The New York and Honduras Rosario Mining Company (NYHRMC), known as Rosario Mining Company , was an American -owned corporation that owned and operated the Rosario mine , a gold and silver producer in central Honduras and Nicaragua .
51-687: The President of Honduras, Marco Aurelio Soto , offered companies that invested in the mine in San Juancinto a 20-year exemption from all taxes. In 1880, Julius Valentine, of New York City founded the New York and Honduras Rosario Mining Company, exchanging 50% of the Company's stock for the mining rights of the El Rosario deposits at San Juancito which were owned by Soto. Washington S. Valentine, son of Julius took over his father's post and became
102-559: A few hundred to more than 40,000. Trees were chopped down to provide lumber for houses and offices and to reinforce mine shafts. The mine had the following veins: South San Miguel, North San Miguel-Concepcion, Rosario, San Joaquin, Candelaria, Guadalupe Vein, West Vein, South West Vein, Jucuara Vein, Colonia Vein, Nueva Vein Socorro Vein, San Vicente Vein, Capitana Vein, Culebra Vein, Crisanta Vein, Buena Ventura, Northwest, Catalina, North, Los Cedros. During its 74 years of operation,
153-405: A lawyer. As a very young man he began to draw attention for his literary and political articles, the latter inspired by the principles proclaimed by the revolution of 1871, which he supported. General Justo Rufino Barrios appointed Soto to the duties of a Sub-secretary of State, where he revealed remarkable talent. Shortly after the minister himself was relieved of office, Soto stayed in charge of
204-676: A mission which he completed successfully, and signed the Soto-Ulloa Treaty in Santa Ana on 8 May. Marco Aurelio Soto ruled Honduras in different periods. In 1876 he served as interim president. In 1877 he was constitutional president, a period that lasted until 1883 after his re-election. During his administration and with the assistance of his cousin Ramón Rosa , Soto launched liberal reforms. These reforms included administrative, political, economic and social attempts to alleviate
255-476: A net profit of $ 217,289.78. On August 24, 1916 the stockholders of the New York & Honduras Rosario Mining Company voted to increase the board from nine to eleven. One of the new vacancies was filled by H. A. Guess, Managing Director of the mining department of the American Smelting & Refining Company , owned by Daniel Guggenheim . He has been identified with that company for fifteen years, and
306-690: A new company, the Neptune Gold Mining Company, organized under the laws of the State of Delaware, with a capital stock of 20,000 shares of no par value. Its officers were: Harry A. Guess, President; William A. Prendergast, Vice-President; Forrest G. Hamrick, Vice-President; John C. Emison, Treasurer; Edwin C. Corson, Assistant Treasurer; George A. Brockington, Secretary; Howard L. Goodenough, Assistant Secretary. Its Directors were Harry A. Guess, William A. Prendergast, Forrest G. Hamrick, Clyde M. Spargo, and Richard F. Goodwin. On July 10, 1940,
357-603: A small new startup mine, El Mochito, in Honduras. From these limited resources, Reininger built Rosario into a powerful and diversified mining and oil company, with interests stretching out to North America, South America, and the North Sea. Under Reininger's leadership, El Mochito, with its rich ore and spectacular wire silver, soon became Central America's largest precious and base metals producer. Out of El Mochito's profits, Rosario made successful investments in new projects in
408-485: A takeover fight, Reininger negotiated highly rewarding terms for the merger of the company into AMAX in April 1980. AMAX Inc. acquired Rosario Resources Corporation for $ 465 million. The Company independent life ended. In 1993, AMAX was merged with Cyprus Minerals Company to create Cyprus Amax Resources. The mountains around Tegucigalpa were largely known to contain gold and silver deposits since Spanish settlement in
459-591: The Pancyprian Federation of Labour and the Turkish Cypriot trade unions. After extending the initial five-day strike, the union asked for government intervention. The government declared that they could not start an inquiry since wages were not substandard. As of 1955, the company's copper mines on Cyprus had become the island's largest industry, exporting nearly a million tons of copper a year. Mudd's copper mines on Cyprus supported 2,000 of
510-467: The Republic of Cyprus . Over 30 copper deposits, ranging in size from 50,000 to over 20,000,000 tonnes, with grades from 0.3 to 4.5 percent copper have been discovered with most of the mining activity been centered on the following districts: A few isolated deposits have also been found at Troulli Mine ( Larnaca ), Mangaleni ( Limassol ), Peravasa (Limassol) and Vretchia ( Paphos ). As in most mines,
