A sailboat or sailing boat is a boat propelled partly or entirely by sails and is smaller than a sailing ship . Distinctions in what constitutes a sailing boat and ship vary by region and maritime culture.
41-534: The RS Quest is a British sailboat that was designed by Jo Richards as a sail trainer and day sailer . It was first built in 2015. The design has been built by RS Sailing in the United Kingdom, since September 2015 and remains in production. The boat was designed for the British Sea Cadets to replace their existing fleet of older boats and also as a family day sailer. The RS Quest
82-689: A crane and are typically stepped on the keel through any cabin or other superstructure. Many sailboats have an alternate means of propulsion, in case the wind dies or where close maneuvering under sail is impractical. The smallest boats may use a paddle ; bigger ones may have oars ; still others may employ an outboard motor , mounted on the transom; still others may have an inboard engine . Sail training From its modern interpretations to its antecedents when maritime nations would send young naval officer candidates to sea (e.g., see Outward Bound ), sail training provides an unconventional and effective way of building many useful skills on and off
123-406: A draft of 3.57 ft (1.09 m) with the centreboard extended. Retracting the centreboard allows operation in shallow water, beaching or ground transportation on a trailer . The boat may be optionally fitted with a small outboard motor for docking and maneuvering. The maximum power is 3.35 hp (2 kW) and maximum motor weight is 33 lb (15 kg). Optional equipment includes
164-609: A high percentage of previously recycled material. The hull wrapping material is biologically-based, made from 51% sugar cane waste, officially classified in the UK as paper and is also 100% recyclable. Sailboat Although sailboat terminology has varied across history, many terms have specific meanings in the context of modern yachting . A great number of sailboat-types may be distinguished by size, hull configuration, keel type, purpose, number and configuration of masts , and sail plan . Popular monohull designs include: The cutter
205-407: A jib. Most modern designs have only one sail, the mainsail; however, the traditional catboat could carry multiple sails from the gaff rig. Catboat is a charming and distinctive sailboat featuring a single mast with a single large sail, known as a gaff-rigged sail, and a broad beam that ensures stability. This type of vessel, named after the "cat" tackle used in sailing, has a rich history dating back to
246-431: A lot of weight in two "wings" which run sideways from the main part of the keel. Even more recent is the concept of canting keels , designed to move the weight at the bottom of a sailboat to the upwind side, allowing the boat to carry more sails. A twin keel has the benefit of a shallower draft and can allow the boat to stand on dry land. Multihulls, on the other hand, have minimal need for such ballast, as they depend on
287-459: A polyethylene foredeck, trapeze , an outboard motor mount, a launching dolly and a boat trailer for ground transport. For sailing downwind the design may be equipped with a optional symmetrical spinnaker of 107 sq ft (9.9 m) or an asymmetrical spinnaker of 118 sq ft (11.0 m). The boat's hull is 100% recyclable and the box it is shipped in is 100% recyclable material, made from 100% managed woodland materials, with
328-423: A premium to sail while being trained, some recruited for very modest salaries. The apprentices were considered trainees and were the first formalization of sail trainers with crew drawn from members of the public who just went for the adventure, as opposed to a career. With manning costs netted out on Erikson's balance sheet, the ships continued to return a paper profit . However Erikson was under no illusions as to
369-559: A purely educational endeavour with trainees as the cargo. From 1932 through 1958, Irving Johnson and his wife Electa circumnavigated the world seven times with amateur youth crews on board their vessels named Yankee . Over the years, their voyages were featured in books they authored, and in National Geographic magazines and TV specials like "Irving Johnson, High Seas Adventurer" . Their archives are at Mystic Seaport , Connecticut. Australian Alan Villiers purchased
410-411: A reduced draft, with a much reduced underwater profile. This, in turn, results directly in reduced wetted surface area and drag. Without a ballast keel, multihulls can go in shallow waters where monohulls can not. There are trade-offs, however, in multihull design. A well designed ballasted boat can recover from a capsize, even from turning over completely. Righting a multihull that has gotten upside down
