The United Reformed Church ( URC ) is a Protestant Christian church in the United Kingdom . As of 2024 it had approximately 44,000 members in around 1,250 congregations with 334 stipendiary ministers.
68-555: Robertson Street Congregational Church (since 1972, the Robertson Street United Reformed Church ) is a former United Reformed church in the centre of Hastings , a seaside town and borough in East Sussex , England. Built in 1885 on the site of an earlier church which had been constructed in 1857, it was designed by Henry Ward (1854–1927), who was responsible for many of the key buildings in
136-472: A Forster and Andrews two console organ with highly ornamented pipes mounted unusually above the altar behind the minister. It was later overhauled by Morgan and Smith. Some pipes are currently stored laying down due to deterioration in the mountings and other stops are believed to be inoperable. United Reformed Church The URC is a trinitarian church whose theological roots are distinctly Reformed and whose historical and organisational roots are in
204-506: A theatre , a 'safe space', mental health support groups and many other community groups. The windows and stonework, together with ironwork require repairs costing in excess of £750,000 with additional repairs needed to the Robertson Street entrance. Much of the interior finish has been damaged due to damp ingress (both from the roof which has now been repaired, and leaking/insufficient number of gutters and downpipes). Fund-raising
272-464: A campaign developed to raise money for the proposed society, and its first meeting was organised at Baker's Coffee House on Change Alley in the City of London. Eighteen supporters showed up and helped agree the aims of the proposed missionary society – to spread the knowledge of Christ among heathen and other unenlightened nations . By Christmas over thirty men were committed to forming the society. In
340-547: A general vestry, a large hall and lavatories) could be utilised by the Young Mens Christian Association in addition to providing classrooms and meeting rooms. The galleries, pews, ceiling and roof were made out of pitch pine, with the walls being finished utilising Parian cement (a fast drying cement with borax added to the mix). At the time of dedication, the church was the only non-conformist place of worship lit by electricity. The church features
408-498: A great past invites you to help equip it for a greater future". Gould was succeeded in 1955 by Rev. Charles A Haig. In the years that followed, the church became a centre of evangelism, with particular credit being given to the quality of its youth and children's work, under the guidance of Kay Mozely. In 1978, the Rev. Brian Bowyer came to the church and was able to see the church through difficult days when major faults were discovered in
476-826: A licence. In 2012, the URC voted to allow the blessing of same-sex civil partnerships . In 2016, the URC voted to allow its churches to conduct same-sex marriages . Formed in an act of ecumenical union, the URC is committed to ecumenism . The denomination is a member of many ecumenical organisations, including Churches Together in England , Cytûn (Churches Together in Wales), the Enfys covenant, Action of Churches Together in Scotland (ACTS) and Churches Together in Britain and Ireland ,
544-548: A small group of people and be hard to sustain. Edward Williams continued his involvement and, in July 1796, gave the charge to the first missionaries sent out by the Society. The Society aimed to create a forum where evangelicals could work together, give overseas missions financial support and co-ordination. It also advocated against opponents who wanted unrestricted commercial and military relations with native peoples throughout
612-424: A synod moderator. The synod and its committees provide oversight within the framework of presbyterian polity , giving pastoral care and making important decisions about where ministers serve and how churches share ministry. Through the synods, the URC relates to other Christian denominations at a regional level such as Anglican dioceses . Synods make many key decisions about finance, and about church property, which
680-454: A year every February (until 2022 this meeting took place every November). Church Related Community Work (CRCW) is a distinctive ministry within the URC. CRCW ministers use the principles of community development to respond to issues facing their neighbourhoods, working alongside local individuals and organisations, developing initiatives to transform communities. Between them, CRCW ministers enable churches to widen their mission by: URC Youth
748-705: Is commemorated to this day by the Torres Strait Islanders in the annual Coming of the Light Festival . The Society soon sent missionaries all over the world, notably to India, China, Australia, Madagascar and Africa. Famous LMS missionaries included: The London Missionary Society merged with the Commonwealth Missionary Society (formerly the Colonial Missionary Society ) in 1966 to form
