63-600: Pukeahu National War Memorial Park , also known as Pukeahu Park , is situated in front of the National War Memorial in the suburb of Mt Cook , Wellington , New Zealand. It opened on 18 April 2015 in time for the centenary of the World War I Gallipoli landings , and was one of the New Zealand Government's key projects to commemorate the 100th anniversary of World War I . The hill where
126-466: A National Memorial Park. In August 2012, the government announced that the Buckle Street section of State Highway 1 would be moved underground to a cut and cover tunnel, allowing the park to extend over the old road area to create a unified memorial precinct. The one-way tunnel is 130 m long. It opened to traffic on 29 September 2014, with the name of Arras Tunnel. The tunnel was named to honour
189-816: A New Zealand delegation departed for France to begin the process of repatriating the remains of the Unknown Warrior. A handover ceremony took place on 6 November at the New Zealand Memorial site near the village of Longueval, France. The ceremony marked the official return of the Unknown Warrior from the care of the Commonwealth War Graves Commission into the care of New Zealand. I told him [the Warrior] we're taking him home and that those who are taking him home are soldiers, sailors and airmen, past and present. I asked
252-437: A clapper inside a bell. When a key or pedal pulls on the wire, the clapper strikes the bell to create a sound. The bell itself doesn't move. Timothy Hurd stated that "the carillon is a highly gestural instrument. The dexterity required is more one of limbs than of finger skills. It is like dancing to your own music". For seven years after Gladys Watkins retired in 1936, there was no carillonist: instead, an electric machine played
315-590: A conch ( Chicoreus ramosus ) shell with remembrance poppies . Designed by Michel Tuffery , the sculpture was inspired by a conch shell found in a World War I-era tunnel in Arras, France that was inscribed by Private Angene Angene, a Cook Islander who served on the Western Front . The dedication was attended by the prime ministers of New Zealand and the Cook Islands, Jacinda Ardern and Mark Brown . At
378-631: A design for the war memorial. Another group, the Wellington Citizens War Memorial Committee, wanted a different type of memorial and had begun raising funds in 1922, leading to the eventual construction of the cenotaph near Parliament. In 1928 the government agreed to the idea of a carillon. By this time the bells had already been cast in London, at the expense of the Carillon Society. A competition
441-563: A diameter of 170 mm and 140 mm high, up to one weighing 5 tonnes and measuring 2 m by 1.6 m. Their total weight was more than 30 tonnes and they cost £ 11,000. Since 1984 the carillon has been substantially rebuilt and enlarged. Twenty mid-range bells have been replaced with 21 smaller treble bells and 4 large bass bells, extending the total range to 6 octaves. The four bass bells were added in 1995 and are named "Grace/Aroha", "Hope/Tūmanako", Remembrance/Whakamaharatanga", and "Peace/Rangimārie". The carillon currently has 74 bells, with
504-584: A new set in 1949, but the project did not go to tender until 1960. When tenders closed, the Christchurch firm of P Graham and Son (the same firm that built the carillon tower) was chosen, its tender being £ 114,000. The Hall of Memories was officially opened by the Governor-General, Sir Bernard Fergusson , on 5 April 1964. In 2004 the tomb of the unknown New Zealand warrior was added. Retired Army Colonel Andrew Renton-Green , who chairs
567-469: A partial seismic assessment of the carillon tower. A full assessment was not completed because the Ministry for Culture and Heritage wanted the tower to be refurbished in time for the 100-year commemoration of Anzac Day in 2015. Dunning Thornton advised the ministry that the 70 tonnes of bells in the carillon tower could fall down or destabilise the building in an earthquake, and advised the ministry to get
630-620: A site blessing ceremony followed by outgoing Belgian Ambassador Jean-Luc Bodson breaking ground. Mauri stones and soil from Belgium were placed into the ground by Ambassador Mullie at a later September 2017 ceremony, and the sculpture was unveiled in October 2017. The French Memorial Le Calligramme was unveiled by French Minister for State Geneviève Darrieussecq and Minister of Justice, Courts and Treaty of Waitangi Negotiations Andrew Little in May 2018. Le Calligramme features an inscription of
