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58-473: The Rocky Hollow Log Ride was a log flume which took groups of 4 riders on a gentle four and a half-minute cruise through channels, in and out of buildings, before ascending the lift hill. The ride concluded with a 50 kilometres per hour (31 mph) drop causing all riders to become soaked. The ride opened on 15 December 1981, the opening day of Dreamworld. Rocky Hollow Log Ride was the last original opening day attraction of Dreamworld in its original form and

116-554: A log flume and a paddle steamer were introduced, being called the Rocky Hollow Log Ride and Captain Sturt Paddlewheeler respectively. The ride was one of the park's original attractions. Since its opening, the ride has been refurbished several times which includes the reconstruction of both drops. The ride was constructed in-house by Dreamworld with assistance from overseas engineers. Since opening,

174-540: A log pond or artificial reservoir serves this purpose. The head directs the flow of water into the top of the flume. Flume boxes are built tight with lumber free of knots to prevent leaks. Feeder troughs resupply water on long routes. Logging flumes were only needed in semi-arid regions without rivers or navigable streams. As a result, water rights were often difficult to secure. Often, flumes moved water from one drainage basin to another, with rights settled in court. Flume routes were surveyed by engineers using

232-734: A 2,250-newton-per-millimetre (12,800 lb f /in), 3,400-metre-long (3,700 yd) underground belt installed at Baodian Coal Mine, part of in Yanzhou Coal Mining Company , China , was reported to provide energy savings of over 15%. Whilst Shenhua Group , has installed several aramid conveyor belts, including a 4,400-newton-per-millimetre (25,000 lb f /in) belt with a length of 11,600 m (7.2 miles). Today there are different types of conveyor belts that have been created for conveying different kinds of material available in PVC and rubber materials. Material flowing over

290-404: A 31-kilometre-long (19 mi) conveyor feeding a 20-kilometre-long (12 mi) conveyor. Cable belt conveyors are a variation on the more conventional idler belt system. Instead of running on top of idlers, cable belt conveyors are supported by two endless steel cables (steel wire rope) which are in turn supported by idler pulley wheels. This system feeds bauxite through the difficult terrain of

348-473: A Louisiana-based company, registered the first patent for all plastic, modular belting. The belt consists of one or more layers of material. It is common for belts to have three layers: a top cover, a carcass and a bottom cover. The purpose of the carcass is to provide linear strength and shape. The carcass is often a woven or metal fabric having a warp & weft . The warp refers to longitudinal cords whose characteristics of resistance and elasticity define

406-420: A V-flume’s low grades and curves. Finally, box flumes could move an unprecedented amount of material, up to a maximum capacity of 300,000 board feet (710 m ), or three times as great as the maximum for a V-flume. Proper operation was ensured by "flume herders" who at various locations along the flume checked the flow of lumber and water. On longer flumes, flume herders lived in permanent flume houses along

464-484: A V-shaped flume. The greater weight of the water required a sturdier structure, especially heavier trestles. In 1867, James W. Haines first built the V-shaped log flumes that allowed a jammed log to free itself as the rising water level in the flume pushed it up. These efficient flumes consisted of two boards, 2 feet (0.61 m) wide and 16 feet (4.9 m) feet long, joined perpendicularly, and came in common use in

522-595: A cement factory at Chhatak Bangladesh . It is about 17 km (11 miles) long and conveys limestone and shale at 960 t/h (1,060 short tons per hour), from the quarry in India to the cement factory (7 km or 4.3 miles long in India and 10 km or 6.2 miles long in Bangladesh). The conveyor was engineered by AUMUND France and Larsen & Toubro. The conveyor is actuated by three synchronized drive units for

580-415: A circular section like a pipe. Like a troughed belt conveyor, a pipe conveyor also uses idler rollers. However, in this case, the idler frame completely surrounds the conveyor belt helping it to retain the pipe section while pushing it forward. In the case of travel paths requiring high angles and snake-like curvatures, a sandwich belt is used. The sandwich belt design enables materials carried to travel along

638-565: A conveyor is about to turn on. In the United States, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration has issued regulations for conveyor safety, as OSHA 1926.555. Some other systems used to safeguard the conveyor are belt sway switches, speed switches, belt rip switch, and emergency stops . The belt sway switch will stop the conveyor if the belt starts losing its alignment along the structure. The speed switch will stop

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696-480: A corner. These conveyor systems are commonly used in postal sorting offices and airport baggage handling systems . Belt conveyors are generally fairly similar in construction consisting of a metal frame with rollers at either end of a flat metal bed. Rubber conveyor belts are commonly used to convey items with irregular bottom surfaces, small items that would fall in between rollers (e.g. a sushi conveyor bar ), or bags of product that would sag between rollers. The belt

