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30-658: From the 1920s until 1955 the Rasht Valley was within the Gharm Oblast . Karotegin is the historic name of the Rasht Valley and a historic political region in pre- Soviet Central Asia that is today part of Tajikistan . The Karotegin region was also named Garm , though Garm is also the name of a city and the Garmi ethnic group. Karotegin frequently appears in its alternative spellings, Qaratagin, Qarategin, Qaratigin, Karategin, Karatigin and Karateghin, in literature from

60-415: A highland district bounded on the north by Samarkand and Kokand , on the east by Ferghana , on the south by Darvaz and on the west by Hissar and other Bokharian provinces. Traditionally rough woolen cloth and mohair were woven by the natives, who also made excellent firearms and other weapons. Gold was mined in various places and there were salt-pits in the mountains. The chief town, Garm , situated on

90-641: A hill on the right bank of the Vakhsh River , was a place of some 2,000 inhabitants, as of 1911. The population was about 60,000 in 1911; five-sixths were composed of Tajiks while the remainder were Kyrgyz , who reside in what is today the Jirgatol district of Tajikistan. Historically it was difficult for the people of the Karotegin to communicate with neighboring lands except between the months of May and September. The 1949 Khait earthquake resulted in

120-658: A part of the predominantly Turkic Uzbek SSR in the process of national delimitation in Soviet Central Asia . On 24 August 1990, the Tajik SSR declared sovereignty in its borders. The republic was renamed the Republic of Tajikistan on 31 August 1991 and declared its independence from the disintegrating Soviet Union on 9 September 1991; thus modern Tajikistan is its direct legal successor state . Geographically, at 143,100 km (55,300 sq mi), it

150-521: A whole. Its capital was established in Dyushambe , which had been a village of 3,000 in 1920. In December 1929, Tajik ASSR was detached from the Uzbek SSR and given full status as a Soviet Socialist Republic – Tajik Socialist Soviet Republic . At that time, its capital was renamed Stalinabad , after Joseph Stalin , and the territory that is now northern Tajikistan ( Sughd Province ) was added to

180-523: The Civil War in Tajikistan from 1992-1997 many Gharmis were targeted for massacres. This Soviet Union –related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Tajikistan location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic The Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic , also commonly known as Soviet Tajikistan ,

210-569: The Khait landslide , which killed over 30,000 people. The Karategin-Kyrgyz Confederation is a Kyrgyz-led tribal alliance established in the Karategin province of Tajikistan. Twelve thousand Kyrgyz families previously living in the Karakurum and Kerulen regions of Mongolia had come to the Karategin region in the 16th century. On January 12, 1636, a group of twelve Kyrgyz pagan members of

240-732: The Qarategin Valley , as well as the Kalai-Khumb District . During the 1920s Gharm was a hotbed for the Basmachi , the anti- Soviet resistance in Central Asia. In 1929 Basmachi commander Faizal Maksum crossed from Afghanistan into Tajikistan and briefly captured the city Gharm, only to later be expelled by Soviet forces. The 1939 Soviet Census record a population of 183,100 in the Gharm Oblast. During

270-790: The Tajik SSR , TaSSR , or simply Tajikistan , was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union which existed from 1929 to 1991 in Central Asia . The Tajik Republic was created on 5 December 1929 as a national entity for the Tajik people within the Soviet Union. It succeeded the Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Tajik SSR), which had been created on 14 October 1924 as

300-651: The Turkestan Military District and the Central Asian Military District in neighboring Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan respectively. In the early 1990s the army was the smallest in the union and had more Russians than native Tajiks in it. The army failed to effectively defend the regime as proven in the 1990 Dushanbe riots . There was a large contingent of Soviet border guards who were commanded by Russians based from Moscow who commanded ethnic Tajik conscripts. When

330-673: The 1950s much of the population of Gharm was forcibly relocated by the government to western Tajikistan (Vakhsh valley). This population of people is known today as the Gharmis . In 1955 the Garm oblast was abolished and the land was redistributed to the Gorno-Badakshan Autonomous Oblast and the Regions under Republican Subordination Oblast . The Gharmis continued to have a distinct clan identity in Tajikistan. During

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360-479: The 1990s and earlier. Karategin was an independent region in Central Asia for many centuries. The native princes, who claimed to be descended from Alexander the Great , were independent until 1868, although their allegiance was claimed in an ineffective way by Kokand . The Emirate of Bukhara took advantage of internal political feuds and conquered the region, along with Darvaz , in 1877. The Karotegin consisted of

390-720: The Karategin biy tribe tried to settle in Balkh , in north Afghanistan . Shortly after, they attempted to return to their lands because the city was shaped deeply Islamic . The Khan of the Khanate of Bukhara , Nadr Muhammad Khan , sent the governor of Fergana ( Haji Atalik ) to the region to seize Karategin. In this way, Karategin became an integral part of the Bukhara Khanate and the Kyrgyz pilgrims were allowed to settle. These Kyrgyz later accepted Islam as their faith. Later on,

420-406: The Kyrgyz tribal members attacked the city of Kulob . During that time Dormon Uzbeks lived in the city, but they lost the war and fled to Balkh , Afghanistan. The Kyrgyzs have expanded their territory far into the northern boundaries of Afghanistan. 39°05′11″N 70°42′04″E  /  39.0863°N 70.7011°E  / 39.0863; 70.7011 Gharm Oblast The Gharm Oblast

450-643: The Soviet Union, was officially a Soviet republic governed by the Tajik republican branch within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in all organs of government, politics and society. The Supreme Soviet was a unicameral legislature of the republic headed by a Chairman, with its superiority to both the executive and judicial branches and its members convened in the Supreme Soviet building in Dushanbe . Since independence in 1991, it retained