693-708: A tomb, but all building other than the carillon tower was abandoned because of the economic situation at the time – the Depression. So Gummer’s vision was still there; it was never fulfilled. In 1963 the Hall of Memories was added, and it was at this time that the RSA, and others, said wouldn’t it be a good idea if we had our own Unknown Warrior. There are not many people in New Zealand who can afford to pay their respects to one of their family by going to Westminster Abbey, where
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#1732787717041756-570: Is a feature of their service. Pukeahu Park was developed on land in front of the War Memorial to commemorate the 100th anniversary of World War I. It opened on 18 April 2015 in time for the centenary of the World War I Gallipoli landings. The park contains memorials from both New Zealand's traditional military allies and past opponents. It lies over a traffic tunnel opened in 2014. Chicoreus ramosus Chicoreus ramosus , common name
819-564: Is conducted under the direction of the National Carillonist, Timothy Hurd. Since the opening of the National War Memorial Carillon in 1932 there have only been four official carillonists: Gladys Watkins , John Randal, Selwyn Baker, and Timothy Hurd. The carillonist sits at a clavier or keyboard and uses his or her hands and feet to strike wooden keys and pedals which are each connected by a wire to
882-571: Is illustrated by the growing numbers of people who attend Anzac Day services in New Zealand. The park contains memorials from both New Zealand's military allies and historic opponents. The Australian memorial, designed by Australian architects Tonkin Zulaikha Greer, commemorates the significant military relationship between Australia and New Zealand. The memorial consists of fifteen red sandstone columns with various inscriptions and artworks by both Aboriginal and Māori artists. The memorial
945-778: Is located next to the Dominion Museum building on Buckle Street, in Wellington , the nation's capital. The war memorial was dedicated in 1932 on Anzac Day (25 April) in commemoration of the First World War . It also officially remembers the New Zealanders who gave their lives in the South African War , World War II and the wars in Korea , Malaysia and Vietnam . The War Memorial consists of
1008-797: Is one of over 250,000 New Zealanders who served in overseas wars. He is one of 30,000 who died in service, and one of over 9000 who have no known grave or whose remains could never be recovered. The remains were chosen by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission from the Caterpillar Valley Cemetery , near where the New Zealand Division fought in 1916. As the soldier's name, rank, regiment, race, religion and other details are unknown, he represents and honours all New Zealanders who became lost to their families in war. On Monday 1 November
1071-642: Is planted directly behind the plaque. The memorial was designed by New Zealand artist and Army Gunner Matt Gauldie. In July 2017, the United Kingdom Memorial was unveiled by the UK Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, Boris Johnson . The memorial was designed and built by Weta Workshop with input from students at Massey University and the British Wimbledon College of Arts . The design takes
1134-534: The President of Germany , Dr Frank-Walter Steinmeier unveiled a memorial tapestry gifted on behalf of Germany while visiting the National War Memorial. Titled Flandern , the tapestry is based on one of a series of photographs of 14 First World War battlefield sites. The artist, Stephen Schenk, explained that the work was "a reminder of the untold misery and horror, and was created to remember
1197-617: The Red Sea , the Gulf of Oman , Aldabra , Chagos and Mauritius . It also occurs in eastern Polynesia , southern Japan, New Caledonia and Queensland in Australia. C. ramosus has a large, solid, very rugged and heavy shell , of up to 330 mm in length. It has a relatively globose outline, possessing a short spire , a slightly inflated body whorl , and a moderately long siphonal canal . One of its most striking ornamentations are
1260-536: The ramose murex or branched murex , is a species of predatory sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae , the murex snails. It is considered an economically important species in the Indo-West Pacific , especially in India. This sea snail is found widely spread in the Indo-West Pacific , and occurs from east to South Africa, including Mozambique , Tanzania , Madagascar ,
1323-484: The "Peace/Rangimārie" bell weighing 12.5 tonnes, making it the largest in the Southern Hemisphere. The carillon ranks as the third-largest in the world by total weight. Anzac Day and specific battle commemorations have special places in the annual schedule of events. The carillon is played in over 200 hours of live concerts per year and a comprehensive domestic and international carillon teaching programme