754-599: A half-million feet of lumber daily from the eastern Sierra Nevada to the Comstock Lode . The 15 miles (24 km) route was between Lake Tahoe and Reno , terminating at the Virginia and Truckee Railroad terminus in Washoe Valley . Soon, log flumes spread across the mountains of the western United States as artificial rivers that brought lumber to market. Log flumes need a steady supply of water. Often,

812-444: A mine to a refinery that converts the coal to diesel fuel. The third longest trough belt conveyor in the world is the 20-kilometre-long (12 mi) Curragh conveyor near Westfarmers, QLD, Australia. Conveyor Dynamics, Inc. supplied the basic engineering, control system and commissioning. Detail engineering and Construction was completed by Laing O'Rourke. The longest single-belt international conveyor runs from Meghalaya in India to

870-399: A path of high inclines up to 90-degree angles, enabling a vertical path as opposed to a horizontal one. This transport option is also powered by idlers. Other important components of the belt conveying system apart from the pulleys and idler rollers include the drive arrangement of reducer gear boxes, drive motors, and associated couplings. scrapers to clean the belt, chutes for controlling

928-677: A refurbishment of the ABC Kids World themed area and the Hot Wheels SideWinder roller coaster. The ride was the third major ride in the park to be closed since the Thunder River Rapids Ride accident. The ride, along with the former photo store, was completely demolished in May 2021. A small shed containing high voltage however still remains on site. The ride was Dreamworld’s last remaining water ride. At

986-406: A small series of stairs and cross to the centre of the station. The station is made up of four platforms in a two by two layout. The back two are for unloading guests while the front two are for loading guests. This station configuration allows a higher throughput and therefore capacity. Once boarded the four passenger logs, guests follow a short path towards a building. Concealed inside the building

1044-577: A total power of about 1.8 MW supplied by ABB (two drives at the head end in Bangladesh and one drive at the tail end in India). The conveyor belt was manufactured in 300-metre (980-foot) lengths on the Indian side and 300-metre (980-foot) lengths on the Bangladesh side. The idlers, or rollers, of the system are unique{{ }} in that they are designed to accommodate both horizontal and vertical curves along

1102-437: A troughed belt conveyor is used. The trough of the belt ensures that the flowable material is contained within the edges of the belt. The trough is achieved by keeping the idler rollers in an angle to the horizontal at the sides of the idler frame. A pipe conveyor is used for material travel paths that require sharper bends and inclines up to 35 degrees. A pipe conveyor features the edges of the belt being rolled together to form

1160-404: Is a short conveyor belt lift hill. A drop quickly follows with the log's splashdown occurring outside of the building. A slow boat ride then follows weaving between buildings and initially going under caves before the final drop is approached. A second conveyor belt takes riders up the final drop within a tunnel. Once at the top the log goes back out into the open before dropping a steady drop to

1218-611: Is considered a labor-saving system that allows large volumes to move rapidly through a process, allowing companies to ship or receive higher volumes with smaller storage space and with labor expense . Belt conveyors are the most commonly used powered conveyors because they are the most versatile and the least expensive. Products are conveyed directly on the belt so both regular and irregular shaped objects, large or small, light and heavy, can be transported successfully. Belt conveyors are also manufactured with curved sections that use tapered rollers and curved belting to convey products around

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1276-600: Is in the developing stages and will prove to be an efficient innovation. The longest belt conveyor system in the world is in Western Sahara . It was built in 1972 by Friedrich Krupp GmbH (now thyssenkrupp) and is 98 km (61 miles) long, from the phosphate mines of Bu Craa to the coast south of El-Aaiun . The longest conveyor system in an airport is the Dubai International Airport baggage handling system at 63 km (39 miles). It

1334-420: Is looped around each of the rollers and when one of the rollers is powered (by an electrical motor ) the belting slides across the solid metal frame bed, moving the product. In heavy use applications, the beds in which the belting is pulled over are replaced with rollers. The rollers allow weight to be conveyed as they reduce the amount of friction generated from the heavier loading on the belting. The exception to

1392-401: Is the carrying medium of a belt conveyor system (often shortened to belt conveyor). A belt conveyor system is one of many types of conveyor systems . A belt conveyor system consists of two or more pulleys (sometimes referred to as drums), with a closed loop of carrying medium—the conveyor belt—that rotates about them. One or both of the pulleys are powered, moving the belt and the material on

