dog show, referring specifically to

344-506: A variety of new performance sports, and launching the company website in April 2008. In July 2014, with Cavanaugh getting ready to pursue retirement, UKC VP of Operations Tanya Raab was named UKC President. Cavanaugh would continue with the organization until officially retiring in October 2015. Raab's tenure as president saw the development of a few more performance sports, and the onset of

387-513: Is not a checkbox list of requirements, but rather a description, giving a detailed "word picture" of an idealized dog of that breed. Requirements for documentation, genetic testing , health testing, testing for particular styles of work or fitness for particular dog sports or requirements for training are beyond the scope of a breed standard, and are instead developed as breeder guidelines by breed clubs, kennel clubs, or even by national agricultural department rules. Conformation refers solely to

430-419: Is modeled after working detection dogs , and challenges dogs to recognize a specific, trained odor, such as birch , anise , clove , myrrh , and vetiver , and then indicate to their handler that they have located that odor in a variety of locations, and elements. UKC began to officially license Nosework events in 2015. In Obedience trials, dogs perform a series of exercises at the command of their handler,

473-545: Is the largest international federation of national kennel clubs and purebred registries. The FCI is based in Thuin , Belgium and has 98 members and contract partners (one from each country). The FCI was founded in 1911 under the auspices of the kennel clubs of Austria, Belgium, France, Germany and the Netherlands. Its objective was to bring global uniformity to the breeding, exhibiting and judging of pure-bred dogs. It

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516-839: The American Kennel Club (AKC), Canadian Kennel Club (CKC) and United Kennel Club (UKC), and in Europe, The Kennel Club (TKC) of the United Kingdom. Despite not being members or associates, the FCI has a long standing agreement (or 'Letter of Agreement') for mutual recognition of pedigrees under outlined circumstances, and cooperation between the FCI and the AKC, TKC and the CKC of the USA, United Kingdom and Canada respectively. In addition,

559-458: The FCI is not a registry and does not issue pedigrees to individual dogs, with the issue of pedigrees and record keeping of breeders and breeder addresses the responsibility of the national canine organisations recognised by the FCI. At present the FCI recognises 356 breeds, with each breed being considered as the 'property' of a specific country, usually based upon the country where the breed has first originated. These breed 'owner' countries write

602-444: The FCI takes a stronger line on certain issues compared with some non-member national kennel clubs, particularly the AKC and UKC, regarding general animal health and welfare. Unlike the AKC and UKC, the FCI has moved towards banning the practices of ear cropping and tail docking in breed standards, as well as forbidding the entry of dogs with cropped ears and dock tails from being shown in dogs shows in FCI member countries. In addition,

645-477: The FCI takes a stronger stance on improving the health of dogs as opposed to the appearance of dogs in situations where a breed's health is impacted due to severely restricted gene pools, or concerning brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome. [1] The FCI automatically recognises all registered breeds recognised by any of its member kennel clubs, therefore its list of recognised dog breeds includes breeds not known outside of their country of origin. The FCI divides

688-585: The Middle East poorly represented, partly through the absence of national kennel clubs or purebred registries in countries of these regions. In Europe, only the United Kingdom, Kosovo and Bulgaria are not represented by the FCI. Likewise, in the Americas only the USA and Canada are not members. The official purebred registries in North America that are not members or contract partners of FCI include

731-662: The National Leafy Oak Field Trial, in Kenton, Ohio . Today, UKC licenses thousands of bench shows a year across the country. The organization also crowns National Bench Show Champions yearly at Autumn Oaks, and a World Bench Show Champion at the yearly Coonhound World Championship event. Though promoting Beagles in Bloodlines as far back as 1913, the first UKC-licensed Beagle Field Trial did not take place until 1924. In 1988, UKC met with Beaglers across

774-511: The TKC and the FCI have agreements regarding the mutual recognition of judges. In contrast, the FCI does not recognise the UKC and no agreement is in place. According to AKC's Denise Flaim, crafting a workable standard is a challenge, and the "FCI standards typically have a greater number of disqualifications, which are sometimes subjective, and their impact on a dog's career is not as dire." In contrast,

817-567: The United States or CEB-US). The event was held in Armour, South Dakota and consisted of a conformation show and two distinct field trials. Since that event, UKC has continued to host pointing dog field trials with clubs across the country. In 2021, UKC announced that it had acquired American Field Publishing Company, including the Field Dog Stud Book, the oldest purebred dog registry in the United States. The UKC Elite Shed Dog Series