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#1732772632262816-472: Is continuing, both by means of 'sponsorship' of individual building elements and on-going events within the building. In addition to the usage as a place of worship the venue is also utilised as a theatre - the Opus Theatre under the direction of Polo Piatti . With the horseshoe shaped auditorium providing excellent acoustics. In addition, the venue is utilised for lectures and other events The church
884-576: Is for young people aged 11–25. Formed in 1974, with the name the Fellowship of United Reformed Youth (FURY) , it is led by URC Youth Executive who plan the annual Youth Assembly. The Youth Executive comprises a representative from each Synod, and several other members such as the Moderator and Moderator-Elect. The United Reformed Church has published Reform magazine since 1972, as a forum for "News, comment, inspiration debate". A digital edition of
952-502: Is usually held in trust by a synod trust company. Synods have committees and employ staff to encourage and serve local churches. The URC has a General Assembly (chaired by a Moderator , who can either be an Elder or an ordained Minister of Word and Sacrament or a Church Related Community Worker (CRCW) which gathers representatives of the whole of the URC to meet annually. Advised by the Assembly Executive, formerly known as
1020-711: The Congregational Council for World Mission (CCWM). At the formation of the United Reformed Church in 1972 it underwent another name change, becoming the Council for World Mission (Congregational and Reformed) . The CWM (Congregational and Reformed) was again restructured in 1977 to create a more internationalist and global body, the Council for World Mission . The records of the London Missionary Society are held at
1088-666: The Council for World Mission (Congregational), and the Foreign Missions Committee (Presbyterian)) are held by the Archives of the School of Oriental and African Studies , London. Local church records are the responsibility of the church concerned, and will normally be found either in the relevant local record office, or at the church concerned. The URC is governed by a combined form of congregationalism and presbyterian polity . According to its 2022 Yearbook,
1156-741: The Fellowship of Independent Evangelical Churches . The URC subsequently united with the Re-formed Association of Churches of Christ in 1981 and the Congregational Union of Scotland in 2000. In 2007, a detailed report was submitted to the General Assembly exploring the church's stand on homosexuality . In 2011, the URC allowed the blessing of same-sex unions . On 9 July 2016 the church formally voted by 240 votes to 21 in favour of allowing any local church to offer same-sex marriages, if it chooses to obtain
1224-680: The House of Commons on 21 June 1972, Alexander Lyon called it "one of the most historic measures in the history of the Christian churches in this country". About a quarter of English Congregational churches chose not to join the new denomination; in England, there are three main groups of continuing Congregationalists: the Congregational Federation , the Evangelical Fellowship of Congregational Churches and
1292-783: The Presbyterian ( Calvinism ) and Congregational traditions. Its Basis of Union contains a statement concerning the nature, faith and order of the United Reformed Church which sets out its beliefs in a condensed form. The United Reformed Church resulted from the 1972 union of the Presbyterian Church of England and the Congregational Church in England and Wales . In introducing the United Reformed Church Bill in
1360-904: The World Council of Churches , the Conference of European Churches , the Community of Protestant Churches in Europe , the World Communion of Reformed Churches and the Council for World Mission . In 1982, the URC voted in favour of a covenant with the Church of England , the Methodist Church and the Moravian Church , which would have meant remodelling its moderators as bishops and incorporating its ministry into
1428-861: The apostolic succession . However, the Church of England rejected the covenant. The denominational archives of the United Reformed Church are held in the Congregational Library, housed at the Dr Williams's Library , in London, as are the archives of the Congregational Union of England and Wales. The papers of the Presbyterian Church of England are held at Westminster College, Cambridge . The papers of associated missionary societies ( London Missionary Society ,
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#17327726322621496-950: The gospels . After attending Homerton College , then in Hampstead, William Ellis was ordained in 1815. Soon atter his marriage to Mary Mercy Moor on 9 November 1815 they were posted to the South Sea Islands returning in 1824. He later become Chief Foreign Secretary. In September 1816, Robert Moffat (1795–1883) was commissioned in the Surrey Chapel, Southwark , on the same day as John Williams . Moffat served in South Africa until 1870. Mary Moffat joined him and they married in 1819. The LMS only employed male missionaries and it preferred them to be married. The Moffats were to have several children who also became and/or married missionaries. In 1817, Edward Stallybrass