561-710: The Sierrita copper and molybdenum mine near Tucson, Arizona . In July 1988, Cyprus Minerals bought the Inspiration mine and smelting complex in Miami, Arizona . With the expiry of an agreement to purchase electricity at a favorable rate from the Salt River Project , Cyprus Minerals installed an ISASMELT furnace in its copper smelter. This was the first large-scale installation of the ISASMELT process, which
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#1732773400680612-524: The Skouriotissa area after reading in ancient books that the island was rich in copper and noticing promising ancient Roman slag heaps in the area. The company was established in 1916 by Colonel Seeley W. Mudd , his son, Harvey Seeley Mudd , and mining engineer/business partner, Philip Wiseman, whose family, along with the Mudds, were the primary owners of Cyprus Mines until the early 1970s when it
663-466: The tailings , waste left over from processing ore, are a problem, although in Cyprus' case they were also a boon. The discovery and analysis of copper tailings left on Cyprus by Romans had been important factors in the founding of the company and the modern economic development of Cyprus. As of 2006, there are no plans to clean up the tailings. As the company did while it operated, Cyprus prefers to retain
714-474: The timber rights in the adjoining towns of Cantarranas and Valle de Angels. The mine had 16 levels, 100 feet (30 m) apart, with regular connections. The deepest level runs about 1 1 ⁄ 2 miles into the mountain. Ore reserves estimates in 1904 were 64,897 tons. In that year the company produced 1,172,377 oz. of silver, 5,202 oz. of gold, of a total value of $ 721,374.87. Expenses in Honduras were $ 396,842.72 and gross expenditures were $ 543,294.16, leaving
765-538: The Board of Directors and Lewis L. Clarke, president of the Company. In 1930 the Board of Directors was: WM. A. Prendergast, Chairman; Sidney Abbey; W.C. Langley; Lewis L. Clarke; W.L. Saunders; H. A. Guess; M. F. Soto; Irving Heidell; Ambrose G. Todd; Dr. J. Ralph Jacoby; Dr. Julius J. Valentine ; P.R. Weiler. In 1954, Robert M. Reininger took over leadership of the 75-year-old New York and Honduras Rosario Mining Company, which then held only one old, depleted gold mine and
816-640: The Dominican Republic, which became at startup in 1975 one of the largest gold mines in the Americas, producing more than 400,000 ounces per year. Also in 1969, Rosario discovered Alberta's prolific Dunvegan Gas Field, up to that time the largest gas field found in Canada. In the 1960s, the company acquired an industrial minerals business, producing granite and limestone in Florida. In 1973, the company
867-664: The El Dorado property, 65 km east of San Salvador, from 1948 to 1953, producing approximately 270,000 tonnes of ore yielding about 72,500 troy ounces (2,250 kilograms) of gold at an average grade of 9.7 g/t from workings centered on the Minita vein system (one of a large number of gold-bearing veins and vein systems identified on the El Dorado project). Gold was recovered in a simple cyanide mill and recoveries in excess of 90% were achieved. Marco Aurelio Soto Marco Aurelio Soto Martínez (13 November 1846 – 25 February 1908)
918-536: The La Luz property was optioned by The Tonopah Mining Company of Nevada, in association with Ventures Limited. The option was exercised in July 1938 and a Canadian corporation, La Luz Mines Limited, was formed. The cost of purchase, equipment, and operation was in excess of $ 3,000,000; Tonopah's investment was $ 240,000 with 120,000 shares of stock or ten percent of the outstanding shares. Ventures Limited and its affiliate held
969-623: The Ministry of the Interior, Justice and Ecclesiastical Affairs, to which he was soon permanently appointed. Later he took on the duties of the Ministries of Foreign Affairs and Public Instruction. In this last position he organized the first public primary, secondary and vocational instruction to be founded on modern principles. In 1876, Soto was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to Guatemala, To secure peace between Guatemala and El Salvador,
1020-703: The NYHRMC signed a contract with the Government of Nicaragua to initiate a mining operation in the Pis Pis District of the Department of Zelaya. On September 11, 1936, the contract was transferred to Neptune Gold Mining Company. This contract included rights on an area twelve miles (19 km) long and two miles (3.2 km) wide. On January 14, 1938, it was decided to exercise the options. The properties and those acquired by purchase, were transferred to
