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28-580: Its headquarters is located in Zoucheng , Jining , Shandong . Its chairman is Mr. Zhang Xinwen. The company's parent and ultimate holding company is Yankuang Group Corporation Limited (a state-owned enterprise ). Yanzhou Coal is principally engaged in underground coal mining, preparation and processing, sales, and railway transportation of coal. The company is organized into three operating divisions: coal mining , coal railway transportation and methanol and electrical power . The coal mining segment

56-605: A gift economy based on favours. Later, as commerce developed, less permanent human relations were formed, depending more on transitory needs rather than enduring social desires . Customers are generally said to be the purchasers of goods and services, while clients are those who receive personalized advice and solutions. Although such distinctions have no contemporary semantic weight, agencies such as law firms , film studios , and health care providers tend to prefer client , while grocery stores , banks , and restaurants tend to prefer customer instead. The term client

84-495: A Six Sigma consultant from the United Kingdom, uses the following analogy to explain the difference: A supermarket's customer is the person buying milk at that supermarket; a not-customer buys milk from a competing supermarket, whereas a non-customer does not buy milk from supermarkets at all but rather "has milk delivered to the door in the traditional British way". Tennant also categorizes customers in another way that

112-425: A crucial part in the relationship between the demand and the supply. Some of the most important characteristics of any customer are that: any customer is never in a subordination line with any supplier; any customer has equal positions with the supplier within negotiations, and any customer can accept or reject any offer for a service or a product. Peter Drucker wrote, "They are all people who can say no, people who have

140-414: A customer and a supplier. Peter Drucker considers that there are no customers inside organizations. He wrote "Inside an organization, there are only cost centers. The only profit center is a customer whose check has not bounced." In addition, William Deming advises managers, in his 9th point, to "Break down barriers between departments. They must work as a team", which means that there have to be teamwork in

168-678: A regional rail network that links these mines with the national rail network . Yanzhou Coal's subsidiaries include Heze, Felix Resources, Yancoal , Shandong Yanmei Shipping Co., Ltd., Yanzhou Coal Yulin Power Chemical Co., Ltd., Zhongyan Trade Co., Ltd, Shanxi Neng Hua, Shanxi Tianchi and Shanxi Tianhao. During the year ended December 31, 2008, the Company sold 37.56 million tons of salable coal. The customers of Yanzhou Coal are mainly located in Eastern China, Southern China and

196-433: A seller develop customs that allow for regular, sustained commerce that allows the seller to develop statistical models to optimize production processes (which change the nature or form of goods or services) and supply chains (which change the location or formalize the changes of ownership or entitlement transactions). An "end customer" denotes the person at the end of a supply chain who ultimately purchases or utilised

224-497: Is a small group of staff and communicators. Usually very mobile, they exist to allow the commander to go forward in an operation, and command the key parts of it from a position where they can see the ground and influence their immediate subordinates. The main HQs (known as 'main') is less mobile and is involved in both the planning and execution of operations. There are a number of staff assembled here from various staff branches to advise

252-551: Is derived from Latin clients or care meaning "to incline" or "to bend", and is related to the emotive idea of closure . It is widely believed that people only change their habits when motivated by greed and fear . Winning a client is therefore a singular event, which is why professional specialists who deal with particular problems tend to attract long-term clients rather than regular customers. Unlike regular customers, who buy merely on price and value, long-term clients buy on experience and trust. Clients who habitually return to

280-436: Is employed outside the fields of marketing . While marketers, market regulation, and economists use the intermediate/ultimate categorization, the field of customer service more often categorizes customers into two classes: Before the introduction of the notion of an internal customer, external customers were, simply, customers. Quality-management writer Joseph M. Juran popularized the concept, introducing it in 1988 in

308-501: Is engaged in the underground mining, preparation and sales of coal. The coal railway transportation segment is engaged in the provision of railway transportation services. The methanol and electricity power segment is engaged in the production and sales of methanol and electrical power. The company operates six coal mines : Xinglongzhuang coal mine, Baodian coal mine, Nantun coal mine, Dongtan coal mine, Jining II coal mine (Jining II) and Jining III coal mine (Jining III), as well as

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336-481: Is in London . In Japanese budō martial arts such as karate , judo , aikido , kendo , etc., there is usually a headquarters for each organization or region. The Japanese word honbu (本部) is generally used for that, also outside Japan . Sometimes they refer to these headquarters as honbu dojo (本部道場) in which dojo (道場) is a facility provided for practicing discipline, the training ground. Sometimes honbu

364-746: Is not a consumer at all. The situation is somewhat complicated in that ultimate customers of so-called industrial goods and services (who are entities such as government bodies, manufacturers, and educational and medical institutions) either themselves use up the goods and services that they buy, or incorporate them into other finished products, and so are technically consumers, too. However, they are rarely called that, but are rather called industrial customers or business-to-business customers. Similarly, customers who buy services rather than goods are rarely called consumers. Six Sigma doctrine places (active) customers in opposition to two other classes of people: not- customers and non- customers: Geoff Tennant,