860-424: The breed developed, along with many details that have been added to the breed standard for purposes of differentiation from other breeds, for working reasons, or for enhancing the beauty of the animals from the viewpoint of the fanciers who wrote the breed standards. The breed standard for each breed of dog details desirable and undesirable attributes of appearance and temperament for an individual breed. Due to

903-524: The breed standard of the specific breed, with the breed standard being a detailed description of the ideal type of the breed, in partnership with and under the oversight of the Standards and Scientific Commissions of the FCI. The FCI is responsible for publication and maintenance of these breed standards, along with the translation of breed standard into the four working languages of the FCI (English, French, German and Spanish). The FCI breed standards act as

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946-412: The breeds it recognises into ten groups based on various discriminators such as appearance or role: The FCI has members, associates and partners in 98 countries. Conformation (dog) Conformation in dogs refers solely to the externally visible details of a dog's structure and appearance, as defined in detail by each dog breed 's written breed standard . A dog that conforms to most of

989-456: The company website remains devoted to dog law, with tips to get involved, and links to contact lawmakers. United Kennel Club's two main programs are called Hunting Operations and All-Breed Sports. Hunting Operations runs six separate types of competitive hunt, generally based on the breed of dog, while All-Breed Sports runs ten different performance sports, that are open to—as the name suggests—all breeds. The first organized Coonhound field trial

1032-708: The company, and in 1944, she and husband Dr. Edwin Gould Fuhrman moved operations at UKC into the Hanselman Building in Kalamazoo. Operations would continue there for less than a decade before moving to a new space in Kalamazoo, where they would remain until 1979. In the early 1970s, the Fuhrmans opted to give up leadership in the company, and in January 1973, UKC announced the sale to businessman Fred Miller, who would take over as president. Miller oversaw

1075-432: The complexity of which varies by competition level, from the basics of sit, stay, heel , to more advanced exercises like directed retrieves and following hand signals. The UKC Obedience Program began in 1977. International Canine Federation The Fédération Cynologique Internationale ( French pronunciation: [fedeʁɑsjɔ̃ sinɔlɔʒik ɛ̃tɛʁnɑsjɔnal] ; FCI ; English: International Canine Federation )

1118-826: The country to develop the UKC Hunting Beagle format, with the first event taking place in 1990. Currently, UKC runs the Hunting Beagle Nationals, established in 1992, and the Hunting Beagle World Championship, established in 2000. Both events feature a Hunt and Bench Show portion. In 2021, UKC paired with the Beagle Gundog Alliance to develop a new format, the Beagle Gundog program. This format held its first national event that same year. In

1161-586: The cruelty of the practice of vivisection . The first article referenced the conditions in which the famous Pavlov dogs were kept, as well as other experiments being performed on dogs. This regular column would continue to run through the early 1940s. UKC also maintains position statements on a variety of topics pertinent to dog law, documenting the company's opposition to Breed Specific Legislation , mandatory spay and neuter laws, blanket anti-tethering laws, and its desire to steer potential dog owners toward purchasing dogs from responsible breeders . A section of

1204-625: The early 1980s, UKC held a series of meetings with several prominent voices in the Hunting Retriever field, about an arrangement to create a new format of field trial for retrievers. This became the Hunting Retriever Club, which was quickly affiliated with UKC. In April 1984, the first Hunting Retriever Club and UKC hunt was held in Ruston, Louisiana . The first Grand Hunt, was established in 1986, as dogs quickly reached

1247-478: The external and visible details of a dog's build and structure. The preferred details are written out in each breed's standards, which are published and held by each registry. UKC began to license Conformation Dog Shows in the 1920s, with the first annual UKC Bench Show held in May 1926. In Dock Jumping (called Dock Diving in AKC), dogs jump off the end of a standard length dock, usually jumping for distance, though some classes feature high jumps or working to fetch

1290-561: The first events being held toward the end of the year. The Cur and Feist breeds are smaller dogs, most often used to hunt squirrel and other small game. Over the two decades of the program's existence, UKC has developed World Championships for both Cur Squirrel Dog and Feist Squirrel Dog, and holds licensed bench shows. The first UKC-licensed pointing dog trial was held in April 2004, by the French Brittany Gundog Club (which would later become Club de l’Epagneul Breton of

1333-488: The first registry to recognize the breed. Starting in 1905, UKC began publishing a journal called Bloodlines , devoted to purebred dogs of all kinds. The journal continued to grow, and in 1974, the journal would split into two distinct magazines. Coonhound Bloodlines would devote itself to the UKC-recognized Coonhound breeds, while Bloodlines, devoted to all breeds, would continue to publish until it

