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34-430: Rogatec lies on the railway line from Grobelno (Slovenia) to Zabok (Croatia). Rogatec was first attested in written records in 1130 as Roas (and as Rohats in 1192, Rohatsch in 1234, Rohathes in 1254, and Rohats in 1363). The name is derived from *Rogatьcь , based on the common noun rog in the geographical sense of 'tall rocky prominence' with possible extension to a hill, mountain, or creek associated with such

68-572: A German weapons depot in Rogatec. Rogatec is the site of nine known mass graves associated with the Second World War. The Kutner Ravine Mass Grave ( Slovene : Grobišče Kutnerjev greben ) is located east of the town, between a ravine and a road, about 250 meters (820 ft) from the Križan house in the hamlet of Ceste. It contains the remains of Hungarians and Ukrainians that were taken to

102-455: A firing trench by German troops, where they were murdered. The Parking Lot Mass Grave ( Grobišče na parkirišču ) lies in the parking lot opposite the gas station in Rogatec south of the railroad tracks. It contains the remains of two prisoners of war that were bound, led to a willow, and shot by a Partisan on a horse in May 1945. The Rehar Corner Mass Grave ( Grobišče Reharjev kot ) is located in

136-486: A geographical feature. The German name of the settlement was Rohitsch. This and the early transcriptions of the name with h are direct evidence that the Slovene phonological change *g > γ once extended all the way to eastern Styria. The history of Rogatec reaches back to the early Middle Ages. At the beginning of the 11th century it was one of the administrative centers of the estates of Friesach-Zeltschach. After

170-528: A legend recorded by Ludwig Bechstein , this shrine was once a giant’s spoon, and it is therefore known as the Riesenlöffel . Chapel-shrines, built to resemble a small building, are common in Slovenia. They are generally too small to accommodate people and often have only a niche (occasionally, a small altar) to display a depiction of a saint. The main two varieties generally distinguished in Slovenia are

204-433: A meadow 4 meters (13 ft) from a large walnut tree at the end of Counts of Celje Street ( Poti Celjskih grofov ). It contains the remains of four young men that were led to the site and shot on the night of 19 May 1945 and left lying in the meadow. The Strmol Mass Grave ( Grobišče za Strmolom ) lies about 110 meters (360 ft) above Strmol Mansion. It contains the remains of a group of prisoners that were taken from

238-545: A pole or a pillar, made either of wood or of masonry, and is sometimes capped with a roof. The Austrian/south German designation Marterl hearkens back to the Greek martyros 'martyr'. In a setting resembling a tabernacle , there is usually a picture or a figure of Christ or a saint. For this reason, flowers or prayer candles are often placed on or at the foot of the shrine. In Germany, they are most common in Franconia , in

272-580: A road or pathway, sometimes in a settlement or at a crossroads, but often in the middle of an empty stretch of country road, or at the top of a hill or mountain. They have been a feature of many cultures, including Chinese folk religious communities, Catholic and Orthodox Europe and some Asian regions. Wayside shrines were often erected to honor the memory of the victim of an accident, which explains their prevalence near roads and paths; in Carinthia , for example, they often stand at crossroads. Some commemorate

306-588: A small kneeling platform, so that the faithful may pray in front of the image. A common wayside shrine seen throughout the Alpine regions of Europe, especially Germany, Austria and northern Italy, is the Alpine style crucifix wayside shrine. This style often has elaborate wood carvings and usually consists of a crucifix surrounded by a roof and shelter. A column shrine ( German : Bildstock , also Marterl , Helgenstöckli , or Wegstock ; Slovene : slopno znamenje ; Lithuanian : koplytstulpis ) normally resembles

340-653: A specific dead person is commemorated, but most do not. Wayside shrines were also erected along old pilgrim routes, such as the Via Sacra that leads from Vienna to Mariazell . Some mark parish or other boundaries, such as the edge or a landholding, or have a function as convenient markers for travelers to find their way. Shrines and calvaries are furthermore frequently noted on maps and therefore represent important orientation aids. The pre-Christian cultures of Europe had similar shrines of various types; many runestones may have been in this category, though they are often in

374-413: A specific incident near the place; either a death in an accident or escape from harm. Other icons commemorate the victims of the plague . The very grand medieval English Eleanor crosses were erected by her husband to commemorate the nightly resting places of the journey made by the body of Queen Eleanor of Castile as it returned to London in the 1290s. Some make it clear by an inscription or notice that

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408-622: Is 27 June. Hemma is venerated as a saint by both the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church , and as patroness of the current Austrian state of Carinthia . Little is known about Hemma's descent; she was probably born between 995 and 1000 (other sources mention 980 AD), her ancestors were related to the Bavarian Luitpoldings and thus to Emperor Henry II . Her grandmother Imma ( Emma )