1450-410: The check-out counter to move shopping items, and may use checkout dividers in this process. Ski areas also use conveyor belts to transport skiers up the hill. Industrial and manufacturing applications for belt conveyors include package handling, trough belt conveyors, trash handling, bag handling, coding conveyors, and more. Integration of Human-Machine Interface(HMI) to operate the conveyor system

1508-484: The 19th century. In 1868, an English shipwright Joseph Thomas Parlour from Pimlico patented a grain elevator with a conveyor belt while Illinoisan Charles Denton of Ames Plow Co. patented a reaper with a belt "conveyer". By the 1880s conveyor belts were used in American elevators, sugarcane mills and sawmills , as well as British maltings . In 1892, Thomas Robins began a series of inventions which led to

1566-485: The B. F. Goodrich Company patented a Möbius strip conveyor belt, that it went on to produce as the "Turnover Conveyor Belt System". Incorporating a half-twist, it had the advantage over conventional belts of a longer life because it could expose all of its surface area to wear and tear. Such Möbius strip belts are no longer manufactured because untwisted modern belts can be made more durable by constructing them from several layers of different materials. In 1970, Intralox ,

1624-689: The Darling Ranges to the Worsley Alumina refinery. The second longest single trough belt conveyor is the 26.8-kilometre-long (16.7 mi) Impumelelo conveyor near Secunda, South Africa. It was designed by Conveyor Dynamics, Inc. based in Bellingham, Washington, USA and constructed by ELB Engineering based in Johannesburg South Africa. The conveyor transports 2,400 t/h (2,600 short tons per hour) coal from

1682-875: The French society REI created in New Caledonia the longest straight-belt conveyor in the world in that moment, at a length of 13.8 km (8.6 miles). Hyacynthe Marcel Bocchetti was the concept designer. . The longest conveyor belt is that of the Bou Craa phosphate mine in Western Sahara (1973, 98 km in 11 sections). The longest single-span conveyor belt is at the Boddington bauxite mine in Western Australia (31 km). In 1957,

1740-435: The Rocky Hollow Log Ride, alongside, Thunder River Rapids Ride , were the park’s most popular attractions, surpassing the popularity of Tower of Terror , The Giant Drop and Cyclone . The ride was closed in May 2004 for a refurbishment for one of the ride’s drops. Bob Seow Tan, Dreamworld's General Manager of Engineering & Technical confirmed that the first and smaller drop of the ride would be rebuilt due to corrosion on

1798-501: The Thunder River Rapids accident. The Rocky Hollow Log Ride was the first ever log flume to have roofs installed on them to prevent guests from standing up. In late 2019, the ride was closed for annual maintenance. A few months later on 8 February 2020, Dreamworld announced that the Rocky Hollow Log Ride would not return from scheduled maintenance and would be closed permanently. The news came alongside an announcement for

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1856-502: The availability of water. Many of the great flumes fell into disrepair and were salvaged for lumber. By 1984, only one lumber flume was operating in the United States. The Broughton Lumber flume was a nine-mile (14 km) V-flume that transported rough-sawn lumber from Willard, Washington to a finishing mill in Hood, just west of the town of Underwood . The flume closed down on December 19, 1986. Conveyor belt A conveyor belt

1914-760: The belt forward. The powered pulley is called the drive pulley while the unpowered pulley is called the idler pulley. There are two main industrial classes of belt conveyors; Those in general material handling such as those moving boxes along inside a factory and bulk material handling such as those used to transport large volumes of resources and agricultural materials, such as grain , salt , coal , ore , sand , overburden and more. Conveyors are durable and reliable components used in automated distribution and warehousing, as well as manufacturing and production facilities. In combination with computer-controlled pallet handling equipment this allows for more efficient retail , wholesale , and manufacturing distribution . It

1972-463: The belt may be weighed in transit using a beltweigher . Belts with regularly spaced partitions, known as elevator belts , are used for transporting loose materials up steep inclines. Belt Conveyors are used in self-unloading bulk freighters and in live bottom trucks. Belt conveyor technology is also used in conveyor transport such as moving sidewalks or escalators , as well as on many manufacturing assembly lines . Stores often have conveyor belts at

2030-618: The belt. Steel conveyor belts are used when high strength class is required. For example, the highest strength class conveyor belt installed is made of steel cords. This conveyor belt has a strength class of 10,000 N/mm (57,000 lb f /in) and it operates at Chuquicamata mine, in Chile . Polyester, nylon and cotton are popular with low strength classes. Aramid is used in the range 630–3,500 N/mm (3,600–20,000 lb f /in). The advantages of using aramid are energy savings, enhanced lifetimes and improved productivity. As an example,

