61-547: Pune Municipal Corporation ( PMC ) is the civic body that governs the inner limits of Pune , India. It is in charge of the civic needs and infrastructure of the metropolis , which is spread over an area of 500 sq. km. and has 3.4 million residents. Established on 15 February 1950, the executive power of the PMC is vested in the Municipal Commissioner , an Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer appointed by
122-626: A President appointed at the first meeting of the newly elected Corporation, half of whom retire every succeeding year. A new President is also appointed every year. The Standing Committee along with 15 ward committees are together responsible for financial approvals. The following are the Income sources for the Corporation from the Central and State Government. Following is the Tax related revenue for
183-521: A big question mark on the safety of commuters. Between January 2017 and March 2018, a period of 15 months, the number of such incidents had reached 16 with almost one incident per month. In an answer to a query submitted under the Right to Information Act , it was revealed that PMPML owns only 124 fire extinguishers and most buses have neither undergone a fire safety audit nor do they have any fire extinguishers. PMPML have claimed that fire extinguishers on
244-597: A chairperson and vice chairperson among themselves to preside over and conduct meetings. A chief officer, along with officers like an engineer, sanitary inspector, health officer, and education officer who come from the state public service are appointed by the state government to control the administrative affairs of the municipality. City Municipal Councils are known regionally by different names, including Town Municipal Council, Town Municipality, Nagar Palika, Nagarasabe, Purasabe, Nagara Sabha and Nagaraatchi. A Town Panchayat (also known as Nagar Panchayat or Town Board )
305-475: A few times per day. Some of these routes are partially or fully run on the BRT corridors under the brand name Rainbow BRTS . PMPML also operates night buses after midnight on 7 routes. On the occasion of International Women's Day 2018, PMPML launched 'Tejaswini' ( Marathi: तेजस्विनी; radiant) bus services exclusively for women which were well received by women commuters. There 218 daily Tejaswini services during
366-458: A five year term by adult franchise in municipal elections. All major political parties active in the state contest the elections. The corporators elect the Mayor, a ceremonial position with limited duties who acts as an ambassador and representative of the city, as well as a Deputy Mayor. The corporators approve the city budget and act as watchdogs on implementation of policy by the staff under
427-609: A fleet of 1450 buses of which on an average only 1277 were operational. Thus at any given moment, c. 34% of its fleet was off roads, way above the limit of 20% per the norms set by the Central Institute of Road Transport (CIRT). This put the ratio of operational buses at c. 27 per 100,000 population. Reasons for these buses being off roads are mainly related to maintenance and frequent breakdowns due to several factors including insufficient manpower and facilities at PMPML depots and lack of preventive maintenance. PMPML also has
488-602: A form of local self-government, entrusted with some duties and responsibilities, as enshrined and guided upon by the Constitutional (74th Amendment) Act, 1992. Udaipur is a city which is big but its population is 451,000 so it has a Municipality. The members of the Municipal Councils are elected representatives for a term of five years. The town is divided into wards according to its population, and representatives are elected from each ward. The members elect
549-406: A greater degree of fiscal autonomy and functions, although the specific fiscal and functional powers vary across the states. These local governments have larger populations, a more diversified economic base, and deal with the state governments directly. On the other hand, municipalities or Nagar panchayats have less autonomy, smaller jurisdictions, and have to deal with the state governments through
610-881: A long list of functions delegated to them by the state governments under their respective municipal legislations. The Twelfth Schedule of Constitution (Article 243 w) provides an illustrative list of eighteen functions , that may be entrusted to the municipalities. Public health includes water supply , sewerage and sanitation , eradication of communicable diseases etc.; welfare includes public facilities such as education, recreation , etc.; regulatory functions related to prescribing and enforcing building regulations , encroachments on public land, birth registration and death certificate , etc.; public safety includes fire protection , street lighting , etc.; public works measures such as construction and maintenance of inner-city roads, etc.; and development functions related to town planning and development of commercial markets. In addition to