442-414: Is described by Vinayak Bharne as a faithscape , a human landscape defined by the role of religion in the public sphere. The majority of these shrines are Hindu, and their public nature and rootedness to place leads them to be described as key expressions of working-class religiosity. Wayside shrines provide meeting points for the micro-communities who partake in religious practice as well as maintenance of

476-753: Is the patron saint of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Gurk and her intercession is sought for childbirth and diseases of the eye. She is venerated not only in Carinthia (the Austrian state coterminous with the Diocese of Gurk), but also in neighboring Styria (another Austrian state) and Slovenia . From about 300 years ago, the pious and those seeking assistance have been coming to her tomb in Gurk Cathedral, travelling from Carniola over

510-609: The Counts of Celje )—and from 1456 onward to the Habsburgs . Rogatec was first mentioned as having market rights in 1283, and was mentioned as a town in 1377 and 1466 due to its walls, although it never officially held this status because its population was not large enough. Rogatec was burned three times between 1470 and 1486. A 1487 attack by the Hungarians devastated the settlement, leaving it in ruins and nearly deserted. Rogatec

544-580: The Eifel in particular, shrines that consist of a pillar with a niche for a depiction of a saint are known as Schöpflöffel ( German for 'ladle' or 'serving spoon'). Some of these icons date from the Late Middle Ages , but for the most part were put up in the 16th century. Near Arnstadt in Thuringia , there is a medieval shrine that is over two metres tall and that has two niches. According to

578-496: The Loibl Pass . This pilgrimage took place every year on the fourth Sunday after Easter , but fell out of use as a result of the political circumstances of the 20th century. In recent years, however, the routes of pilgrimage from Slovenia and Styria to Gurk have gradually reopened and are becoming increasingly used. Wayside shrine A wayside shrine is a religious image, usually in some sort of small shelter, placed by

612-923: The Catholic parts of Baden , Swabia , in the Alpine regions and Catholic areas of the historical region of Eichsfeld and in Upper Lusatia . In Austria, they are to be found in the Alpine regions, as well as in great numbers in the Weinviertel , the Mühlviertel and in the Waldviertel . There are also similar structures in the South Bohemian Region and the South Moravian Region . In Czech, column shrines are traditionally called "boží muka" (= divine sufferings). In

646-570: The death of Hemma of Gurk in 1045, the estate she held in Rogatec passed to the ownership of Gurk Abbey in Carinthia , and then to the Bishopric of Gurk in 1072. Rogatec was mentioned in Wolfram von Eschenbach 's early 13th-century German romance Parzival : Ûz Zilje ich für den Rôhas reit (From Celje, I rode to Rogatec; IX:498.21). Rogatec was a feudal possession belonging in turn to several noble families—Traungau, Rohitsch, and Žovnek (later

680-501: The deposed duke Adalbero of Carinthia in revenge. Hemma became wealthy through inheritance upon the death of her husband and sons. Countess Hemma used her great wealth for the benefit of the poor and was already venerated as a saint during her lifetime. In addition, she founded ten churches throughout present-day Carinthia , Austria . In 1043 she founded the Benedictine double monastery of Gurk Abbey , where she withdrew during

714-601: The last years of her life. After her death, Gurk Abbey was dissolved by the Archbishop of Salzburg , Gebhard , who instead used the funds to set up the Diocese of Gurk-Klagenfurt in 1072. Admont Abbey , another Benedictine foundation in Austria, was founded in 1074 by the same Gebhard, and also owes its existence to Hemma's wealth. Since 1174 Hemma's relics have been buried in the crypt of Gurk Cathedral . Saint Hemma

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748-506: The mansion after the war and murdered. The Strmol Park 1 and 2 graves ( Grobišče v parku Strmol 1, 2 ) are located in the park below Strmol Mansion near a large chestnut tree. They contain the remains of two Yugoslav officers, a father and son, that were shot and buried here at the beginning of 1941. The Saint Bartholomew Mass Grave ( Grobišče pri sv. Jerneju ) lies inside the northwest wall around Saint Bartholomew's church. The remains of three people were discovered during excavation work at

782-561: The nature of a memorial to a dead person. Few Christian shrines survive in predominantly Protestant countries, but they remain common in many parts of Catholic and Orthodox Europe, often being repaired or replaced as they fall into disrepair, and relocated as roads are moved or widened. The most common subjects are a plain cross or a crucifix , or an image of the Virgin Mary , but saints or other scenes may also be shown. The surviving large stone high crosses of Celtic Christianity , and