480-549: The Soviet troops put down the riots. Yaqub Salimov , a future Interior Minister, and some youth activists were convicted for participation in the riots. Later on 24 August 1990, Tajik SSR declared its sovereignty over Soviet laws. By 1991, Tajikistan participated in a referendum in March as part of the attempt to preserve the union with a turnout of 96.85%. However, this did not happen when hardliners took control of Moscow during

510-752: The TurkVO was dissolved in June 1992, its personnel were distributed between Tajikistan and the other 4 Central Asian republics. The Tajik SSR also operated its own Ministry of Internal Affairs and Internal Troops , which was an independent republican affiliate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Soviet Union . Light industry and food industries accounted for over 60% of industrial output. The main branches of heavy industry were electric power, mining , non-ferrous metallurgy, machine building , metalworking , and building materials industry. The basis of

540-941: The electricity accounted for HPP. Mining activities concentrate on brown coal , oil and natural gas . Non-ferrous metals industries were an aluminum plant in Tursunzade and hydrometallurgical in Isfara. Engineering enterprises produced winding, agricultural machinery, equipment for trading enterprises and public catering, textile, lighting and wiring equipment, transformers, household refrigerators, cable and other (main center - Dushanbe). The chemical industry included plants - nitrogen fertilizer in Kurgan-Tube, electrochemical in Yavan, and plastics in Dushanbe. The main branches of light industry were cotton ginning, silk, and carpet weaving. In

570-557: The food industry stood fruit-canning, vegetable oil and fat industry. In 1986, there were 299 state and 157 collective farms in the country. Agricultural land was 4.2 million hectares. Due to the large irrigation works in the area of irrigated land 1986 have reached 662 thousand hectares. Agriculture gave about 65% of gross agricultural output. The leading branch of agriculture was cotton (cotton collection 922 thousand tons in 1986), developed in Fergana, Vakhsh, Hissar valleys. Tajikistan

600-455: The name of a pre-Islamic tribe that existed before the seventh century A.D. Based on the Library of Congress 's 1997 Country Study of Tajikistan, it is difficult to definitively state the origins of the word "Tajik" citing due to its "embroiled in twentieth-century political disputes about whether Turkic or Iranian peoples were the original inhabitants of Central Asia." The name of the country

630-637: The new republic. Even with the additional territory, the Tajik SSR remained the smallest Central Asian republic. On 5 December 1936, it was renamed the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic . With the creation of a Tajik republic defined in national terms came the creation of institutions that, at least in form, were likewise national. The first Tajik-language newspaper in Soviet Tajikistan began publication in 1926. New educational institutions also began operation at about

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660-464: The next three days in August . After the failure of the coup, the Tajik SSR was renamed the Republic of Tajikistan on 31 August 1991. On 9 September 1991, Tajikistan seceded from the Soviet Union months before the country itself ceased to exist on 26 December 1991. Conflicts after independence caused a civil war throughout the country over the next six years. Tajikistan, like all other republics in

690-559: The republic were still among the lowest in the Union. Most people still lived in rural qishlaqs , settlements that were composed of 200 to 700 one-family houses built along a waterway. After Stalin's death in March 1953, Stalinabad was renamed Dushanbe on 10 November 1961 as part of the De-Stalinization program. In February 1990, riots occurred in the republic's capital Dushanbe. 26 people died and 565 more were injured and

720-446: The same time. The first state schools, available to both children and adults and designed to provide basic education, opened in 1926. The central government also trained a small number of Tajiks for public office, either by putting them through courses offered by government departments or by sending them to schools in the Uzbek SSR. Under Soviet rule, Tajikistan experienced some economic and social progress. However, living standards in

750-476: The unicameral structure before being replaced by a bicameral system in 1999 using the presidential system . The republic's government structure was similar to those of other republics. Tajikistan was the only Central Asian Republic to not form an army under the Soviet Armed Forces . In replacement were the Soviet units under the Ministry of Defence , as well as troops who were subordinates of

780-548: Was an oblast in the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic in the Soviet Union from the 1920s to 1955. Its capital was Gharm . The population of Gharm were known as Gharmis , a term still used in Tajikistan today. In the 1920s, during the reorganization of borders in Central Asia , a Gharm oblast was created out of the old Qarategin and Darvaz , districts of the Emirate of Bukhara . The Gharm Oblast consisted of much of

810-461: Was bordered by Afghanistan to the south, China to the east, Pakistan to the south, separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor , as well as internally by fellow Soviet republics of Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north. Notably, the Tajik SSR was the only republic of the Soviet Union to be separated from the Russian SFSR by more than one other republic. The name Tajik refers to

840-542: Was created at the same time within the predominantly Turkic Uzbek SSR as an Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Tajik ASSR) – one rank below a Soviet Socialist Republic in USSR geopolitical hierarchy. The new autonomous republic included what had been eastern Bukhara and had a population of about 740,000, out of a total population of nearly 5 million in the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic as

870-656: Was often spelt "Tadzhikistan" in the English language during Soviet times due to it being borrowed directly from the Russian spelling "Таджикистан", where the letters 'дж' produce a 'j' sound. One of the new states created in the process of national delimitation of Soviet Central Asia in October 1924 was the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic – Uzbek SSR or Soviet Uzbekistan. Soviet Tajikistan

900-551: Was the main base of the country for the production of long-staple cotton. Cultured and tobacco , geranium , linen - Kudryashov, sesame . Approximately 20% of crops were occupied by grain crops (gross grain harvest - 246 thousand tons in 1986 in.). They grow vegetables and melons. Was developed fruit (including citrus fruit) and grapes . Meat and wool sheep and meat and dairy cattle. Livestock (in 1987, in millions): cattle - 1.4 (including cows - 0.6), sheep and goats - 3.2. Sericulture . Operating length (in 1986): Tajikistan

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