671-427: A number of buses that are owned and maintained by private contractors which also suffer poor maintenance. Moreover, a significant number of buses in the fleet are older than 15 years while 746 buses are 10–15 years old making them prone to frequent breakdowns. Insufficient buses inevitably lead to overcrowding on the buses during peak hours with as many as three times the capacity riding a single bus. To alleviate
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#1732773240416732-567: A number of cities. These agencies usually undertake land acquisition and development works and take up remunerative projects such as markets and commercial complexes, etc. In terms of fiscal federalism , functions whose benefits largely confine to municipal jurisdictions and may be termed as the essentially municipal functions. Similarly, functions that involve substantial economics of scale or are of national interest may not be assigned to small local bodies. For valid reasons, certain functions of higher authorities are appropriate to be entrusted with
793-792: A single trip between any two points. They are issued as paper tickets and are to be bought on board from the conductor. The fare depends on the distance of travel (see table below) and needs to be paid in cash. Children between the ages of three and twelve years travel at reduced fares, called 'half ticket', while no fares are charged for children younger than three. Fares on the night bus services are higher. PMPML offers daily, weekly, fortnightly, quarterly and annual traveling passes to make journeys convenient for its passengers. Discounted passes are also there for elderly passengers, visually and physically challenged, reporters and freedom fighters. All passes can be obtained both online and offline. A pass can only be used in conjunction with an identity card issued by
854-413: A total area of 331.26 sq. km. The merged villages include: Uruli Devachi, Phursungi , Bavdhan Budruk, Lohegaon (remaining), Hadapsar (Sadesatra Nali), Mundhwa (Keshavnagar area), Shivane (remaining), Dhayari (remaining), Undri, Ambegaon Khurda and Ambegaon Budruk. This merger was preceded by the merger of 23 villages in 1997. On 23 December 2020, the state government issued a draft notification for
915-701: Is a form of an urban political unit in India comparable to a municipality. The composition of Town Panchayats varies across states, serving as the governing body for areas transitioning from 'rural' to 'urban'. Town Panchayats in Tamil Nadu are established based on a population range of above 5000 and below 30,000, categorized into grades determined by criteria including population and economic growth. In Bihar , Town Panchayats are constituted for populations ranging from above 12,000 to below 40,000, while in Karnataka ,
976-489: Is at the discretion of the states, considering factors such as total population, population density, non-agricultural employment, annual revenue generation, among other criteria. Municipal governance in India in its current form has existed since the year 1664. In 1664, Fort Kochi Municipality was established by Dutch, making it the first municipality in Indian subcontinent, which got dissolved when Dutch authority got weaker in
1037-492: Is the public transport bus service provider for the city of Pune, India . It operates 486 routes around the Pune Metropolitan Region including 51 Rainbow BRT routes that partially ply on the 4 bus rapid transit corridors. As of mid'22, PMPML became the fleet in the country that only runs on Green fuel with CNG and Electric Buses. Since 2019, PMPML has been operating both 9 and 12 m Electric AC Buses at
1098-622: Is to look after the civic and infrastructural needs of the citizens. The administration consists of two major branches: the executive branch headed by the Municipal Commissioner and the deliberative branch headed by the Mayor . The executive branch is headed by the Municipal Commissioner appointed by the State government from the Indian Administrative Service for a term not exceeding three years according to Section 36 of
1159-552: The Government of Maharashtra . The position is held by Dr. Rajendra Bhosale, IAS.The general body of the PMC consists of 162 directly elected councilors, popularly known as "corporators", headed by a mayor. Murlidhar Mohol (BJP) was elected as the mayor and Sunita Wadekar (RPI(A)) as the deputy mayor by the newly elected in April 2021. The land for Pune Municipal Corporation was donated by Late Hon. Shri. Bhausaheb Shirole (Patil) who
1220-674: The Hinjawadi IT hub and back. PMPML acquired the first lot of 25 electric buses in February 2019 and the second lot of 50 electric buses in August 2019. As of August 2022, the fleet size of electric buses is 395. PMPML also plans to acquire 1000 such electric buses by the end of 2023. PMPML operates regular scheduled services daily between 5:30 am and midnight on 371 routes. The frequencies on individual routes vary greatly according to demand. Certain long-distance routes are serviced only