816-465: The objects. Their presence within an increasingly urban environment creates a "parallel urbanism" which refutes secular notions of religion ebbing away as a society becomes more developed. Wayside shrines are found in a variety of styles, ranging from simpler column shrines and Schöpflöffel shrines to more elaborate chapel-shrines. Some have only flat painted surfaces, while other shrines are decorated with reliefs or with religious statues. Some feature

850-441: The open chapel-shrine ( Slovene : kapelica odprtega tipa, odprti tip kapelice ), which has no doors, and the closed chapel-shrine ( kapelica zaprtega tipa, zaprti tip kapelice ), which has a door. The closed chapel-shrine is the older form, with examples known from the 17th century onward. The earliest open chapel-shrines date from the 19th century. Also known in Slovenia are the belfry chapel-shrine ( kapelica - zvonik ) and

884-735: The related stone Anglo-Saxon crosses (mostly damaged or destroyed after the Protestant Reformation ) are sometimes outside churches, but often not, and these may have functioned as preaching crosses , or in some cases just been wayside shrines. The calvaires of Brittany in France, are especially large stone shrines showing the Crucifixion , but these are typically in villages. In Greece they may be called kandilakia (Greek: καντηλάκια) or εικονοστάσιο στην άκρη του δρόμου ( ikonostásio stin akri tu drómu , literally "shrine at

918-432: The remains of 12 prisoners of war that were shot in May 1945. The parish church in the town is dedicated to Saint Bartholomew ( Slovene : sveti Jernej ) and belongs to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Celje . It was first mentioned in written documents dating to 1363, but the current building was built between 1738 and 1743. A second church in the northern part of the town is dedicated to Saint Hyacintha Mariscotti and

952-548: The roadside"). They are commonly built in the memory of a fatal car accident and usually include a photograph of the victim(s), their namesake Saint and sometimes personal items. They may also be built from car accident survivors thanking the saint who protected them. Poland is one of the few European countries where the custom of singing Maytime hymns, majówki , at wayside shrines still survives. Wayside shrines exist throughout India alongside other features of public faith, including lingams , ghats , and kunds. This creates what

986-487: The site. The Špurn Chapel-Shrine Mass Grave ( Grobišče Špurnova kapela ) is located behind the hill above the town cemetery near a chapel-shrine . It contains the remains of several people, including two young men captured near the Sotla River and an Austrian soldier shot in May 1945. The Saint Hyacintha Mass Grave ( Grobišče pri sv. Hiacinti ) lies in a ravine behind Saint Hyacintha Mariscotti's Church. It contains

1020-427: Was a pillory in the middle of the square. Most of the buildings in the historic center of the settlement were rebuilt in the 19th century, but they preserved the layout and height of the older structures. After the invasion of Yugoslavia , the occupying forces exiled about 30 families from Rogatec, mostly intellectuals, to Croatia and Serbia . On the night of 29 March 1944, there was a successful Partisan raid on

1054-699: Was brought up at the Imperial court in Bamberg by Empress Saint Cunigunde . Hemma married the Carinthian count William II of Friesach , mentioned as margrave an der Sann in 1016, by whom she had two sons, Hartwig and William. Her husband had received vast estates on the Savinja ( Sann ) river from the hands of the Emperor. Both her sons and her husband were murdered, Margrave William II probably in 1036 by

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1088-537: Was built in the 1730s. Notable people that were born or lived in Rogatec include: Hemma of Gurk Hemma of Gurk ( German : Hemma von Gurk ; c.  995 – 27 June 1045), also called Emma of Gurk ( Slovene : Ema Krška ), was a noblewoman and founder of several churches and monasteries in the Duchy of Carinthia . Buried at Gurk Cathedral since 1174, she was beatified on 21 November 1287 and canonised on 5 January 1938 by Pope Pius XI . Her feast day

1122-417: Was exposed Ottoman attack in the 16th century. Peasants were forced to repair the fortifications in 1530, and in 1551 an infantry company was stationed there. In 1550, Rogatec received the right to hold a fair every Wednesday, as well as three annual fairs. By 1789 this had grown to nine fairs per year. The market square burned twice during the 18th century. The town gates were still standing in 1782, and there

1156-539: Was vested with market and minting rights at her estates in Lieding (today part of Straßburg ) by Emperor Otto II in 975. The bestowal raised objections by the Archbishop of Salzburg and the privileges were later transferred to Gurk, Carinthia . According to her hagiography , Hemma was a member of a noble dynasty descending from Pilštanj ( Peilenstein ) in the Mark an der Sann (in present-day Slovenian Styria ) and

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