The United States National Library of Medicine ( NLM ), operated by the United States federal government , is the world's largest medical library .
15-620: Pirenzepine ( Gastrozepin ), an M 1 selective antagonist, is used in the treatment of peptic ulcers , as it reduces gastric acid secretion and reduces muscle spasm . It is in a class of drugs known as muscarinic receptor antagonists ; acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system which initiates the rest-and-digest state (as opposed to fight-or-flight), resulting in an increase in gastric motility and digestion; whereas pirenzepine would inhibit these actions and cause decreased gastric motility leading to delayed gastric emptying and constipation. It has no effects on
30-697: A signalling pathway. A receptor so bound would not be susceptible to CTX or PTX . However, G i (causing a downstream decrease in cAMP ) and G s (causing an increase in cAMP) have also been shown to be involved in interactions in certain tissues, and so would be susceptible to PTX and CTX respectively. A structural but not sequential homolog of the human M1 receptor has been reported in Acanthamoeba castellanii and Naegleria fowleri . Antagonists of human M1 receptors (e.g. atropine , diphenhydramine ) have been shown to exert anti-proliferative effects on these pathogens. It couples to G q , and, to
45-594: A small extent, G i and G s . This results in slow EPSP and decreased K conductance. It is preassembled to the G q heterotrimer through a polybasic c-terminal domain . This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine , which is in the public domain . United States National Library of Medicine Located in Bethesda, Maryland , the NLM
60-567: Is an institute within the National Institutes of Health . Its collections include more than seven million books , journals , technical reports , manuscripts , microfilms , photographs , and images on medicine and related sciences, including some of the world's oldest and rarest works. The current acting director of the NLM is Stephen Sherry . The precursor of the National Library of Medicine, established in 1836,
75-669: The Household Products Database . These resources are accessible without charge on the internet. The United States National Library of Medicine Radiation Emergency Management System provides: Radiation Emergency Management System is produced by the United States Department of Health and Human Services , Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, Office of Planning and Emergency Operations, in cooperation with
90-681: The National Library of Medicine , Division of Specialized Information Services, with subject matter experts from the National Cancer Institute , the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , and many U.S. and international consultants. The Extramural Division provides grants to support research in medical information science and to support planning and development of computer and communications systems in medical institutions. Research, publications, and exhibitions on
105-568: The cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 1 , is a muscarinic receptor that in humans is encoded by the CHRM1 gene . It is localized to 11q13. This receptor is found mediating slow EPSP at the ganglion in the postganglionic nerve, is common in exocrine glands and in the CNS. It is predominantly found bound to G proteins of class G q that use upregulation of phospholipase C and, therefore, inositol trisphosphate and intracellular calcium as
120-743: The 1960s and 1.5 million references going back to the 1950s. The National Library of Medicine runs the National Center for Biotechnology Information , which houses biological databases (PubMed among them) that are freely accessible on the Internet through the Entrez search engine and Lister Hill National Center For Biomedical Communications . As the United States National Release Center for SNOMED CT , NLM provides SNOMED CT data and resources to licensees of
135-516: The NLM UMLS Metathesaurus. NLM maintains ClinicalTrials.gov registry for human interventional and observational studies. Additionally NLM runs ChemIDplus, which is a chemical database of over 400,000 chemicals complete with names, synonyms, and structures . It includes links to NLM and other databases and resources, including links to federal, state and international agencies. The Toxicology and Environmental Health Program
150-533: The brain and spinal cord as it cannot diffuse through the blood–brain barrier . Pirenzepine has been investigated for use in myopia control. It promotes the homodimerization or oligomerisation of M 1 receptors . Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 5CXV 1128 12669 ENSG00000168539 ENSMUSG00000032773 P11229 P12657 NM_000738 NM_001112697 NM_007698 NP_000729 NP_001106167 NP_031724 The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M 1 , also known as
165-665: The campus of the National Institutes of Health, in 1962. Directors from 1945 to present Since 1879, the National Library of Medicine has published the Index Medicus , a monthly guide to articles, in nearly five thousand selected journals. The last issue of Index Medicus was printed in December 2004, but this information is offered in the freely accessible PubMed , among the more than fifteen million MEDLINE journal article references and abstracts going back to
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#1732779913615180-714: The history of medicine and the life sciences also are supported by the History of Medicine Division. In April 2008 the current exhibition Against the Odds: Making a Difference in Global Health was launched. National Center for Biotechnology Information is an intramural division within National Library of Medicine that creates public databases in molecular biology, conducts research in computational biology , develops software tools for analyzing molecular and genomic data, and disseminates biomedical information, all for
195-535: Was established at the National Library of Medicine in 1967 and is charged with developing computer databases compiled from the medical literature and from the files of governmental and nongovernmental organizations. The program has implemented several information systems for chemical emergency response and public education, such as the Toxicology Data Network , TOXMAP , Tox Town , Wireless Information System for Emergency Responders , Toxmystery, and
210-602: Was stopped, following the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln . In 1956, the library collection was transferred from the control of the U.S. Department of Defense to the Public Health Service of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare and renamed the National Library of Medicine, through the instrumentality of Frank Bradway Rogers , who was the director from 1956 to 1963. The library moved to its current quarters in Bethesda, Maryland , on
225-936: Was the Library of the Surgeon General's Office , a part of the office of the Surgeon General of the United States Army . The Armed Forces Institute of Pathology and its Medical Museum were founded in 1862 as the Army Medical Museum . Throughout their history the Library of the Surgeon General's Office and the Army Medical Museum often shared quarters. From 1866 to 1887, they were housed in Ford's Theatre after production there
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