1281-497: The PMC passed a resolution supporting such merger. However, the PCMC only considered a merger in 2003. The merger was formally announced in April 2007 and PMPML as it exists today came into being on 19 October 2007. PMPML has a fleet of 2000 buses maintained at 9 CNG bus depots and 4 electric bus depots, which ferry around 900,000 passengers every day. There is no diesel bus running in
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#17327732404161342-539: The Regional Transport Office gave its nod for M/s. Silver Jubilee Motors to take up the charge. The service that began with 4 routes with 20 buses already had increased to 46 buses by 1948. After the transformation of Pune Nagarpalika into PMC in 1950, the civic body took over the service. Pune Municipal Transport (PMT), as it was named after the takeover, started with a fleet of 57 buses that plied on 14 routes. The public transport provider for
1403-481: The 18th century. British followed with the formation of Madras Municipal Corporation in 1687, and then Calcutta and Bombay Municipal Corporation in 1726. In the early part of the nineteenth century almost all towns in India had experienced some form of municipal governance. In 1882 the then Viceroy of India , Lord Ripon , known as the Father of Local Self Government, passed a resolution of local self-government which lead
1464-626: The 2017 elections, marking the first time the city got a mayor from the party. Mukta Tilak ( BJP ) was elected as the mayor and Navanth Kamble ( RPI (A) ) as the deputy mayor by the newly elected general body in March 2017. Tilak is the first member of the BJP to hold the position. Following Kamble's death while in office, Siddharth Dhende of the RPI (A) was elected as the deputy mayor in June 2017. The demise of
1525-483: The Corporations Act of 1835 which mainly deals in providing essential services in a major city. Their elections are held once in five-year and the people choose the candidates. The largest corporations are in the eight metropolitan cities of India, namely Mumbai , Delhi , Kolkata , Chennai , Bangalore , Hyderabad , Ahmedabad , Surat , and Pune . These cities not only have a large population but are also
1586-679: The Deputy Mayor Navnath Kamble ( RPI (A) ) in May 2017 necessitated by-elections in the Koregaon Park-Ghorpadi ward. The RPI (A) retained the seat with Himali Kamble elected as the new councillor. Another round of bypolls was held on 4 April 2018 following the death of ex-mayor Chanchala Kodre NCP , who was elected in 2017 from the Mundhwa- Magarpatta ward. NCP retained the seat and Puja Kodre
1647-695: The Directorate of Municipalities or through the collector of a district . These local bodies are subject to detailed supervisory control and guidance by the state governments. State Municipal Acts are legislations enacted by state governments to establish municipal governments, administer them, and provide a framework of governance for cities within the state. Every state has its own municipal act and some states have more than one municipal act, governing larger and smaller municipalities under different acts. Various processes including rules for elections, recruitment of staff, and demarcation of urban areas derived from
1708-577: The Maharashtra Municipal Corporation Act, 1949. Additional Municipal Commissioner(s) assist the Municipal Commissioner in the administration of the departments deputed to them. As of April 2018, there are three Additional Commissioners supervising the general, special and estate administration of the city. Each of these categories consist of several departments. The Municipal Commissioner also serves on
1769-412: The Municipal Commissioner. The corporators form several committees which deliberate on various issues. At present, PMC has the following subject committees: Law, City Development, Women and Child Welfare, and Sports. The Standing Committee is the perhaps the most important committee of the PMC formed according to Section 20 of Maharashtra Municipal Corporation Act, 1949. It consists of 16 members headed by
1830-532: The Municipalities – as if under principal-agent contracts and may be called agency functions that need to be financed by intergovernmental revenues. Thus instead of continuing the traditional distinction between obligatory and discretionary functions the municipal responsibilities may be grouped into essentially municipal , joint and agency functions. The suggested functions to municipal corporations, municipalities, and town panchayats are listed in
1891-674: The Nagar Panchayats. Town boards are also known by different names depending on the region, including: Nagar Panchayat , Taluk Panchayat, Municipal Board, Town Panchayat, and Pura Panchayat. Certain states lack Town Panchayats or equivalent urban local bodies. In the case of Kerala , Town Panchayats currently may not be in existence or may not be constituted, despite being stipulated in the Kerala Municipality Act. Pune Mahanagar Parivahan Mahamandal Limited Pune Mahanagar Parivahan Mahamandal Ltd ( PMPML )
