The Quingnam language was a pre-Columbian language that was spoken by the Chimú people, who lived in the former territories of the Mochicas: an area north of the Chicama Chao River Valley. At the height of Chimú conquests, the language was spoken extensively from the Jequetepeque River in the north, to the Carabayllo (near present-day Lima ) in the south.
13-596: Fishermen along the Chimú coast spoke a language called Lengua Pescadora (fisherman language) by Spanish missionaries, and disambiguated as Yunga Pescadora by linguists; this may be the same as Quingnam. A letter found during excavations at Magdalena de Cao Viejo in the El Brujo Archaeological Complex includes a list of decimal numerals which may be Quingnam or Pescadora, but they are not Mochica . The Quingnam language became extinct shortly after
26-532: A ceremonial and funerary area dedicated to the collective memory. A 17th-century letter found during excavations at the site may contain translations of numbers written in Quingnam or Pescadora using the decimal system, the first physical evidence for the existence of these languages (if they are not different names for the same language). Archaeologists believe that the language was influenced by Quechua , an ancient tongue still spoken by millions of people across
39-489: A ceremonial, ritual and funerary site, the constructions are considered as the result of labor the “ caciques ” controlled. The huacas of the Early Intermediate Period (200 B.C. 600 A.D.) seem to have exerted a polymorphous and centrifugal power, yet the complex is located in a difficult weather condition area. The Brujo Complex is represented by three major huacas. The Huaca Prieta mound dates back to
52-763: The Andes . Quingnam language The Quingnam language was a pre-Columbian language that was spoken by the Chimú people, who lived in the former territories of the Mochicas: an area north of the Chicama Chao River Valley. At the height of Chimú conquests, the language was spoken extensively from the Jequetepeque River in the north, to the Carabayllo (near present-day Lima ) in
65-747: The Señora de Cao , whose remains are currently the earliest evidence for a female ruler in Peru. Both appeared in National Geographic magazine in July 2004 and June 2006. The site officially opened to the public in May 2006, and a museum exhibition was proposed for 2007. The abandonment of the Huacas at the end of the Early Intermediate Period could have been linked to the political instability and upheavals of
78-811: The Southern sphere of the Moche. Some archaeologists also point out the extreme climatic events at the end of the Intermediate Period that could have led to the decline of the culture. However, the informations relating to the end of the period are limited. The Lambayeque Culture arose in the Chicama Valley around 900 A.D. before being successively incorporated in the Chimu and the Inca expansive empires. Nevertheless, The Brujo Archaeological Complex remained
91-440: The arrival of the conquistadors . The core Chimú city, Chan Chan , was in the vicinity of the new Spanish city of Trujillo and became overwhelmed by it, with people needing to pick up the language of the conquerors for trade and survival. Below are numerals from an early 17th-century manuscript found at Magdalena de Cao (Quilter et al. 2010, as transcribed by Urban 2019 ). Although the manuscript does not indicate which language
104-438: The arrival of the conquistadors . The core Chimú city, Chan Chan , was in the vicinity of the new Spanish city of Trujillo and became overwhelmed by it, with people needing to pick up the language of the conquerors for trade and survival. Below are numerals from an early 17th-century manuscript found at Magdalena de Cao (Quilter et al. 2010, as transcribed by Urban 2019). Although the manuscript does not indicate which language
117-566: The numerals belong to, Quingnam is assumed to be the most likely candidate based on location and other clues: The numerals tau (4), sut (6), canchen (7), and pachac (100) are loanwords from a variety of Quechua II . El Brujo Located in the Chicama Valley , the El Brujo Archaeological Complex, just north of Trujillo , La Libertad Province , Peru , is an ancient archaeological site that
130-405: The preceramic times. Huaca Cortada and Huaca Cao Viejo (the largest) are stepped truncated pyramids constructed at the northern corners of the terrace during the Early Intermediate Period. Building archaeology unveils seven phases of construction spanning the early and middle phases of Moche era. Huaca Cao Viejo is famous for its polychrome reliefs and mural paintings , and the discovery of
143-561: The remains of the later Lambayeque and Chimú cultures. The development of the Brujo Archaeological Complex during the Intermediate Period falls within a context of early complex societies construction. During the Moche era, monumental religious and socio-political centers usually named huacas were built. Although the architecture, the iconography and the practice of sacrifice relate the Brujo Complex to
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#1732776567424156-473: The south. Fishermen along the Chimú coast spoke a language called Lengua Pescadora (fisherman language) by Spanish missionaries, and disambiguated as Yunga Pescadora by linguists; this may be the same as Quingnam. A letter found during excavations at Magdalena de Cao Viejo in the El Brujo Archaeological Complex includes a list of decimal numerals which may be Quingnam or Pescadora, but they are not Mochica . The Quingnam language became extinct shortly after
169-475: Was occupied from preceramic times. Considering the broad cultural sequencing, the Chicama Valley can be considered as an archaeological microcosm. Research at the site benefits from the favourable environmental and topological conditions for material conservation. Huaca Prieta is the earliest part of the complex but the biggest constructions on the site belong to the Moche culture . In this area, there are also
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