451-486: Is a recreational sailing dinghy , with the hull built predominantly of rotomoulded Comptec PE3 polyethylene . It has a fractional sloop rig with aluminum spars and wire standing rigging . The hull has a nearly- plumb stem , a vertical transom , a transom-hung aluminum rudder controlled by a tiller and a retractable glassfibre centreboard . It displaces 309 lb (140 kg) and can carry 805 lb (365 kg) of crew weight or four adults. The boat has
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#1732787976671492-489: Is difficult in any case and impossible without help unless the boat is small or carries special equipment for the purpose. Multihulls often prove more difficult to tack, since the reduced weight leads directly to reduced momentum, causing multihulls to more quickly lose speed when headed into the wind. Also, structural integrity is much easier to achieve in a one piece monohull than in a two or three piece multihull whose connecting structure must be substantial and well connected to
533-461: Is easier for a short-handed crew to manage. A yawl is similar to a ketch, with a shorter mizzen mast carried astern the rudderpost more for balancing the helm than propulsion. Traditional sailboats are monohulls , but multi-hull catamarans and trimarans are gaining popularity. Monohull boats generally rely on ballast for stability and usually are displacement hulls. This stabilizing ballast can, in boats designed for racing, be as much as 50% of
574-448: Is not a strictly defined type of vessel. The term is commonly used today to define a large, traditionally rigged vessel, whether or not is it technically a full-rigged ship . For example, USCGC Eagle is technically a barque . A tall ship is usually defined by the topmast and topsails she carries as opposed to the modern high-aspect-ratio rigs and marconi mains carried by the sloops and yawls seen in every harbor today. For
615-735: Is one such example of this, with visitors to the Bilbao Maritime Museum enjoying free entry to the ship during the winter months when she is moored nearby. As the crew of the Irving Johnson and the award-winning program at the Los Angeles Maritime Institute like to say "We do not train youth for a life at sea ... we use the sea to educate youth for life" . Tall ships have been found to be effective platforms for sail training as they combine many elements fundamental to sail training. A "tall ship"
656-436: Is similar to a sloop with a single mast and mainsail, but generally carries the mast further aft to allow for a jib and staysail to be attached to the head stay and inner forestay, respectively. Once a common racing configuration, today it gives versatility to cruising boats, especially in allowing a small staysail to be flown from the inner stay in high winds. A catboat has a single mast mounted far forward and does not carry
697-600: Is the Association of Sail Training Organisations (ASTO) Founded in 1972, http://www.asto.org.uk Square rigged seamanship was in danger of becoming a lost art. As the 1997 restoration of USS Constitution neared completion, the United States Navy called on the crew of HMS Bounty to train her sailors to sail the vessel as originally intended. Many boats are historical vessels and replicas which require coordinated manual labor to sail, operating in
738-421: Is the sloop, which features one mast and two sails, typically a Bermuda rigged main , and a headsail . This simple configuration is very efficient for sailing into the wind. A fractional rigged sloop has its forestay attached at a point below the top of the mast, allowing the mainsail to be flattened to improve performance by raking the upper part of the mast aft by tensioning the backstay. A smaller headsail
779-469: Is what prevents leeway and allows sailing towards the wind. This can be an external piece or a part of the hull. Most monohulls larger than a dinghy require built-in ballast . Depending on the design of the boat, ballast may be 20 to 50 percent of the displacement. The ballast is often integrated into their keels as large masses of lead or cast iron. This secures the ballast and gets it as low as possible to improve its effectiveness. External keels are cast in
820-581: The Bay of Biscay to Lisbon in Portugal . Five square rigged school ships entered the race, Denmark's Danmark , Norway's Christian Radich and Sorlandet , Belgium's Mercator and Portugal's first Sagres . The vessels met again the following year and every year since in an annual series that would astonish its original organizers today. Old vessels were saved or repaired and new purpose built sail training vessels were commissioned. With renewed interest in
861-525: The First World War saw a brief return to profitability as all ship types were in scarce supply due to wartime losses but that boom became bust as many new steam ships were built to replace the sailing ships that were lost. While many countries of the world operated sailing ships as training ships for officers in their merchant marine in the 1920s and 30s, several sailing ship owners such as Carl Laeisz and Gustaf Erikson determined that there