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1952-487: The PMPML at a cost of ₹ 20 (+ ₹ 5 for application). As of April 2018, a monthly pass valid for a month on all routes costs ₹ 1,400, while students and senior citizens need to pay ₹ 750 and ₹ 500, respectively. A day pass valid on all routes costs ₹ 70 and can only be obtained on board. PMPML currently has 14 operational bus depots. PMPML has been incurring heavy operational losses ever since its formation in 2007. As per
2013-422: The administrative as well as commercial centres of the country. A Municipality , or Municipal Council , is an urban local body that administers a smaller urban area with a minimum population of 100,000 but less than 1,000,000. However, there are exceptions to that, as previously municipalities were constituted in urban centers with a population over 20,000 were reclassified as Municipality even if their population
2074-416: The authority) basis and the state governments were free to extend or control the functional sphere through executive decisions without an amendment to the legislative provisions. As per the 2011 Census, the key urbanised areas were classified as follows Statutory towns are of various kinds and the major categories include The municipal corporations and municipalities are fully representative bodies, while
2135-658: The boards of directors of the two public transport companies, PMPML and MahaMetro . For the convenience of administration, the city is divided into five zones each headed by a Deputy Municipal Commissioner. Each zone consists of three ward offices ( Marathi : क्षेत्रिय कार्यालय, IAST : Kṣhetriya Kāryālay) overseen by an Assistant Municipal Commissioner. A ward office typically has jurisdiction over more than one election ward. Ward offices not only coordinate major civic projects in their respective areas but also deal with minor works such as maintenance and repair. Residents can avail municipal services at their local ward office eliminating
2196-487: The buses being parked on the streets in 2015. The drivers have also been blamed for parking haphazardly leading to traffic snarls in the busy areas of the city. According to a CIRT report, PMPML needs 18 depots as opposed to 13 in 2016–17. Recently, the development of new depots to solve the parking issue has gained some momentum. Bus shelters have been criticized for their condition, lack of seats, information, etc. In 2017–18, several buses caught fire which has put
2257-514: The city. The Pune City Police is the law enforcement agency in the city and answers to the Ministry of Home Affairs of the GoM . It is headed by a Police Commissioner, an Indian Police Service (IPS) officer. In July 2017, eleven villages surrounding the city were merged in PMC bringing an additional area of 80.7 sq. km. and a population of 278,000 under the civic body's jurisdiction. PMC now governs
2318-402: The classification is denoted as Class A, B, C. The criteria for these classifications include population, population density, non-agricultural employment, and other relevant parameters. It interacts directly with the state government, though it is administratively part of the district it is located in. Generally smaller district cities and bigger towns have a Municipality. Municipalities are also
2379-502: The corporation. Following is the Non Tax related revenue for the corporation. Municipal elections were held on 16 February 2012 to elect a total of 152 councillors in 76 wards (2 per ward). Vaishali Bankar ( NCP ) and Deepak Mankar ( Congress ) were elected as the Mayor and Deputy Mayor respectively. Municipal Elections were held on 21 February 2017 to elect a total of 162 councillors in 41 wards. The BJP won an absolute majority in
2440-619: The criteria are above 10,000 and below 20,000. Each Nagar Panchayat has a committee consisting of a chairman with ward members. Membership consists of a minimum of ten elected ward members and three nominated members. The members of the Nagar Panchayat are elected from the several wards of the Nagar Panchayat on the basis of adult franchise for a term of five years. There are seats reserved for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, backward classes, and women. The Councillors or Ward Members are chosen by direct election from electoral wards in
2501-699: The democratic forms of municipal governance in India. In 1919, a Government of India Act incorporated the need of the resolution and the powers of democratically elected government were formulated. In 1935 another Government of India act brought local government under the preview of the state or provincial government and specific powers were given. It was the 74th amendment to the Constitution of India in 1992 that brought constitutional validity to municipal or local governments. Until amendments were made in respective state municipal legislations as well, municipal authorities were organised on an ultra vires (beyond
