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26-511: As was stipulated in the 1997 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA), the QDR was to be conducted every four years. Five QDR's were published before its discontinuation, from 1997 to 2014. Starting from 2006, the QDR was mandated to coincide with the issuance of the next year's budget request. The congressionally mandated Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR) directs DoD to undertake a wide-ranging review of strategy, programs, and resources. Specifically,

52-606: A candidate against Spence for most of the 1990s. In 1993, Spence became the ranking Republican on the House Armed Services Committee , having been a member of the panel since his first term. The 2nd District includes Fort Jackson . He became the committee's chairman in 1995 after the Republicans under Newt Gingrich of Georgia gained their first majority in the House in forty years. Spence renamed

78-535: A conservative bent; the area's old-line Democrats had begun splitting their tickets in national elections as early as the 1940s. Watson's win was helped by the support of U.S . Senator Strom Thurmond , the former governor who had run for president in 1948 as the nominee of the one-election only third party, the States Rights Party, popularly known as the Dixiecrats . In 1966, Spence was elected to

104-586: A low-to-moderate level of risk within the forecast budget plan. The results of the 2001 QDR could well shape U.S. strategy and force structure in coming years. This report will be updated as future events warrant. The 1996 QDR was the first review requested by the Congress following the dissolution of the Soviet Union . In 1993, the Bottom Up Review (BUR) acknowledged the significant changes in

130-550: A narrow victory, becoming the first freshman Republican congressman elected from South Carolina since 1896; he was the second Republican to be elected from the state since Reconstruction (Watson was the first, elected as an incumbent after his switch to the Republican Party). Both he and Watson represented conservative whites, rather than the majority African-American Republicans in South Carolina who had supported

156-642: Is any of a series of United States federal laws specifying the annual budget and expenditures of the U.S. Department of Defense . The first NDAA was passed in 1961. The U.S. Congress oversees the defense budget primarily through two yearly bills : the National Defense Authorization Act and defense appropriations bills. The authorization bill is the jurisdiction of the Senate Armed Services Committee and House Armed Services Committee and determines

182-622: The Democratic Party . He was elected to the South Carolina House of Representatives in 1956 as a Democrat from Lexington County. He was reelected in 1958 and 1960, but on April 14, 1962, Spence announced that he was switching to the Republican Party, having become uncomfortable with the national Democrats' increasingly liberal platform. He also opposed a loyalty oath required by South Carolina Democrats. He

208-613: The September 11, 2001 attacks . Within a month it was substantially rewritten by the Bush Administration which was elected the day following its release. For the second release, the mandate had changed, but still represented the pre-9/11 strategic environment. The 2006 QDR issued February 6, 2006 was a wartime QDR created under Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld . The United States had been at war for over four years. On April 7, 2009, Defense Secretary Robert Gates said that

234-551: The South Carolina Senate ; he became the minority leader of a six-member caucus. He was reelected to the senate in 1968. In 1970, Spence ran for the 2nd congressional district seat again. Watson had become a Republican in 1965, a year after Thurmond's own switch; he was giving up his congressional seat ran in 1970 for governor . He was defeated by the Democratic lieutenant governor , John C. West . Spence won

260-592: The 2010 QDR would include a review of the nation's amphibious programs, including the fate of the Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle or EFV. Congress created a Quadrennial Defense Review Independent Panel to review the results of the 2010 QDR. Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov welcomed the changes to a more multilateral tone in the 2010 QDR, but said that Russia still had issues with the new document. National Defense Authorization Act The National Defense Authorization Act ( NDAA )

286-816: The House Armed Services Committee the "Committee on National Security" when he took over as chairman. He focused on military readiness, calling it "the best insurance we have both for peace and freedom." Spence was also a strong advocate of missile defense. He stepped down as chairman after the 106th Congress because of caucus-imposed term limits. He later served as chairman of the House subcommittee on military procurement. Spence married his first wife, Lula Hancock Drake, on December 22, 1952. She died in 1978. They had four sons. On July 3, 1988, he married his second wife, Deborah E. Williams. Spence died in Washington, D.C. , on August 16, 2001, at

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312-574: The QDR is expected to delineate a national defense strategy consistent with the most recent National Security Strategy by defining force structure, modernization plans, and a budget plan allowing the military to successfully execute the full range of missions within that strategy. The report will include an evaluation by the Secretary of Defense and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff of the military's ability to successfully execute its missions at

338-538: The age of seventy-three, from complications following brain surgery. He had been admitted to St. Dominic Hospital in Jackson , Mississippi , three weeks earlier for testing and treatment for nerve pain in his face. In 1988, he had received a double lung transplant at the University of Mississippi Medical Center. This standalone lung transplant (without heart transplant) was among the first in history, and at time of