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#17327877170411386-481: The 'Heritage' category of the New Zealand Institute of Architects national New Zealand Architecture Awards in 2016 for their work on refurbishing the Hall of Memories and carillon. Work on the carillon building had caused concrete dust which damaged the instrument. Some of the large bells were able to be played at Anzac Day commemorations in 2015, and then between 2016 and 2018, 15,000 pieces of
1449-465: The Commonwealth tomb was put in the ground in 1923. It’s just another step along the way, from Gummer’s original design of just the carillon, to the Hall of Memories being added in ’63, to this [the tomb] being added now – it shows that it’s actually a living thing, it’s not dead. It’s not about dead people at all, it’s about living people. In 2011, structural engineers Dunning Thornton completed
1512-541: The Donkey stands outside the National War Memorial. It is based on the photograph of Henderson taken at Gallipoli by James Gardiner Jackson on 12 May 1915, and is a "tribute to all medical personnel, stretcher bearers and ambulance drivers who served alongside New Zealand troops in wartime". Commissioned by the Royal New Zealand Returned and Services' Association with sponsorship from Oceanic Life, it
1575-587: The Flanders field bell (dedicated in memory of Katherine Mansfield's brother, Leslie Beauchamp) and the Medical forces bell. The one bell not dedicated to a person or event from World War I is the Wellington's South African War Veterans' bell, which was inscribed two years after the original inscriptions took place. At the time of dedication the 49 bells ranged from one weighing a shade more than 4 kg with
1638-458: The Ministry for Culture and Heritage that an earthquake-prone building notice had to be put on the building, but the ministry did not make the information public and did not close the building until six months later. Although Dunning Thornton's full assessment was not completed until April 2020, the Ministry for Culture and Heritage closed the carillon on 20 February 2020. The ministry stated at
1701-645: The National War Memorial Advisory Council and the coordinating committee behind the tomb project, explained why it took so long: The history goes back to the time (William) Gummer designed the National War Memorial, which was completed – not in its present form – in 1932. The original design was just the carillon tower and an avenue which led from the harbour to the tower, with what was then the National Museum behind. As part of that design Gummer actually made provision for
1764-578: The Sanctuary is a Lamp of Brotherhood , one of 84 made after World War II to commemorate the war dead of all nations and to promote reconciliation and unity between nations. Four Rolls of Honour, inscribed with the name and rank of each fallen New Zealander, are placed in bronze display cases on the east and west walls of the Sanctuary. The Hall of Memories is lined with cream Mt Somers stone. Inside, Hanmer marble, Coromandel granite and Takaka marble are all used. The National War Memorial Carillon
1827-523: The Sanctuary is flanked on either side by two white stone columns, each surmounted with a bronze orb and cross and engraved with the coats of arms of members of the Commonwealth whose forces served in World Wars I and II. These coats of arms are linked by stylised branches, representing the tree of the Commonwealth . A bronze statue Mother and Children (1962) by Lyndon Smith is the focal point in
1890-473: The Sanctuary. The statue represents the families left behind and those who suffered the loss of those who died in conflicts. It is a rare example of the depiction of women's experiences in a war memorial. On each of the two side walls of the Sanctuary a large cross forms the background for the coats of arms of the main towns of the nine provinces of New Zealand. These crosses symbolise the sacrifices made by New Zealanders in times of war. Mounted to one side of
1953-855: The U.S. Memorial representing the United States and New Zealand's shared history was unveiled, commissioned by the U.S. Government and the American Battle Monuments Commission . The memorial contains a granite tablet carved in Madison, Wisconsin , with words taken from a radio address delivered on Anzac Day 1943, by the US Secretary of the Navy Frank Knox . It reads: Together, in our strength, we shall keep that ocean – Pacific! ... As we are comrades in battle, so we shall be partners in victory. I salute
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2016-513: The War Memorial Carillon , the Hall of Memories, and an unknown New Zealand warrior interred in a tomb constructed in 2004 in front of the Hall of Memories. It was registered in 1990 by Heritage New Zealand as a Category 1 Historic Place . Four Rolls of Honour bear the names and ranks of 28,654 New Zealanders. Lyndon Smith's bronze statue of a family group is the focal point for the complex, which in 2018, after refurbishment,