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2562-441: The establishment of Urban Local Bodies. There are three types of Urban Local Bodies in India, which includes municipal corporations governing large urban areas, municipal councils governing smaller urban areas, and nagar panchayats governing transitional areas from rural to urban. They are established by individual state governments and can differ in names, election method, or tier structure. The classification of these areas
2623-452: The fleet. 12-meter electric buses are deployed on all major routes at high frequency. 9-meter CNG buses travel numerous roads, including city centers, and also provide transport to students of PMC schools. Distant towns like Lonavala, Paud, Shirval, Jejuri, Yawat, Ranjangaon MIDC, Junnar, etc. are becoming part of the service. PMPML also provides a special electric bus service to Infosys employees commuting from Pune city and Pimpri-Chinchwad to
2684-412: The industrial city, Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Transport (PCMT), was founded on 4 March 1974 with a fleet of 8 buses plying between Pimpri and Bhosari . PCMT saw rapid expansion and already by 1988, it had a fleet of 101 buses plying on 13 routes. A proposal for merger of PMT and PCMT into a unified company to serve the larger metropolitan regions was proposed as early as 1992, when the general body of
2745-549: The legally assigned functions, the sectoral departments of the state government often assign unilaterally, and on an agency basis, various functions such as family planning , nutrition and slum improvement, disease and Epidemic control, etc. Besides the traditional core functions of municipalities, it also includes development functions like planning for economic development and social justice , urban poverty alleviation programs, and promotion of cultural, educational, and aesthetic aspects. However, conformity legislation enacted by
2806-571: The list of municipal functions as suggested in the twelfth schedule. There is a lot of difference in the assignment of obligatory and discretionary functions to the municipal bodies among the states. Whereas functions like planning for the social and economic development, urban forestry and protection of the environment and promotion of ecological aspects are obligatory functions for the municipalities of Maharashtra , in Karnataka these are discretionary functions. The provision of water supply and sewerage in several states has either been taken over by
2867-419: The merger contract, the PMC and PCMC bear 60% and 40% of the losses respectively. There have been disputes between the two civic bodies resulting in demands for dissolving the PMPML to form PMT and PCMT as they existed before 2007. PMPML is the sole public transport provider for the metropolitan area surrounding the twin cities of Pune and Pimpri-Chinchwad with a population of 5,057,709. PMPML had
2928-412: The merger of 23 adjoining villages within PMC limits, namely Mhalunge , Sus, Bavdhan Budruk, Kirkatwadi, Pisoli, Kondhwe-Dhawade, Kopre, Nanded , Khadakwasla, Manjari Budruk, Narhe, Holkarwadi, Autade-Handewadi, Wadachiwadi , Shewalewadi, Nandoshi, Sanasnagar, Mangdewadi, Bhilarewadi , Gujar Nimbalkarwadi, Jambhulwadi, Kolewadi and Wagholi . The total area of the PMC would be around 485 sq km, making it
2989-470: The morning and afternoon peak hours on eight of the busiest routes. PMPML also runs special services for tourists under the name 'Pune Darshan' as well as airport services from Rajiv Gandhi IT Park, Hinjawadi to Pune Airport . The following is a list of bus routes operated by PMPML in the vicinity of Pune , Pimpri-Chinchwad , and outer rural areas near Pune and Pimpri-Chinchwad. (Children aged 3 to 12 years) Single journey tickets are valid for
3050-478: The municipal corporation with the largest area in the state. To serve citizens better, PMC has taken initiative for e-Governance . Presently a few big corporations like Persistent Systems are lending help for developing the E-governance system, as a part of their social service initiative. A public-private partnership is perceived to bring tremendous changes in the future. The major responsibility of PMC
3111-400: The need to visit the PMC headquarters. The deliberative branch is the elected branch of the PMC headed by the Mayor . The city is divided into 41 multi-member wards ( Marathi : प्रभाग, IAST : Prabhāg), 39 of which are represented by four corporators each while two are represented by three corporators each. Thus, the general body of the PMC consists of 162 corporators. They are elected for