364-613: The agencies responsible for defense, establishes recommended funding levels, and sets the policies under which money will be spent. The appropriations bill provides funds. The passage of a Defense Authorization Act is often used by Congress to honor a senior congress member or other individual. For example, the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2001 is known as the "Floyd D. Spence National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2001" in honor of Representative Floyd D. Spence of South Carolina . Floyd Spence Floyd Davidson Spence (April 9, 1928 – August 16, 2001)

390-721: The capital of South Carolina, Spence spent most of his life in nearby Lexington County . Shortly after graduating from high school, he enlisted in the United States Navy Reserve , from which he retired in 1988 as a captain . He graduated in 1952 from the University of South Carolina in Columbia with a degree in English. Four years later, he completed his Juris Doctor degree from the University of South Carolina School of Law . After law school, Spence joined

416-462: The central portion of the state. Redistricting after the 1990 census resulted in shifting most of Spence's African-American constituents to the 6th District , which was reconfigured as a black-majority district. That district was taken by Columbia resident and state human affairs commissioner Jim Clyburn , who became the first Democrat to represent Columbia since Watson's party switch in 1965. To compensate for this loss in population, Spence's district

442-460: The death of the previous congressman, John J. Riley , but declined to do so. Spence faced the Democratic nominee, fellow state representative Albert W. Watson of Columbia. Watson won his party nomination with 52 percent of the vote over Frank C. Owens, the former mayor of Columbia and the choice of party regulars. Watson defeated Spence with 53 percent of the general election vote, the closest congressional race in South Carolina in memory. The 2nd had

468-484: The global security environment by articulating a strategy where the Department of Defense sought to prevent conflict by promoting democracy and peaceful resolution of conflict while connecting the U.S. military to the militaries of other countries, especially those of the former Soviet Union. The BUR addressed the need for peacekeeping and peace enforcement operations, but used the two major theater war (MTW) scenario as

494-496: The main force shaping construct. On 6 February 1997, then Defense Secretary William Cohen appointed a National Defense Panel (NDP) to review the QDR. In 2009, the House passed HR2647, which included language to mandate a NDP that would be mostly appointed by the Congress to review the 2010 QDR. The 7–8 November 2000 QDR intended for implementation in FY2001 was a peacetime QDR created under Defense Secretary Cohen issued before

520-511: The party of Abraham Lincoln. Spence was unopposed for reelection in the Nixon - Agnew landslide of 1972 and reelected fourteen times thereafter. In 1974, Spence defeated challenger Matthew J. Perry , an African-American Democrat who had made his reputation in civil rights cases. Aided by Ronald W. Reagan at the head of the Republican ticket , Spence was reelected in 1980 with 55 percent of

546-604: The procedure Spence was the oldest patient to have received it (at 60 years of age). At the time of his death 13 years after the lung transplant, he was the longest-surviving lung transplant patient without a re-transplant, and this was a record he had held for nearly 10 years. He was buried at the Saint Peters Lutheran Church Cemetery in Lexington, South Carolina. Upon Spence's death, his former aide, Republican State Senator Joe Wilson , won

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572-491: The support of powerful senator Strom Thurmond . Watson shifted to the Republican Party in 1965 and ran unsuccessfully for governor in 1970. That year Spence won the congressional seat, and was re-elected for fourteen terms after this. He became ranking Republican on the House Armed Services Committee in 1993 and chairman in 1995. Spence died in office from cerebral thrombosis in Washington, D.C. , in 2001. Born in Columbia ,

598-419: The vote. After cruising to reelection in 1982 and 1984, Spence found his margin reduced to seven percent in 1986. That year Carroll Campbell became the second Republican to win the South Carolina governorship since Reconstruction. Spence faced another tough campaign in 1988, but did not face major-party opposition again until 1998. For his first eleven terms, Spence represented a relatively compact district in

624-487: Was an American attorney and a politician from the U.S. state of South Carolina . Elected for three terms to the South Carolina House of Representatives from Lexington County as a Democrat , in 1962 Spence announced his decision to switch to the Republican Party, as he was unhappy with shifts in the national party. He lost a contested seat that year for United States Representative from South Carolina's 2nd congressional district to Democrat Albert W. Watson , who had

650-520: Was pushed to the south and west, as far south as the resort city of Hilton Head Island and as far west as the fringes of the Augusta suburbs. By this time, the district had become very racially polarized, with African-American voters making up much of the Democratic base while whites supported Republicans. The loss of most of the district's black voters was a likely factor in the Democrats not running

676-441: Was the first Republican to serve in either house of the state legislature since Reconstruction–an example of the political realignment that had begun in South Carolina and in the entire South during the 20th century. On the same day, he announced that he would seek the Republican nomination for the state's 2nd congressional district , based in Columbia. He had been urged by several friends to run before his switch, especially after

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