2079-535: The War Memorial (the carillon, Hall of Memories and Tomb of the Unknown Warrior) on to its National Historic Landmark list which was launched in 2019. In 1919 the Government created a National War Memorial Committee and allocated £ 100,000 for a National War Memorial in Wellington. Prime Minister William Massey said that any memorial "should be visible from any part of the city, and from ships entering
2142-470: The Warrior to be the guardian of all military personnel who had died on active service. I then promised that we, the people of New Zealand, will be his guardian. Air Marshal Bruce Ferguson On return to New Zealand on Wednesday 10 November, the Unknown Warrior lay in state at Parliament . Thousands of New Zealanders attended the vigil to pay their respects. A memorial service was held on 11 November at
2205-479: The Wellington Cathedral of St Paul, followed by a military funeral procession through central Wellington. More than 100,000 people lined the streets to the National War Memorial where an interment ceremony with full military honours took place. David Cox, RNZRSA National President, stated that "The Unknown Warrior symbolise[s] the tremendous sacrifice New Zealand has made over the last century in
2268-419: The bells automatically, using a perforated paper roll like those used in a pianola . This machinery was removed in 1986 when the bells and wires were refurbished. To serve as a focus of remembrance for the sacrifice made by all New Zealand servicemen and women, in 2004 a project was undertaken to repatriate the body of an unknown warrior for burial in the new Tomb of the Unknown Warrior. The Unknown Warrior
2331-564: The building. The inscription on the foundation stone of the carillon tower reads: Reo Wairua. To the glory of God. To the memory of the New Zealanders that died in the Great War, 1914 to 1918, and in honour of those that served or suffered, this stone was laid by the Right Honourable G W Forbes , PC , MP , Prime Minister of New Zealand , on 15th May, 1931. The complex made considerable use of New Zealand stone. The carillon
2394-464: The carillon tower. A peer review of Dunning Thornton's 2020 report was carried out by Holmes Consulting, who made further recommendations about the likely performance of the building during an earthquake. In December 2021 the Ministry for Culture and Heritage announced that it hoped to have strengthening completed by May 2027, in a project with six steps at an estimated cost of $ 7.2 million. The carillon and Hall of Memories were to remain closed until
2457-624: The carillon was rededicated in the presence of Queen Elizabeth II in 1986. The Hall of Memories is approached through an octagonal vestibule forming the base of the Carillon Tower. Inside there are six memorial alcoves on each side leading up to an apse and Sanctuary at the southern end of the Hall. These alcoves are designed as small side chapels dedicated to the different branches of the New Zealand Armed Forces that have served in overseas conflicts. The entrance to
2520-414: The conspicuous, leaf-like, recurved hollow digitations. It also presents three spinose axial varices per whorl, with two elongated nodes between them. The shell is coloured white to light brown externally, with a white aperture, generally pink towards the inner edge, the outer lip and the columella . The Ramose murex inhabits sandy and rubble bottoms near coral reefs , to depths of around 10 m. As
2583-462: The dedication, both prime ministers called for increased recognition of the military service of Pacific Islanders. Unveiled in March 2017, this memorial features a free-standing bronze plaque with words of reconciliation widely attributed to Mustafa Kemal Atatürk cut through it. This allows the viewer to see a Turkish red pine (pinus brutia) descended from the original Lone Pine at Gallipoli , which
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2646-562: The form of two of the UK and New Zealand's most iconic trees. The trunks of a Royal Oak and a Pōhutakawa intertwine to form one single leafy canopy, where leaves from both trees merge to create sense of shelter – giving the memorial its name: Whakaruruhau . Standing at the plaque, between the branches a silhouette of a single soldier can be seen, representing the union of two countries who stood side by side and those millions who served in times of conflict, resolution and peace. On 10 December 2018,