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#17327732404163172-441: The notified area committees and town area committees are either fully or partially nominated bodies. As per the Constitution of India , 74th Amendment Act of 1992, the latter two categories of towns are to be designated as municipalities or Nagar panchayats with elected bodies. After the 74th Amendment was enacted there are only three categories of urban local bodies: Among all urban local governments, municipal corporations enjoy
3233-688: The problem of insufficient buses, PMPML had decided to buy 800 new diesel buses in 2017 postponing its initial plan of buying 550 air conditioned buses. The decision drew severe criticism regarding the environmental impact of diesel buses. Several NGOs and commuter groups suggested that PMPML should buy CNG buses instead. As a result, it was decided that 400 CNG and 400 diesel-run buses would be bought. However, CM Devendra Fadnavis insisted that PMPML concentrates on eco-friendly buses in April 2018. As of May 2018, PMPML planned to buy 500 electric air conditioned buses and 400 CNG buses. PMPML does not have sufficient bus depots which leads to as many as half of
3294-490: The same fare as regular buses. PMPML is the only fleet in the country to operate near around 400 Electric buses daily, providing all necessary infrastructures and leading towards most reliable public transport service in the country. Pune Nagarpalika, the predecessor of the Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) , conceived the idea of a public transport system for the city in the 1940s which materialized when
3355-605: The state governments indicates wide variations in this regard. Whereas Bihar , Gujarat , Himachal Pradesh , Haryana , Manipur , Punjab and Rajasthan have included all the functions as enlisted in the Twelfth Schedule in their amended state municipal laws, Andhra Pradesh has not made any changes in the existing list of municipal functions. Karnataka , Kerala , Madhya Pradesh , Maharashtra , Odisha , Tamil Nadu , Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal states have amended their municipal laws to add additional functions in
3416-569: The state governments or transferred to state agencies. For example, in Tamil Nadu , Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat , water supply and sewerage works are being carried out by the state-level Public Health Engineering Department or the Water Supply and Sewerage Boards, while liability for repayment of loans and maintenances are with the municipalities. Besides these state-level agencies, City Improvement Trusts and Urban Development Authorities, like Delhi Development Authority (DDA), have been set up in
3477-433: The state municipal acts. Most Municipal Acts are enforced across all statutory urban areas in the respective states except the cantonment areas. The Government of India had issued a Model Municipal Law in 2003 which aimed to consolidate and amend the laws relating to the municipal governments in the various states and bring them into conformity with the provisions of the 74th CAA. The municipal bodies of India are vested with
3538-582: The table below. Nagar Nigam and other names in different states (translated as "Municipal Corporation/City Corporation") in India are state government formed urban local bodies that work for the development of a metropolitan city , which has a population of more than 1 million. The growing population and urbanisation in various cities of India were in need of a local governing body that can work for providing necessary community services like health centres, educational institutes, and housing and property tax. They also replace street lights. They are formed under
3599-569: Was elected as the new councillor. Municipal governance in India#Municipal Corporation In India, the Urban Local Bodies (ULBs), also called municipalities, are self-government institutions responsible for the administration of cities, towns, and transitional areas within a state or Union Territory. The 74th amendment to the Constitution of India in 1992 provided constitutional framework for
3660-596: Was second Mayor of Pune city and later became an MLC. The Pune Municipal Corporation has launched an e-Governance initiative. The city comes under the Pune district , Maharashtra. The Collector is in charge of property records and revenue collection for the Central government . Appointed by the State government , the Collector also functions as the election officer and conducts general as well as state elections in
3721-659: Was under 100,000. Locally, the municipality is known as Nagar Palika and these are constituted by the Municipal Acts of the respective states. Municipalities in India are categorized into City Municipal Councils and Town Municipal Councils or grades, the classification of which depends on factors like population, economic growth, employment, and more. This classification varies from state to state. For instance, in Kerala , municipalities are graded as I, II, III, while in Bihar ,
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