1071-514: The New York and Honduras Rosario Mining Company extracted $ 100 million (U.S.) worth of gold, silver, copper and zinc from the San Juancito mountains. The Rosario had an enormous impact on the local landscape. Entire woods were sacrificed to satisfy the large amount of timber needed to build the underground installations, buildings and houses. Long tracks were opened to transport wagons, carriages, minerals and men. The Rosario Mining Company
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#17327734006801122-556: The United States, Canada, Mexico, Peru, Nicaragua, and the Dominican Republic, as well as major Canadian gas discovery in 1969 and 1970s oil play in the British North Sea. From these projects flowed a cornucopia of gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, mercury, granite, limestone, and petroleum. These properties, largely developed internally, multiplied the value of the company many times from 1954 through 1980, when Rosario
1173-818: The area in search of work. The intervening half-century allowed the forest to regrow, and much of the Rosario mine workings are now within La Tigra National Park . In 1935, NYHRMC acquired an option on some gold mining properties in Nicaragua. These properties were the Bonanza Group of Mines, and those adjoining belonging to the Eden Mining Company and Tunky Transportation and Power Company, controlled by Benj. C. Warnick & Company, Limited, of Wilmington, Delaware. The original option
1224-634: The area, which led to the area being visited by fortune seekers from Central America and the United States , among other locations. In 1880, after successful negotiations with the fragile Honduran government, The New York and Honduras Rosario Mining Company was established in the US. The mining firm took a well-known mine in San Juancito , 40 km northeast of Tegucigalpa , and in the next decade produced three million dollars in silver and gold. By
1275-553: The beginning of the 20th century it had more than one thousand workers. The mineral wealth of the San Juancito mountains was first discovered by native Indians as early as the 15th century. It was later exploited by Spanish conquistadors. But it wasn't until 1880, and the arrival of the New York-based Rosario Mining Company, that the area was transformed. Over the next few decades, the towns of El Rosario and San Juancito swelled in population from
1326-715: The company's processing plant fell north of the cease-fire line in Northern Cyprus following the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974, whilst the rest of the company's mines were the other side of the Green Line . Given this insurmountable problem, the Cyprus Mines Corporation pulled out of Cyprus and the Mavrovouni mine and processing plant remained in an area not controlled by the government of
1377-536: The contract with the Nicaraguan Government was extended up to July 23, 1946. In 1946 the contract was extended once more up to July 23, 1951. Mariano Argüello Vargas , acted in representation of the Neptune Gold Mining Company. The contract established an annual fee of US$ 0.25 per hectare to be paid by the Company to the Nicaraguan Government. Gold mineralization was first discovered in the Siuna area in
1428-430: The disastrous situation of Honduras. President Soto sought to improve lines of communication and mail service, including building some railroads, a telegraph system and launched an unprecedented education program in the country. In addition, he moved the capital to Tegucigalpa. Despite the progress made during the administration Soto, Honduras remained quite underdeveloped as it lacked export products like coffee to pay for
1479-627: The figurehead of the corporation. The firm would soon become the largest mining company in the country. The Valentines also secured control of the wharf and railway at Puerto Cortes on the Honduran Atlantic Coast. In 1888, Washington Valentine founded the first private bank in Honduras, Banco de Honduras, in Tegucigalpa. Valentine and the Honduras President, Luis Bogran, owned shares in the bank. Marco Aurelio Soto,
1530-638: The investment necessary to improve infrastructure. Soto's presidency was threatened by the Guatemalan government of Justo Rufino Barrios, and for this reason he fled the country, leaving it in the hands of a council of ministers. He later died in Paris, France at the age of 61. Cyprus Mines Corporation The Cyprus Mines Corporation was an early twentieth century American mining company based in Cyprus . In 1914, Charles G. Gunther began prospecting in