2709-506: The harbour". After much debate about what form a memorial should take - a road, a cathedral, an arch - it was eventually agreed to build a complex that included a national art gallery, museum, and war memorial in the central suburb of Mt Cook . Local people formed the Wellington War Memorial Carillon Society in 1926 to raise money for bells for a carillon, even though the government had not decided on
2772-488: The instrument – the bells and organ – were taken apart and reassembled by carillonist Timothy Hurd. The carillon finally reopened on 30 May 2018, after a six-year closure. Dunning Thornton had reminded the ministry again in 2015 and 2017 that detailed assessment of the bell frames was necessary, but the ministry only requested a full assessment of the frames in August 2019. Also in August 2019, Wellington City Council advised
2835-473: The lands of the ANZACs as our companions in the peace that will follow, comrades and partners as an example to all the world of what can be accomplished by a fraternity of free men. On 6 November 2019 a memorial plaque for the victims of the 1918 Influenza Pandemic was unveiled at Pukeahu. The pandemic killed around 9000 New Zealanders. The plaque was designed by Neil Pardington and Wraight & Associates, and
2898-633: The memorial was built was named 'Pukeahu' (from Māori puke ahu , "sacred hill") by the Ngāi Tara iwi (tribe). In May 2004, Prime Minister Helen Clark said, A park would further enhance the area which is already being redeveloped with the building of the Tomb of the Unknown Warrior . It will provide a more appropriate setting for New Zealand's memorial to those New Zealanders who gave their lives in times of war. Significant aspects of our heritage and identity were forged in difficult times of conflict...this
2961-448: The result that the project wasn't completed until the end of 2013. Work on the carillon included installation of new seismic bracing and walls in the clavier room, new floors, ladders and safety nets, repairing and repainting various areas, re-plastering the outside of the 51 m high tower, and moving storm water and electrical infrastructure. Strengthening and refurbishment of the Hall of Memories involved fixing buttresses to beams under
3024-446: The steel bell frames checked. The ministry did not do this, and instead went ahead with a planned earthquake strengthening and refurbishment project. Fletcher Construction completed earthquake strengthening and refurbishment of the Hall of Memories and carillon in 2012–2015, at a cost of $ 2.7 million. Work on the carillon began in March 2012 and was expected to take only three months, but more problems were found as work advanced, with
3087-525: The steps, to support the building, and fixing the stonework inside the building to the wall of the carillon with 300 steel rods. This had to be done as unobtrusively as possible, so the holes drilled for the rods were filled in with ground-up stone to make them hardly noticeable. The strengthened Hall of Memories attained 100% of the New Building Standard earthquake code and the building reopened in 2015. Studio of Pacific Architecture Ltd won
3150-543: The struggle to preserve freedom and justice and the democratic way of life...For all New Zealanders this [is] a day of remembrance and a day to remember." The Warrior was finally laid to rest in the Tomb of the Unknown Warrior on Thursday 11 November 2004, Armistice Day . The tomb is sealed with a bronze mantel bearing the words: An Unknown New Zealand Warrior He Toa Matangaro No Aotearoa A bronze sculpture by Paul Walshe of Richard Alexander Henderson as The Man with
3213-431: The time that an engineering report had found that the structure was an earthquake risk, meeting only 15% of the New Building Standard earthquake code, without admitting that they had been aware of potential problems since 2011. The weakest part of the building was the frames around the heavy bells. The Hall of Memories closed at the same time because although it was no longer earthquake-prone, it could only be accessed via
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#17327877170413276-592: The tower, and then the carillon played the national anthem and several hymns, accompanied by the singing of the crowd. The Evening Post described the sound of the carillon as 'magic from the skies'. The Dominion Museum opened behind the carillon in 1936, but construction of the Hall of Memories in the base of the carillon tower was delayed by the Depression , then the Second World War. The first plans were prepared in 1937, and Gummer and Ford forwarded
3339-538: The victims of this inconceivable catastrophe of the twentieth century". A memorial honouring the service of Pacific Islanders in the world wars and later conflicts was dedicated in March 2021, specifically honouring the service of overseas soldiers and the Coastwatchers . Titled Te Reo Hotunui o te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa (translating to The Deep Sigh of the Pacific ), the memorial features a large bronze sculpture of