1564-522: The Assembly's standing committees. There are 11 standing committees appointed by General Assembly to carry out its policy and to advise the Assembly. Each committee relates to a different area of church life, including communications, mission, ministries and education and learning. Assembly Executive, formerly known as the Mission Council, the executive body of the General Assembly, meets once
1632-565: The Church Meeting and shares with the minister the spiritual and pastoral oversight of the church. Elders are normally elected to serve for a specific period of time. Within the present structures, congregations are able to manage themselves and arrange their services as they choose, reflecting their circumstances and preferences. As a result, congregations, even neighbouring ones, may have quite different characters, types of service and eligibility for communion . Congregations, through
1700-505: The Church Meeting, are responsible for the selection (issue of a 'call') of ministers to fill vacancies. They also select elders from within the membership and accept new members. At a regional level, representatives of the congregations assemble in a synod . There are 11 English synods, roughly corresponding to each region of England , one in Scotland and one in Wales ; each is served by
1768-593: The LMS mission was accepted and grew rapidly throughout the Samoan Islands. The eastern end of the Samoan archipelago, was the kingdom of Manu'a . The paramount chief, Tui-Manu'a embraced Christianity and Manu'a also became a LMS island kingdom. 1832 – John Williams ( Ioane Viliamu as he is known to Samoans) landed at Leone Bay in what was later to become American Samoa . (Tala faasolopito o le Ekalesia Samoa) He
1836-610: The Midlands, expressing the need for interdenominational world evangelization and foreign missions. It was effective and Williams began to play an active part in the plans for a missionary society. He left Birmingham in 1795, becoming pastor at Masbrough , Rotherham, and tutor of the newly formed Masbrough academy . Also in 1793, the Anglican cleric John Eyre of Hackney founded the Evangelical Magazine . He had
1904-399: The Mission Council, the General Assembly plans the activity of the URC across Great Britain and makes key policy decisions about the direction of the life of the denomination. It also appoints central staff (i.e. those responsible Britain-wide), receives reports from committees, and deals with substantial reports and mission initiatives. The synods are represented along with the convenors of
1972-706: The Rev. Archibald Wright Murray evangelised among the inhabitants of the Ellice Islands . 15 October 1870 - Rev. Samuel James Whitmee arrived at Arorae (Gilbert Islands, now Kiribati ), and later that month he visited Tamana , Onoatoa and Beru . In August 1872, George Pratt of the LMS visited the Gilbert Islands. 1871 - London Missionary Society arrives in the Torres Strait Islands (now in Queensland , Australia). The event
2040-404: The Robertson Street entrance after passing a hall which is currently used as a cafeteria. A rear stair and stairs with wrought iron balustrades lead into the horseshoe shaped gallery which repeats the curved pews with under-pew heating. In total there was seating for 1100 people. It was planned that the basement (which was subdivided into a deacon's vestry, the minister's vestry, the choir vestry,
2108-606: The Samoa Mission Press. In 1840, the medical missionary and explorer David Livingstone (1813–1873) departed for South Africa, arriving in 1841, and serving with the LMS until 1857. Moffat and Livingstone met circa 1841. In 1845, Livingstone married Robert and Mary Moffat's daughter Mary (1821–1862). Around 1842, founded the London Missionary Society's School for the Sons and Orphans of Missionaries, now known as Eltham College . David Livingstone sent his son Robert to
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2176-698: The Society placed missionaries with the Rev. David Bogue of Gosport for preparation for their ministries. Captain James Wilson offered to sail the missionaries to their destination unpaid. The Society was able to afford the small ship Duff , of 267 tons ( bm ). It could carry 18 crew members and 30 missionaries. Seven months after the crew left port from the Woolwich docks in late 1796 they arrived in Tahiti , where seventeen missionaries departed. The missionaries were then instructed to become friendly with
2244-570: The Tahitians, named Papehia, was used as intermediaries to convince local chiefs to join the new gospel. 1830 – John Williams sighted the coast of Savai'i in Samoa and landed on August 24, 1830 at Sapapali'i village in search of Malietoa Vai‘inupo , a paramount chief of Samoa. John Williams was greeted by his brother Taimalelagi. Upon meeting Malietoa at a large gathering in Sapapali'i,
2312-470: The United Reformed Church has approximately 40,000 members in 1,284 congregations with 334 stipendiary ministers, 56 non-stipendiary ministers, 110 non-active or in non-URC posts, 844 retired ministers, 209 of whom are active, 30 church-related community workers, 218 ministers of other churches, 36 Synod recognised local lay leaders and lay pastors, 2 mission partners, 342 accredited lay preachers, 7,286 serving elders and 6,278 non serving elders. The decline of