1581-416: The island's inhabitants and provided more than 25 percent of the island's entire annual revenue. Cyprus Mines paid its employees 15–20 percent above the island average. The company ran an up-to-date, 65-bed hospital for its employees, built scores of low-cost houses for them to live in, and helped to run schools, sports clubs, welfare centers, and summer camps for their families. One of the operating mines and
Rosario Mining Company - Misplaced Pages Continue
1632-531: The late 1800s by indigenous people that reported 'favourable results' from gold panning. At the end of the 19th century, José Dámaso Valle, a prospector from León who discovered 14 gold mines and registered them in his name in the Bluefields Registry Office. The first organized, small-scale mining was carried out by the La Luz and Los Angeles Mining Company from 1908-1928, during which time an estimated 523,000 short tons grading 0.25 oz/ton gold
1683-523: The mine is a growing issue for Cypriot environmentalists and NGOs . According to the Climate Accountability Institute , Cyprus Amax was responsible for 0.1% of global industrial greenhouse gas emissions up to 2017. In 1979 Cyprus Mines Corporation was acquired by Amoco Corporation . Amoco expanded Cyprus into a diversified worldwide mining company. Amoco spun off Cyprus Minerals Company in 1985. In 1986, Cyprus acquired
1734-593: The mine's hydroelectric plant. During this period, an estimated 17 million short tons grading 0.12 oz/ton gold was produced. Nonetheless, due to the increase in the price of copper during the Vietnam War, and the discovery of the copper mine in Rosita, this company had the greatest overall earnings in Nicaragua in the 1960s. In 1973, Rosario Mining Company bought the actions for $ 1,468,425 (USD). In 1978, sales exceeded $ 61,692 (USD). NYHRMC operated an underground mine on
1785-535: The mountain region. Perhaps as a result of the company's involvement in Honduras, the area became the first to have a hydroelectric plant and telegraph built, as well as the first Pepsi bottling plant in Central America. The adjacent town of San Juancito had electrical power before the capital city of Tegucigalpa . Extraction in the mine ceased in 1954, after 75 years, due to a general strike. The mining company closed and thousands of people left
1836-692: The option, were the American Smelting and Refining Company (53.9%), Premier Gold Mining Company (10%), Terra Nova Properties Limited (5%), H.A. Guess (1.1%). NYHRMC kept 30% of shares. There were also acquired by purchase the properties of the Constancia Consolidated Incorporated, the Experiencia Mine, and an option of the Lone Star Mine. All of these properties were contiguous. On Jun 22, 1936
1887-495: The owner of the mine argued that stopping those exports would have adversely affected Cyprus. David Sievert Lavender (1962). The story of the Cyprus Mines Corporation . San Marino, CA: Huntington Library. p. 264. LCCN 61014054 . They were, however, disturbed by Hitler's policy of Jewish persecution, and in late 1938, CMC established a relief fund along with their agent to help former business associates get out of Germany. Long strikes took place in 1948, organized by
1938-468: The past economic benefits of mining without spending funds on environmental remediation , particularly with no more income from the mines nor the use of the polluted land surrounding those mines, asserting that modern Cyprus has no way to pay for the cleanup. Local farmers claim that citrus crop yields have been reduced by contaminated dust blowing in. Studies of local fruit have found high heavy metal levels and decreased fruit size and quality. The effect of
1989-747: The remainder of the stock. The chief executives of La Luz Mines Limited were also the chief executives and members of the board of directors of The Tonopah Mining Company of Nevada. Ventures Limited was a large stockholder of Tonopah; Thayer Lindsley held the position of president for both companies. At the La Luz Mines Limited property, active construction started in November 1938 on a cyanide mill, electric plant, machine and carpenter shops, limekiln and commissary, and river station. The mill began operations in August 1939, although no development work
2040-516: The study of humanities in the engineering college he started, Harvey Mudd College . The Cyprus Mines Corporation provided copper to Nazi Germany right up until the start of the World War II . Although the company knew that some of its copper sales to Germany would be used to produce weapons for the Nazi military, at a time before the war when Germany traded for resources with many countries,
2091-699: Was President of Honduras from 1876 to 1883. He was known as a liberal . He was a reforming president and had a great impact on the Honduras of his time, including the establishment of the Biblioteca Nacional de Honduras in 1880. Dr. Marco Aurelio Soto was born in Tegucigalpa , Honduras. His parents were Dr. Máximo Soto and Mrs. Francisca Martínez. When he was nine years old he moved with his father, Dr. Don Máximo Soto to Guatemala, where he studied with brilliant success, and crowned his career as