3402-640: The wartime efforts of the New Zealand Tunnelling Company in the French town of Arras during the Great War . The tunnel contains 273 decorative red poppies, to remind drivers that they are passing through a significant commemorative space. 41°17′56″S 174°46′38″E / 41.2989°S 174.7772°E / -41.2989; 174.7772 National War Memorial (New Zealand) The National War Memorial of New Zealand
3465-567: The words of French soldier Guillaume Apollinaire 's 1915 poem Le Chant de l’Honneur ( Song of Honour ), published in a book titled Calligrammes: Poems of Peace and War 1913–1916 . The memorial combines landscaping with two large elements made of local stone and crushed French Combe Brune stone from the Western Front. The memorial was designed by architectural firm Patterson Associates Ltd, with Paul Baragwanath and Suzanne Turley Landscapes, and constructed by Naylor Love. In November 2017,
3528-469: The work is completed. However, the Ministry for Culture and Heritage has decided it will open the Hall of Memories for specific occasions. On 15 February 2023, Princess Anne and entourage entered the Hall of Memories and the Princess laid a wreath there. The media noted that this event took place only a few hours before a large earthquake shook Wellington and queried the decision to hold the ceremony inside
3591-411: Was clad with pinkish-brown Putaruru stone. Unfortunately the material was variable and by 1960 had weathered badly in places. It was removed from the carillon and replaced by Takaka marble in 1982. The upper part of the campanile was replastered with sand that matched the original stone, and the metal louvres, window frames, and grilles were replaced. After restoration and installation of 16 extra bells,
3654-734: Was designed as a sister instrument to the 53-bell carillon at the Peace Tower in Ottawa, Canada. The carillon bells were made in Croydon , England, by Gillett & Johnston , and arrived in New Zealand in January 1931. Each of the original 49 bells bears a name or inscription, in memory of those who served. The three largest bells are dedicated to Anzac, Somme, and Palestine, the three main theatres in which New Zealand forces served. Other bells include: The Nurses bell, The Gallipoli 1915 bell,
3717-602: Was held in 1929 for plans for the war memorial, and for the Dominion Museum and the National Art Gallery immediately behind it. The competition was won by Messrs Gummer and Ford . Work on the carillon was completed in time for an Anzac Day 1932 dedication viewed by a crowd of 10,000 people. Various dignitaries gave speeches, Governor-General Lord Bledisloe switched on the Lamp of Remembrance on top of
3780-522: Was opened in April 2015 by Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott and New Zealand Prime Minister John Key . The Belgian memorial was designed by Belgian artists Niko Van Stichel and Lut Vandebos. Made of steel, the sculpture combines both a traditional symbol of victory, the laurel wreath, with a memorial wreath as a tribute to those who died in battle. A similar sculpture has been installed in East Flanders , Belgium . Belgian Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs, Didier Reynders , attended
3843-412: Was said to have 60,000 visitors per year. The carillon and Hall of Memories closed for earthquake strengthening and refurbishment in 2012. The Hall of Memories reopened in 2015 and the carillon in 2018, but both were closed again in February 2020 for further work and are not expected to reopen until mid-2027. In January 2023 The Ministry for Culture and Heritage announced that it was considering placing
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#17327877170413906-433: Was unveiled by Henderson's son Ross on 20 April 1990. An inscription reads: The stories of Simpson and Henderson are the stories of all stretcher bearers. Alone, unsustained by the hot-blooded heroism shown by men in violent action, with only the meager protection afforded by a Red Cross flag, these men calmly exposed their lives to danger to save their comrades and so built the tradition of unselfishness and cool courage that
3969-410: Was unveiled by the Prime Minister and Minister for Arts, Culture and Heritage Jacinda Ardern with historian Geoffrey Rice . In 2024 a Waitangi Solidarity Hīkoi was held on Waitangi Day at the park. In 2005, the Ministry for Culture and Heritage worked with the New Zealand Transport Agency to acquire land on the northern side of Buckle Street, in front of the National War Memorial, to create
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