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#1732787976671902-552: The 19th century in the coastal regions of the United States, particularly New England, where it was widely used by fishermen and sailors. With its straightforward design and uncomplicated rigging, the catboat offers a straightforward and laid-back sailing experience, making it an ideal choice for beginners and pleasure sailors alike. Even today, catboats continue to be cherished by enthusiasts who appreciate their heritage and enjoy their picturesque appearance while cruising through
943-669: The International Fleet in 1974. A limited exchange between the East and West was initiated. One of the largest of the affiliate organizations of the STI is the American Sail Training Association (ASTA). Founded in 1973 with a handful of vessels, it has since grown to encompass an international organization with more than 250 tall ships representing 25 different countries. The UK National Member of STI
984-555: The age of sail, national sail training associations affiliated to Sail Training International (STI) (formerly "Sail Training Association") were organized and large summer events find upwards of 100 ships racing across the oceans. Crew exchanges allow young people from one country to sail with those from another. Long before the end of the Cold War , ships from Russia and Poland (which in some cases had been built in Germany) joined
1025-481: The bottom end in a receptacle that is supported above the keel of the boat or on the deck or other superstructure that allows the mast to be raised at a hinge point until it is erect. Some masts are supported solely at the keel and laterally at the deck and are called "unstayed". Most masts rely in part or entirely (for those stepped on the deck) on standing rigging , supporting them side-to-side and fore-and aft to hold them up. Masts over 25 feet (7.6 m) may require
1066-550: The genesis of current modern sail training, using manually operated ships and the harsh discipline imposed by the sea to further personal development and taking those disadvantaged by circumstance to benefit from the experience. By the end of the Second World War, the numbers of traditionally rigged sailing ships left were dwindling and public interest waned. After the German school ship Niobe sank in 1932, killing 69,
1107-536: The geometry of their design, the wide base of their multiple hulls, for their stability. Designers of performance multihulls, such as the Open 60's , go to great lengths to reduce overall boat weight as much as possible. This leads some to comment that designing a multihull is similar to designing an aircraft. A centreboard or daggerboard is retractable lightweight keel which can be pulled up in shallow water. On small sailboats, masts may be "stepped" (put in place) with
1148-470: The hull itself has sufficient buoyancy to remain afloat. A multihull optimized for light weight (at the expense of cruising amenities and storage for food and other supplies), combined with the absence of ballast can result in performance gains in terms of acceleration, top speed, and manoeuvrability. The lack of ballast makes it much easier to get a lightweight multihull on plane, reducing its wetted surface area and thus its drag. Reduced overall weight means
1189-450: The hulls. All these hull types may also be manufactured as, or outfitted with, hydrofoils . All vessels have a keel , it is the backbone of the hull. In traditional construction, it is the structure upon which all else depends. Modern monocoque designs include a virtual keel. Even multihulls have keels. On a sailboat, the word "keel" is also used to refer to the area that is added to the hull to improve its lateral plane. The lateral plane
1230-530: The long term profitability of his venture, which depended on ignoring the depreciation on his ships and a shrinking supply of sound hulls and rigs . The company would use their profits to diversify into steam after the Second World War . While the shipping companies of Erickson and F. Laeisz gradually turned to steam , the next generation of captains were climbing up the hawsehole and taking command of their own vessels, redefining sail training as
1271-473: The loss of Pamir in 1957 and Albatross in 1961 drew further ill will and seemed to signal the end of an era. In what was conceived to be last great gathering of square-riggers under sail, Bernard Morgan and Greville Howard persuaded a number of ship owners to join together in a sort of farewell salute in 1956, organizing a race from Torbay on the South Coast of England to race informally across