2380-662: The area were constantly being sought. The membership of Robertson Street fell from 42 in January 2010 to 28 at the time of closure in December 2012, mainly as a result of deaths. From January 2012, the congregation began exploring its future, ahead of the Local Mission & Ministry Review (LMMR) process due to take place later in the year. Given that the prospects of receiving a minister were slim (due to demands on URC ministry at this time), that there were major problems with
2448-534: The building has been owned by His Place Church under the Reverend Chris Sears. His Place is a Pentecostal fellowship founded in 1984 as a house church ; it moved to a former mission hall in Duke Road in 1997, but had outgrown the space. £35,000 was spent on roof repairs and fund-raising continues to permit repair of many parts of the building. Current usages alongside the church include a cafe,
2516-456: The building which would be expensive to make good, and that there were three other URCs in the town as well as churches of other denominations – all of whom would welcome new faces – the congregation began to question whether the best move might well be to disperse as a fellowship and enrich the lives of other churches through the injection of new members. The path towards closure was first chosen on 21 September 2012 and confirmed on 30 November of
2584-716: The central north coast of Savai'i island in Samoa in August 1837. He left the LMS in 1850 when he accepted a position with the Congregational church in Auckland, New Zealand. 1839–1879 – The Rev. George Pratt served as a missionary in Samoa for many years, at the station at Matautu on Savai'i island. Pratt was a linguist and authored the first grammar and dictionary on the Samoan language , first published in 1862 at
2652-438: The chosen contractor was John Howell with a bid of £7,090. In order to permit the expansion, the property next-door to the church had also been purchased. Whilst the congregation had no church to worship in, services were held at various locations throughout the town, including The Gaiety Theatre and Hastings Pier pavilion. The Memorial stone was laid on 11 September 1884 at 3:30pm, with a large crowd of people, mainly members of
2720-630: The congregation and worthies such as the Mayor, Alderman Thorpe and a number of Pastors and Ministers of surrounding churches. When the time came to lay the stone, one of the leading Congregationalists of the time, Mr Spicer was presented with a silver trowel to lay the stone. He then declared "In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost, I declare this stone well and truly laid". The stone
2788-405: The cost of maintaining the building forced the church to close in 2012. It was acquired by a Pentecostal Christian group, who had outgrown their church premises elsewhere in the borough, and is still an active place of worship with the name His Place Church . The church was founded by Daniel Smith in 1856 who carried out much evangelical work around the town. A Gothic Revival -style building on
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2856-551: The crew. Of the seventeen missionaries that arrived in Tahiti, eight soon left on the first British ship to arrive in Tahiti. When Duff returned to Britain it was immediately sent back to Tahiti with thirty more missionaries. This journey was disastrous. A French privateer captured Duff , landed its prisoners in Montevideo, and sold her. The expense of the journey cost 'The Missionary Society' ten thousand pounds , which
2924-564: The denomination matches that of other Christian churches in the United Kingdom such as the Church of England and the Methodist Church. Each congregation (local church) within the URC is governed by a Church Meeting consisting of all its members, which is the ultimate decision-making body in the local church. There is also an elders' meeting (similar to the presbyterian Kirk Session in the Church of Scotland ) which advises
2992-403: The following year, 1795, Spa Fields Chapel was approached for permission to preach a sermon to the various ministers and others by now keenly associated with the plan to send missionaries abroad. This was organised for Tuesday 22 September 1795, the host chapel insisting that no collection for the proposed society must be made during the founding event which would be more solemn, and formally mark
3060-422: The former Robertsbridge United Reformed Church opened in 1879 and 1881 respectively in the villages of Sedlescombe and Robertsbridge , north of Hastings. The chapel at Robertsbridge maintained links with the Robertson Street church for much of the 20th century. In 1943, total number of church-members had fallen to 238. At services conducted by the Rev. A. E. Gould, in December 1944 there were only 65 attending
3128-415: The island of Erromango whilst he was preaching to them. He was traveling at the time in the Missionary ship Camden commanded by Captain Robert Clark Morgan (1798–1864). A memorial stone was erected on the island of Rarotonga in 1839 and is still there today. His widow is buried with their son, Samuel Tamatoa Williams, at the old Cedar Circle in London's Abney Park Cemetery , the name of her husband and
