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19-719: The Rokel rises in the 900 metres (3,000 ft) high interior plateau of the Loma Mountains , in the Guinea Highlands of north central Sierra Leone, flows southwest about 240 miles (390 km) through hill ranges and, together with a smaller, parallel stream called Port Loko Creek , feeds into the Rokel estuary before entering the Atlantic Ocean . The estuary, after it joins the Bankasoka River ,

38-476: A maximum height of 87 metres (285 ft), a length of 400 metres (1,300 ft) at the crest and a volume of 2,500,000 cubic metres (88,000,000 cu ft). The volume of the reservoir created is 410,000,000 cubic metres (1.4 × 10  cu ft), 428,000,000 cubic metres (1.51 × 10  cu ft) or 480,000,000 cubic metres (1.7 × 10  cu ft). There are two Francis turbines , each rated for 25 megawatts (34,000 hp). After completion,

57-534: Is a concrete-face rock-fill dam on the Seli River near Bumbuna in Tonkolili District , Sierra Leone , and 350 kilometres (220 mi) from the capital of Freetown , the main consumer. The country's first hydroelectric dam, it supports a 50-megawatt (67,000 hp) power station. The site for the dam at Bumbuna Falls was first identified in 1971, and construction was begun in 1975. Work

76-526: Is also called the Sierra Leone River , is 25 miles (40 km) in length and has a width of 4–10 miles (6.4–16.1 km). Freetown and Pepel are the two ports located on the shores of the estuary. As the estuary widens and joins the Atlantic its width is about 11 km (6.8 mi). The southern shore is the deepest and forms a natural harbour, which is reported to be the third largest in

95-532: The Bunce River on one of its banks, and the Tagrin Point where areas of the Rokel joins at the southern end of its mouth. The Rokel river flow has been measured at three gauge stations. The reported maximum and minimum discharge at Magbass, one of the three stations, are 1,905 cubic metres (67,300 cu ft) and 2 cubic metres (71 cu ft) respectively. There are many projects developed in

114-630: The Gbengbe and Kabal hills on the west. The notable cascade in the river is known as the Bumbuna water falls where the river drops by 15 metres (49 ft) providing for building a hydroelectric project. John MacCormac , an Irish businessman, settled on Timbo Island in 1816 and started exporting African Oak from the Rokel River. The trade was quite substantial for a while but eventually went into decline. Iron ore and alluvial gold mining began in

133-522: The entrance to the Sierra Leone River, about 25 miles (40 km) from the port of Pepel. Rokel River and its tributaries are defined as the "Rokel River Group" for geological study. The geological formation in this group is reported to be of the Tabe formation with glacial sediments dominating its eastern edge and are exposed along the river in some stretches; the geological formation noted in

152-470: The highest mountain range in Sierra Leone . The highest peak is Mount Bintumani which rises to a height of 1,945 metres (6,381 ft). The area has been designated a non-hunting forest reserve since 1952. The reserve covers an area of 33,201 hectares. The vegetation is characterised by Guinea–Congo lowland forest, with montane evergreen forest up to 1,680 m, and montane grassland on

171-520: The late 1920s and early 1930s, while the Bumbuna Falls hydroelectric project is underway. The Yalunka people established their capital, Falaba , near the source of the Rokel. The estuary, which extends over an area of 2,950 square kilometres (1,140 sq mi), was listed as Ramsar site of wetland importance in 1999. The site is bounded by Cape Point on the western side of the Freetown, by

190-442: The plateau of the massif. At lower elevations, gallery forest and wooded savanna occur. There are also a few villages and areas of farmland.The reserve has been designated an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports significant populations of many bird species. This Sierra Leone location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Bumbuna Dam The Bumbuna Dam

209-404: The project has been plagued with problems, and barely produces 10 megawatts (13,000 hp) or 25 megawatts (34,000 hp) as of 2013. A second phase is planned, for a 110-megawatt (150,000 hp) power station. In June 2011, the government announced it had awarded the $ 750 million Phase II project to Joule Africa, a UK-based company. This will entail a second dam and plant. Construction

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228-429: The purpose of mining caused extensive erosion of the hills and consequent sedimentation of the river and its tributaries. The Bumbuna Dam has been developed on the river by building a 93 metres (305 ft) high dam in the narrow reach of the river, which has created a lake that stretches 30 kilometres (19 mi) upstream. The Magbass Irrigation Project was implemented downstream of the dam. The project implementation

247-450: The river basin which derive their water supply requirements from this river. The iron ore mining at Marampa is dependent on pumped water supply from the river. A Rokel River Water Rights Agreement (Ratification) Act was signed with the developers of the mines; the mines are in operation since 1933 to 1975 by Sierra Leone Development Company (DELCO) and Astro Minerals from 1983. The water agreement provides “exclusive and preferential rights to

266-535: The river is granite rocks. The formation is broadly categorized as folded sedimentary rocks. It is also reported that its orogeny belongs to the Pan African thermo-tectonic age of about 550 Ma. Geologically it is a tectonically controlled basin with formations of Precambrian , Infra-Cambrian and Pleistocene age. The river is hemmed between the Sula Mountains on the southeast and the grantoid hills of

285-411: The use of the Rokel waters by special agreement” for a period of 89 years from 1 January 1938. The environmental impacts on the downstream users and disposal of tailings from the mining operations have not been addressed. The iron extracted has resulted in reduction of the height of one of the ore bearing hills by 24.4 metres (80 ft). Gold mining in the Sula Mountains and in the Rokel river sediments

304-596: The world. Mangrove swamps and the mud flats are the dominant ecosystem (accounting for 19% of the mangrove forest in the country) noted around the river's ria . The river basin measures 10,622 square kilometres (4,101 sq mi) in size, with the drainage divided by the Gbengbe and Kabala hills and the Sula Mountains. The Rokel drops 15 metres (49 ft) at the Bumbuna waterfalls. Mangrove species recorded are Rhizophora , Avicennia , Laguncularia , and Conocarpus , which cover an area of 34.23 hectares (84.6 acres). Sierra Leone's capital city of Freetown lies at

323-403: Was an extensive operation undertaken since 1929 in the river and its tributaries after gold was found in the mountains. Steam sediment studies were carried out for assessing the mineral concentration of arsenic. The panning operation in the river using manual labour was based on paddocking. This alluvial gold mining operation has been described as environmentally destructive as forest denudation for

342-674: Was assisted by China for sugarcane cultivation. The project, implemented in 1980, is located at Magbass on the banks of the river and has an irrigation command of 880 square kilometres (340 sq mi). The flora in the estuary consists of mangrove forest. The avifauna in the area consists of 10,000 birds of 36 species (1995 record). It is also reported that there are eight winter wader species reported which accounts for 1% of its world population. The eight species of palaearctic migrant waders recorded are: 8°33′N 12°48′W  /  8.55°N 12.80°W  / 8.55; -12.80 Loma Mountains The Loma Mountains are

361-651: Was halted in May 1997, about 85% completed, due to the Sierra Leone Civil War , and did not restart until 2005. The project was completed and went online in 2009. Nearly a third of the dam's US$ 327 million cost ($ 103 million) was supplied by the African Development Bank . A 26 January 2005 report noted that 33 villages would be affected by the dam, although only one (of 16 households and 135 people) would require resettlement. The dam has

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