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1312-573: The mainmast, but forward of the rudder post. The second mast is called the mizzen mast and the sail is called the mizzen sail. A ketch can also be Cutter-rigged with two head sails. A schooner has a mainmast taller than its foremast , distinguishing it from a ketch or a yawl. A schooner can have more than two masts, with the foremast always lower than the foremost main. Traditional topsail schooners have topmasts allowing triangular topsails sails to be flown above their gaff sails ; many modern schooners are Bermuda rigged. The most common modern sailboat
1353-469: The old school ship George Stage from Denmark in 1934. Renaming her the Joseph Conrad , he sailed her round the world with no paying cargo and a crew of youth who had paid to be there. He also took as many non-paying youth as he could afford to fit in the budget, those he considered at risk on the streets of their inner cities and in need of what was then called "character building". These trips were
1394-629: The original tradition proposed by Alan Villiers and Irving Johnson such as the Picton Castle while others are purpose built educational platforms carrying out scientific research under sail such as Robert C. Seamans and Corwith Cramer of the Sea Education Association . Another new direction is the development of floating maritime heritage centres, connected to a sail training organisation, and often in co-ordination with land based maritime museums. Tall Ship Atyla
1435-458: The purpose of classification and race rating, the STI divides tall ships into the following classes : The United States Coast Guard classifies vessels based on their intended use and structure, prescribing requirements for captain and crew manning, waters the vessel may operate in, number of passengers allowed and minimum safety equipment required. With the exception of uninspected vessels, all such vessels are inspected annually and issued
1476-399: The shape of the keel. A monohull's keel is made effective by a combination of weight, depth, and length. Most modern monohull boats have fin keels, which are heavy and deep, but short in relation to the hull length. More traditional yachts carried a full keel which is generally half or more of the length of the boat. A recent feature is a winged keel , which is short and shallow, but carries
1517-424: The water. By 1900 most commercial sailing vessels were struggling to turn a profit in the face of competition from more modern steam ships which had become efficient enough to steam shorter great circle routes between ports instead of the longer trade wind routes used by sailing ships . Ships were built larger to carry bulk cargoes more efficiently, their rigs were simplified to reduce manning costs and speed
1558-399: The waterways. A dinghy is a type of small open sailboat commonly used for recreation, sail training , and tending a larger vessel. They are popular in youth sailing programs for their short LOA , simple operation and minimal maintenance. They have three (or fewer) sails : the mainsail , jib , and spinnaker . Ketches are similar to a sloop, but there is a second shorter mast astern of
1599-720: The weight of the boat, but is generally around 30%. It creates two problems; one, it gives the monohull tremendous inertia, making it less maneuverable and reducing its acceleration. Secondly, unless it has been built with buoyant foam or air tanks, if a monohull fills with water, it will sink. Multihulls rely on the geometry and the broad stance of their multiple hulls for their stability, eschewing any form of ballast. Some multihulls are designed to be as light-weight as possible while still maintaining structural integrity. They can be built with foam-filled flotation chambers and some modern trimarans are rated as unsinkable, meaning that, should every crew compartment be completely filled with water,
1640-545: Was no longer a premium. Owners shipped cargoes that were non-perishable so that their dates of arrival (which steam ships had started to guarantee) were of less importance. Finally as the Panama Canal was opened, sailing ships were used in parts of the world where steam ships still found it hard to operate, mainly on: Both Chilean and Australian ports were difficult to supply with coal for steamships to refuel. Also, both routes to Europe went round Cape Horn . The end of
1681-457: Was still a profit to be made from the last of the sailing ships. Erikson purchased existing ships that required the minimum of capital investment and repaired them with parts cannibalised from other ships. Identifying the bulk cargo routes that would still offer paying freights, he manned the ships with a smattering of paid experienced officers. Some of the deckhands were apprentices from steamship lines and other adventurous youth who had paid