Rosario Mining Company - Misplaced Pages Continue
2142-443: Was a major shareholder in the mining company. One of his sons married a daughter of Washington Valentine. The Rosario Mine consisted of six holdings, each of 600 yds. long by about 200' wide, somewhat less than 500 acres (2.0 km), where it had all mining, timber and water rights. By 1904 accretions by Honduras Government grant and purchase increased the territory to over 12,000 acres (20 square miles). By purchase it had acquired
2193-552: Was acquired by AMAX, Inc. Jorge Blanco was made President and led the company until his retirement. He was able to negotiate the terms of the settlement of the indemnification for the mines (La Rosita, et al confiscated by the Sandinista regime) with the post Sandinista government of Violeta Barrios de Chamorro. He led the company until his retirement in 1998. In 1969, Rosario discovered the Pueblo Viejo oxide gold deposit in
2244-655: Was also consulting engineer of the Braden Cooper and Chile Cooper Companies. On April 30, 1917, the Company secured a controlling interest in the San Marcos mine, located at Sabana Grande, Honduras, and owned by the Sabana Grande Honduras Mining Company. William A. Prendergast was selected as president of the company in 1919. By 1920 WS Valentine was not in the Board of Directors anymore. In 1922 Prendergast becomes chairman of
2295-600: Was developed jointly by Mount Isa Mines Limited and the Australian government's Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (" CSIRO "). In 1993, AMAX merged with the Cyprus Minerals Company to form Cyprus Amax Minerals Company. Cyprus-Amax was the world's leading producer of molybdenum and lithium, and a leading producer of copper and coal. The company had operations in 24 states and on six continents. In late 1999, Cyprus Amax Minerals
2346-414: Was done in the mine during the period. The mine was successful showing net profits in the mid and late 1940s. In 1952, The Tonopah Mining Company of Nevada sold 6,000 shares of La Luz Mines Limited stock reducing its amount of shares to 114,000. La Luz Mines Ltd. operated the gold mine continuously by underground and open pit methods until 1968. Production was only halted when a hurricane permanently damaged
2397-413: Was obtained August 2, 1935, but was not to become operative until title to the Bonanza Group has been perfected, which was not accomplished until June 12, 1936, and the original option was then merged into one bearing date of July 15, 1936, providing for an examination period of eighteen months, subject to extension under certain conditions. Associated with NYHRMC in the procurement of, and all rights under
2448-525: Was produced. In 1909, La Luz and Los Angeles Mining Company, owned by James Gilmore Fletcher and his brothers, G. Fred & D. Watson Fletcher and Henry P. Fletcher , acquired a concession for mineral exploitation in Siuna . This company was based in Pittsburgh. Philander Knox was its lawyer. Adolfo Díaz , later President of Nicaragua, acted as secretary of the company from 1901 to 1910. In July 1936,
2499-645: Was rename Rosario Resources Corporation to reflect its greater geographic and product diversification. In 1976, Rosario's acquisition of the Fresnillo Company in Mexico helped it become the largest silver producer in the Western Hemisphere. In the late 1970s, the rapid rise of prices for all of Rosario's products resulted in spectacular profits for the company, and it became a highly visible target for larger companies searching for growth. After
2550-473: Was rumoured to be involved in the change of the Honduras capital from Comayagua to its rival city of Tegucigalpa , which is closer to the mine. The then Honduran President, Marco Aurelio Soto , had shares in the firm. The company reached its peak during the 1920s when more than three thousand miners worked in the mine, and there was an American consulate at El Rosario. The American firm built housing, offices, terraces, tunnels and several routes which cross
2601-448: Was sold to Amoco. Initially the mine struggled, but eventually obstacles were overcome and the mine produced money. Turkish and Greek Cypriots were hired, and the town of Skouriotissa became a hub as many miners moved there. The corporation took an old-style, paternalistic attitude towards workers, building a company town around the mine. Harvey Seeley Mudd claimed his experience with the Cyprus Mines Corporation influenced him to push
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