392-463: Is the entity at the top of a corporation that takes full responsibility for the overall success of the corporation, and ensures corporate governance . The corporate headquarters is a key element of a corporate structure and covers different corporate functions including strategic planning , corporate communications , tax , legal operations , marketing , finance , human resources , information technology , and procurement . This entity includes

420-562: Is written as ho m bu , the way it is pronounced, but the Hepburn transcription is honbu in which the 'n' is a syllabic n . Customers In sales , commerce , and economics , a customer (sometimes known as a client , buyer , or purchaser ) is the recipient of a good , service , product , or an idea , obtained from a seller , vendor , or supplier via a financial transaction or an exchange for money or some other valuable consideration . Early societies relied on

448-781: The Russian Orthodox Church is in Danilov Monastery , Moscow . The World Council of Churches , including Orthodox Churches, has its headquarters in Geneva , Switzerland . The headquarters of Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople is located in Istanbul , Turkey . The headquarters of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is located in Salt Lake City , Utah . The Anglican Communion Office

476-614: The chief executive officer (CEO) as a key person and their support staff such as the CEO office and other CEO-related functions; the "corporate policy making" functions, including all corporate functions necessary to steer the firm by defining and establishing corporate policies; the corporate services encompassing activities that combine or consolidate certain enterprise-wide needed support services, provided based upon specialized knowledge, best practices, and technology to serve internal (and sometimes external) customers and business partners; and

504-512: The corporate headquarters represents the entity at the center or the top of a corporation taking full responsibility for managing all business activities. In the United Kingdom , the term head office (or HO) is most commonly used for the headquarters of large corporations. The intended benefit of headquarters is to carry out purposeful regulatory capacity. The term is also used regarding military organizations . A headquarters

532-530: The East Asia such as Japan and South Korea. Yanzhou Coal reported Total CO2e emissions (Direct + Indirect) for 31 December 2020 at 9,883 Kt (+3,875/+64% y-o-y). Emissions have been growing strongly since 2018. Headquarters Headquarters (commonly referred to as HQ ) denotes the location where most or all of the important functions of an organization are coordinated. In the United States ,

560-425: The bidirectional interface between corporate headquarters and business units. A headquarters normally includes the leader of a business unit and their staff, as well as all functions to manage the business unit and operational activities. The head of the business unit is responsible for overall result of the business unit. A headquarters sometimes functions at the top of a regional unit, including all activities of

588-447: The choice to accept or reject what you offer." In opposition to the stated customer's characteristics, relationships between colleagues in a company are always based on subordination – direct or indirect. Company employees are obliged to follow the processes of their companies. Company employees do not have the authority to choose a unit/colleague to fulfill any task. Company employees are obliged to use an existing unit/colleague by using

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616-449: The commander, and to control the various aspects of planning and the conduct of discrete operations. A main HQ for a large formation will have a chief of staff (CoS) who coordinates the staff effort; in a smaller HQ this may be done by the second-in-command . The rear or logistic headquarters is some distance from the battle or front line in conventional operations. Its function is to ensure

644-459: The company's structure and approved processes, therefore these internal relationships are not considered as an option. Many authors in ITIL and Six Sigma methodologies define "internal customer" as an internal part of a company that uses the output of another part of a company as its input. But actually, this definition describes better a classical internal process rather than a relationship between

672-534: The fourth edition of his Quality Control Handbook ( Juran 1988 ). The idea has since gained wide acceptance in the literature on total quality management and service marketing; and many organizations as of 2016 recognize the customer satisfaction of internal customers as a precursor to, and a prerequisite for, external customer satisfaction, with authors such as Tansuhaj, Randall & McCullough 1991 regarding service organizations which design products for internal customer satisfaction as better able to satisfy

700-473: The goods or services. A client paying for construction work is often referred to as an "employer". In the 21st century, customers are generally categorized into two types: A customer may or may not also be a consumer , but the two notions are distinct. A customer purchases goods; a consumer uses them. An ultimate customer may be a consumer as well, but just as equally may have purchased items for someone else to consume. An intermediate customer

728-575: The logistical support to front line troops, which it does by organizing the delivery of combat supplies, materiel and equipment to where they are needed, and by organizing services such as combat medicine, equipment recovery, and repair. The headquarters of the Catholic Church is Vatican City . The World Headquarters of Jehovah's Witnesses is relocated in Warwick, New York , from its former location, Brooklyn , New York. The headquarters of

756-428: The needs of external customers. Research on the theory and practice of managing the internal customer continues as of 2016 in a variety of service-sector industries . Leading authors in management and marketing, like Peter Drucker , Philip Kotler , W. Edwards Deming , etc., have not used the term "internal customer" in their works. They consider the "customer" as a very specific role in society which represents

784-541: The various business units, taking full responsibility for overall profitability and success of this regional unit. Military headquarters take many forms, depending on the size and nature of the unit or formation they command. Typically, they are split into the forward, main and rear components, both within NATO nations, and those following the organization and doctrine of the former Soviet Union (see Isby, 1988). The forward or tactical headquarters, known as "tac" for short,

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