3196-423: The magazine, accessed through an app or online, was launched in April 2015. Reform was called "a prophetic voice" by the theologian Robert Beckford in 2013. International churches London Missionary Society The London Missionary Society was an interdenominational evangelical missionary society formed in England in 1795 at the instigation of Welsh Congregationalist minister Edward Williams. It
3264-438: The morning service and 42 the evening. The Reverend accepted a call to the ministry and was inducted in March 1945. Over the course of just under ten years, he had attracted nearly 400 new members which was reflected in the church roll exceeding 400 by 1955. During the course of the Rev. Gould's ministry, the church raised £1000 to install replacement electric lighting in 1948, marketing events in advertisements as "The church with
3332-465: The nations which are in like condition with yourselves of old, to entreat them that they turn from their dumb idol to the living God, and to wait for His Son from heaven? Verily their debtors ye are. John Eyre responded by inviting a leading and influential evangelical, the Rev. Thomas Haweis , to write a response to Bogue's appeal. The Cornishman sided firmly with Bogue, and immediately identified two donors, one of £500, and one of £100. From this start,
3400-417: The natives, build a mission house for sleeping and worship, and learn the native language. The missionaries faced unforeseen problems. The natives had firearms and were anxious to gain possessions from the crew. The Tahitians also had faced difficulties with diseases spread from the crews of ships that had previously docked there. The natives saw this as retribution from the gods, and they were very suspicious of
3468-468: The non-denominational lines of the Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade , to design a society that could prevail against the difficulties that evangelicals often faced when spreading the Word. This aimed to overcome the difficulties that establishment of overseas missions had faced. It had frequently proved hard to raise the finance because evangelicals belonged to many denominations and churches; all too often their missions would only reach
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#17327726322623536-590: The origin of the Missionary Society . Hundreds of evangelicals attended, and the newly launched society quickly began receiving letters of financial support, and interest from prospective missionaries. Joseph Hardcastle of Hatcham House, Deptford became the first Treasurer, and the Rev. John Eyre of Hackney (editor of the Evangelical Magazine ) became the first Secretary to the Missionary Society—the latter appointment providing it with an effective 'newspaper' to promote its cause. The Missionary Society's board quickly began interviewing prospective candidates. In 1800
3604-603: The record of his death described first on the stone. John Williams' remains were sought by a group from Samoa and his bones were brought back to Samoa, where throngs of the LMS mission attended a funeral service attended by Samoan royalty, high-ranking chiefs and the LMS missionaries. His remains were interred at the native LMS church in Apia. A monument stands in his memory across from the Congregational Christian Church of Apia chapel. The Rev. Alexander MacDonald and his wife Selina ( née Blomfield ) arrived in Rarotonga in May 1836, then Samoa in April 1837 and settled at Safune on
3672-462: The roof. For a long while, the sanctuary was closed, with the congregation worshipping in the church hall below. A mammoth fundraising effort saw the roof repaired in time for a wedding within the church family to take place in the sanctuary as planned. A ministry team was then developed for the area and different ministries developed. However, the local churches reflected the national trend of declining numbers, and new patterns of providing ministry for
3740-409: The same year. In its time, Robertson Street URC was an engine for evangelism; it hosted meetings of the local committee of the London Missionary Society as well as the Hastings Council of Churches. Robertson Street URC closed on 30 December 2012. The church was registered in accordance with the Places of Worship Registration Act 1855 ; its number on the register was 28925. It was also registered for
3808-540: The school during the 1850s. Eric Liddell , Olympic athlete and Missionary, also attended the school. 1844 – London Missionary Society established Malua Theological College at the village of Malua on Upolu to educate local men to become village clergy for the rapidly growing mission with over 250 villages and 25,000 membership. 1844 – London Missionary Society sent Samoan missionaries to surrounding islands; Rotuma , Niue , Tokelau , Ellice Islands , Papua , Vanuatu . Over 300 served in Papua alone. 1865 -
3876-408: The site was the congregation's original chapel. The Rev. C. New, one of the most important figures in Hastings' Congregationalist community at the time, was instrumental in getting a new church funded and built after the congregation had out-grown the original building and extensive repairs were required in any case. The construction contract was put out to tender; bids ranged from £6,526 to £8,240, and