2088-438: The craft. Passengers described the sensation like "rushing through space suspended between earth and sky". There are a variety of flume terminals. The kind of terminal depends on the materials the flume transports and its disposal at the end point of a flume. An elephant terminal splits from a central trunk into many forked branches. From there, logs are diverted into open branches by closing branches not in use. Logs collect at

2146-429: The development of a conveyor belt used for carrying coal, ores and other products. In 1901, Sandvik invented and started the production of steel conveyor belts. In 1905, Richard Sutcliffe invented the first conveyor belts for use in coal mines which revolutionized the mining industry. In 1913, Henry Ford introduced conveyor-belt assembly lines at Ford Motor Company 's Highland Park, Michigan factory. In 1972,

2204-456: The discharge direction, skirts for containing the discharge on the receiving belt, take up assembly for "tensioning" the belt, safety switches for personnel safety and technological structures like stringer, short post, drive frames, pulley frames make up the balance items to complete the belt conveying system. In certain applications, belt conveyors can also be used for static accumulation or cartons. Primitive conveyor belts have been in use since

2262-411: The end of the terminal in a loose pile. Other terminals shoot logs onto rollers that move them onto loading platforms. The water from the flume drives a waterwheel that drives the rollers. This arrangement works well with heavy railroad crossties or mining timbers. In the late 19th century, three rival California lumber companies built log flumes of unprecedented and nearly identical length. Each served

2320-579: The flume trough. An open front allowed water in for stability in the curves. A closed back allowed water to push the craft forward. Flat boards across the top created a platform for passengers and cargo. Top speed depended on the grade of the flume. Flume boats on the Sanger Lumber Company flume, the "fastest chute in the world", traveled at 40 miles per hour (64 km/h). Boats traveled over steep trestles and curves with precipitous drops on either side without brakes or other means to slow

2378-457: The incident. The ride was closed for two days before receiving the all clear from Worksafe Queensland inspectors. Log flume Flumes remained in widespread use through the early 20th century. The logging truck replaced both the logging railroad and the flume after WWII. Today, log flumes remain in the popular imagination as amusement park rides . J. W. Haines built the first successful lumber flume in 1859. The v-shaped trough brought

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2436-407: The lumber. Working on the flume was a dangerous job. Occupational fatality statistics are unavailable. But reports suggest that falls resulted in many injuries and deaths. Square lumber was often provided by a temporary, portable sawmill erected at the head of the flume. Other times, round timber trestles of 8 inches (20 cm) to 12 inches (30 cm) diameter were cut and finished from along

2494-531: The owners of Dreamworld in 2002, stated "the Thunder River Rapids and the Log Ride remain the most popular attractions in the park due to their large capacity and ride frequency". On 16 April 2016, 18 year-old Samson Sherrin stood up during the ride and fell out, sustaining serious injuries. He was run over by two other boats and he sustained hip, rib and ankle fractures, neck and head injuries and acute respiratory failure. He also suffered psychological trauma after

2552-411: The park which were constantly being inspected and tested, Rocky Hollow Log Ride remained dormant and was blocked off by a wall. The ride didn’t reopen until the start of 2018. During this closure, many of the tunnel sections were demolished due to safety concerns and bars were added to the logs (like a cage) to prevent guests from standing and falling out. The log ride was the last attraction to reopen post

2610-419: The ride. The ride reopened briefly in 21 May 2004. The ride’s second and tallest drop would also soon later be rebuilt. The Rocky Hollow Log Ride closed on 16 April 2016 due to an accident. It re-opened on 20 April 2016 having received the 'all clear' from independent and Worksafe Queensland inspectors. The ride was closed after the Thunder River Rapids Ride accident in 2016. Unlike other rides and attractions at

2668-576: The route. Some trestles achieved staggering heights to maintain a desirable grade. Three percent was ideal for a straight flume. Sometimes grades of up to 75 percent were used on short stretches. The steeper the grade the more gradual the curves had to be, or else lumber would jam or go over the sides. The maximum curve was 8 degrees. Early logging flumes were square wooden chutes known as box flumes. These were prone to jams that could cause damage and required constant maintenance. They were also costly to build. A square box carries much more water compared to

2726-462: The route. Light signals, and later telephone lines, enabled communication up and down the line. On occasion, despite it being exceedingly dangerous, flume herders and others would ride down the flume in small craft or boats, either for inspection or for thrills. Such rides were the precursor of the modern log-ride amusement park attractions . Every flume boat was one of a kind, but they shared common design characteristics. They were V-shaped to fit