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1376-458: The great variability in dogs, there is no one standard of good conformation. What is good conformation for a lapdog will not be good conformation for a guard dog; good leg structure for a dog that must travel long distances will not be the same as good leg structure for dogs whose conformation requires short bursts of speed. Breed standards are designed solely to describe the breed's history and purpose, temperament, and appearance. The breed standard

1419-423: The items of description in its individual breed standard is said to have good conformation . Unlike equine conformation , there are no fixed rules for dog conformation, as dogs are the most variable in appearance of any animals ("Phenotypic variation among dog breeds, whether it be in size, shape, or behavior, is greater than for any other animal" ). Instead, conformation in dogs is based on the dog type from which

1462-534: The late 1980s, with qualifying dogs hunting in one of four zones to earn their way to the Finals. In 1992, the number of zones expanded to five. Today, there are seven zones, accommodating hundreds of dogs. A Bench Show is essentially a Conformation show for Coonhounds. The dogs are placed on a two-foot high platform to assist the judge in their examination of the dog for adherence to breed standards . The first UKC licensed Bench Show for Coonhounds occurred in 1946, at

1505-419: The reference for the judges at shows held in the FCI member countries, as well as maintaining the qualification and license of judges in dog shows in FCI member countries. For breeders, the FCI breed standards are used as the reference in their attempt to produce top-quality dogs according to the ideal type as set out by the FCI. The FCI is considered to the largest kennel club in the world with only Africa and

1548-473: The same day, demonstrating both form and function. However, only limited regional qualifiers are offered annually, and those are chosen at whim. Dogs must qualify at a regional qualifier to receive an invite to the national. Very early on, UKC began to stake out positions on topics of the day pertaining to dogs and dog law. Beginning in February 1936, the UKC journal Bloodlines ran a regular column discussing

1591-496: The title of Hunting Retriever Champion, and had no higher levels to reach. In October 1986, the first Grand Hunt was held, and in the years since, there has been a Grand Hunt every fall and every spring. With the development of Hunting Retriever Club came a new publication for United Kennel Club, Hunting Retriever Magazine , the first issue of which was published in August 1984. The UKC Cur & Feist program began in 2000, with

1634-575: The value of what they call the "Total Dog". It refers to a dog which displays "equal parts function, temperament, and structure," and is used to showcase dogs that look as their breed should in Conformation shows, but also are able to excel at performance sports that utilize skills for which they were bred. UKC awards a Total Dog Award to dogs at All-Breed Sports events which earn a win in Conformation as well as an eligible Performance Sport on

1677-410: The working dog registries, which only recognized a handful of breeds. He envisioned UKC-registered dogs occupying a wide range of uses, from working , to companionship , to hunting . Bennett found a niche among the owners of working dogs, such as herding and hunting dogs. The first dog registered with UKC was an American Pit Bull Terrier , Bennett's own dog, named Bennett's Ring. This also made UKC

1720-530: Was created in 2017, to provide a family-friendly format for those who enjoy participating in the gathering of shed antlers—or shed hunting . The first UKC Elite Shed Dog National event was held in April 2020 in Whittington, Illinois . The UKC All-Breed Sports Department operates ten performance sports, as well as the SPOT (Socialized Pet Obedience Test) program. In Agility , a dog and handler race to complete

1763-491: Was disbanded in World War I and recreated in 1921 by Belgium and France. Since its foundation the FCI's membership has grown to include kennel clubs from the majority of countries worldwide, with members in Europe as well as Africa, the Americas, Asia and Oceania. The purpose of the FCI is to make sure that the pedigrees and judges are mutually recognised by all the FCI member countries. In contrast to national kennel clubs,

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1806-739: Was discontinued in 2015. Coonhound Bloodlines continues to this day. Bennett continued to run UKC out of his home until his death in 1936. Upon his death, The New York Herald Tribune credited Bennett with developing breeds such as "the American Eskimo , the Columbian (white) Collie, the Redbone Coonhound , American Water Spaniel , American (Pit) Bull Terrier, and the American Fox and Coon Hound." After Bennett's death, his daughter Frances Ruth Bennett took over management of

1849-507: Was held in Marion, Ohio , in 1924. The first unofficial UKC Nite Hunt was held in 1953 in Ingraham, Illinois . In 1960, UKC held the first Autumn Oaks event, at which the organization crowns a National Grand Nite Champion yearly. In 1978, UKC launched Coonhound World Championship, to crown a World Nite Hunt Champion. The event continued to grow, and UKC instituted a zone semifinal system in

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