3944-415: The solemnisation of marriages on 18 April 1887. Until its closure, Robertson Street United Reformed Church was in that denomination's Southern Synod, one of 13 Synods in Great Britain. As of 2010 the Synod was responsible for 168 United Reformed churches in southeast England, including Robertson Street and three others in the Borough of Hastings: Clive Vale, St Luke's and St Mark's. Since December 2013,
4012-425: The support of the presbyterian John Love , and congregationalists Edward Parsons and John Townshend (1757–1826). Proposals for the Missionary Society began in 1794 after a Baptist minister, John Ryland , received word from William Carey , the pioneer British Baptist missionary who had recently moved to Calcutta , about the need to spread Christianity . Carey suggested that Ryland join forces with others along
4080-457: The town of Hastings, not least the Town Hall. The building, a "large urban ... church with richly detailed exteriors and interiors", is situated between Robertson Street and Cambridge Road and has a split-level arrangement with part of the gallery occupying a flying freehold over the alleyway adjacent to the entrance on Robertson Street. The church is listed at Grade II for its architectural and historical importance. A declining congregation and
4148-661: The world. After Ryland showed Carey's letter to Henry Overton Wills , an anti-slavery campaigner in Bristol , he quickly gained support. Scottish ministers in the London area, David Bogue and James Steven, as well as other evangelicals such as John Hey, joined forces to organize a new society. Bogue wrote an influential appeal in the Evangelical Magazine for September 1794: Ye were once Pagans, living in cruel and abominable idolatry. The servants of Jesus came from other lands, and preached His Gospel among you. Hence your knowledge of salvation. And ought ye not, as an equitable compensation for their kindness, to send messengers to
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#17327726322624216-427: Was listed at Grade II by English Heritage on 20 January 2010; this defines it as a "nationally important" building of "special interest". The building is constructed of coursed ragstone with ashlar and probably terracotta dressings. The doors are made of Oak on both the Cambridge Road and Robertson Street aspects. The Robertson Street entrance has steps carved out of York Stone. A monumental staircase extends up from
4284-450: Was appointed superintendent of the London Missionary Society stations in South Africa where he fought for the rights of the indigenous people. 1821 – John Williams is the first recorded reverend of the Cook Islands Christian Church (CICC) in Arutanga, Aitutaki, Cook Islands. It is here that the missionary work was first established. In later years John Williams visited Rarotonga, taking with him two Tahitians he picked up from Tahiti. One of
4352-417: Was informed that men of their village have accepted the 'lotu' brought by Ioane Viliamu in Savai'i; not knowing John Williams now stood before them. A monument stands before the large Siona Chapel – now CCCAS in Leone, American Samoa – in honor of John Williams. In 1839, John Williams's missionary work whilst visiting the New Hebrides came to an abrupt end, when he was killed and eaten by cannibals on
4420-425: Was initially devastating to the Society. Gradually it recovered, however, and in 1807 was able to establish a mission in Guangzhou (Canton), China under Robert Morrison . Another missionary who served in China was John Kenneth Mackenzie. A native of Yarmouth in England, he served in Hankow and Tientsin . Starting in 1815, they hired Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir as a translator, to work on many texts including
4488-526: Was laid on the Cambridge Road side of the building and reads "This stone was laid by James Spicer Esq. J.P., of Woodford on September 11, 1884. Rev. Charles New, Minister. H. Ward Architect. John Howell & Son, builders. The new building was dedicated on 7 October 1885 in a service that was presided over by the Rev. C. New with a large number of both Congregationalist and local dignitaries present. Rev. New founded other Congregational chapels during his ministry. The present Sedlescombe United Reformed Church and
4556-407: Was largely Reformed in outlook, with Congregational missions in Oceania, Africa, and the Americas, although there were also Presbyterians (notable for their work in China), Methodists , Baptists , and various other Protestants involved. It now forms part of the Council for World Mission . In 1793, Edward Williams , then minister at Carr's Lane, Birmingham, wrote a letter to the churches of
4624-430: Was sent out to Russia to start a mission among the Buryat people of Siberia. The mission received the blessing of Alexander I of Russia , but was suppressed in 1840 under his successor Nicholas I . Alongside Stallybrass worked Cornelius Rahmn [ Wikidata ] of Sweden, William Swan and Robert Yuille of Scotland. In 1818, the Society was renamed The London Missionary Society . In 1822, John Philip
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