2784-470: The running properties of the belt. The weft represents the whole set of transversal cables allowing to the belt specific resistance against cuts, tears and impacts and at the same time high flexibility. The most common carcass materials are steel , polyester , nylon , cotton and aramid (class of heat-resistant and strong synthetic fibers, with Twaron or Kevlar as brand names). The covers are usually various rubber or plastic compounds specified by use of

2842-760: The same methods as a railroad survey. However, flumes had several advantages to logging railroads in steep terrain. They could span gulches using much lighter trestles and they took up less space, fitting inside narrower canyons where there wasn’t room for a railroad. The main disadvantage of the light construction was they were damaged more easily by fire, floods, wind, and falling timber. But they could be repaired more cheaply. Flume sites were mostly in rough, undeveloped wilderness. Unlike railroad construction, this required lumber and supplies to be carried in by hand. Flume boxes and trestles were built onsite. Construction crews included six to eight workers. On trestles, four worked aloft continuously. One low man handled and sent up

2900-598: The same purpose: to link their logging operations in the Sierra Nevada to railroad shipping depots in the San Joaquin Valley . All three were purported to be "world's longest flume". However, some measurements may have been exaggerated or subject to inaccurate surveying methods. Contemporary attempts at confirmation are inconclusive. Logging trucks started to replace flumes in the 1910s. Trucks offered mobility, lower operating costs, and did not rely on

2958-416: The splashdown. A 180° bend follows before the ride returns to the station. Most cave sections had since been removed after the 2018 reopening of the ride. The Rocky Hollow Log Ride, alongside Thunder River Rapids Ride , were Dreamworld’s most popular rides. Despite more modern and thrilling attractions being opened over time, both rides were still the most popular rides at Dreamworld. Macquarie Leisure Trust,

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3016-461: The standard belt conveyor construction is the sandwich belt conveyor. The sandwich belt conveyor uses two conveyor belts, instead of one. These two conventional conveyor belts are positioned face to face, to firmly contain the items being carried in a "sandwich-like" hold. Belt conveyors can be used to transport products in a straight line or through changes in elevation or direction. For conveying bulk materials, over gentle slopes or gentle curvatures,

3074-470: The terrain. Dedicated vehicles were designed for the maintenance of the conveyor, which is always at a minimum height of 5 metres (16 ft) above the ground to avoid being flooded during monsoon periods. Conveyors used in industrial settings include tripping mechanisms such as trip cords along the length of the conveyor. This allows for workers to immediately shut down the conveyor when a problem arises. Warning alarms are included to notify employees that

3132-465: The third last original opening day attraction still operating, the surviving two are Vintage Car Adventure and Dreamworld Express . Throughout its 38-year life span, the ride has faced several closures, refurbishment and incidents. The Rocky Hollow Log Ride opened with Dreamworld on 15 December 1981. During the construction of Dreamworld, John Longhurst, Dreamworld’s creator, wanted the park to include rides that would satisfy all age groups. Shortly,

3190-400: The time of its closure, The Rocky Hollow Log Ride was one of the park’s nine family rides alongside Dreamworld Express , Escape from Madagascar , Gingy’s Glider, MAD Jungle Jam, Shockwave , Skadoosh Bumper Cars, Sky Voyager and Vintage Car Adventure . The ride reached a maximum speed of 50 kilometres per hour (31 mph) and had a drop height of 11.3 metres (37 ft). The ride’s layout

3248-406: The western United States during the late 19th century. Box flumes were not made obsolete. They continued to be built when a large volume of water was desired for a secondary use, such as irrigation. Box flumes were also more capable of handling materials uneven in size and weight simultaneously. Lumber, pulpwood , shingle bolts, and whole logs move at different speeds and were prone to double-up in

3306-402: Was approximately 500 metres (1,600 ft). The ride lasted for four minutes and twenty seconds per cycle. There were 12 log vehicles that could carry four guests each. Guests queue in an undercover area which is located alongside the station and splashdown area. Guests with a Ride Express virtual queuing device must enter via the ride's exit path. To access the station guests must walk up

3364-407: Was installed by Siemens and commissioned in 2008, and has a combination of traditional belt conveyors and tray conveyors. Boddington Bauxite Mine in Western Australia is officially recognized as having the world's longest single flight conveyor. Single flight means the load is not transferred, it is a single continuous system for the entire length. This conveyor is a cable belt conveyor system with

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