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56-725: Rossendale ( / ˈ r ɒ z ən d eɪ l / ) is a local government district with borough status in Lancashire , England. Its council is based in Bacup and its largest town is Rawtenstall . It also includes the towns of Haslingden and Whitworth . The borough is named after the Rossendale Valley , the upper part of the River Irwell . The neighbouring districts are Burnley , Hyndburn , Blackburn with Darwen , Bury , Bolton and Calderdale . The name Rossendale

112-501: A brand last sold locally in the 1990s. In the Philippines, Sarsi is a brand name for a sarsaparilla drink originally manufactured by Cosmos Bottling Corporation, a local company that is now a subsidiary of Coca-Cola Beverages Philippines, Inc. Cosmos Bottling Corporation was established in 1918 as Manila Aerated Water Company. Sarsi was originally branded as Cosmos Sarsaparilla until the 1970s. The unique taste that distinguishes

168-516: A community based radio station which broadcast its studios in Rawtenstall on 104.7 FM. The area is served by local newspaper, Lancashire Telegraph . Rossendale is the home to a large community of artists with several painters' studios, many of which are centred on the area around Waterfoot. Rossendale's only traditional theatre is in Bacup. The Royal Court Theatre first opened in 1893 and has

224-518: A design competition managed by RIBA Competitions which was launched in 2003. It is lit after dark using low-energy LEDs powered by an adjacent wind turbine . It is the fourth Panopticon in Lancashire . It, and the adjacent landscaped area at Top o'Slate, was opened to the public in September 2007, and was designed by John Kennedy of LandLab and engineered by Booth King Partnership. Rossendale

280-504: A legacy of the temperance movement . The classic sarsaparilla was not made from the extract of the sarsaparilla plant, a tropical vine distantly related to the lily. It was originally made from a blend of birch oil and sassafras , the dried root bark of the sassafras tree. In this context, sassafras should not be confused with common sassafras seasoning, filé , used in Cajun cooking and made from dried and ground sassafras leaves. Sassafras

336-500: A major employer in the area. The area became one of the cradles of the Industrial Revolution , and was known as 'The Golden Valley'. There was great hardship among working people during this time, but many fortunes were made among the mill-owning classes. There was large-scale immigration from Ireland to find work building the railways and in the mills, which led to several instances of serious civil disturbances between

392-706: A small rugby union club playing in the lower leagues, but in recent years the club has gained two promotions to take them into Regional 1 North West . Notable players such as Daniel Collins, Dave Wood and Tim Fourie now play at the valley side. The area's only semi-pro non league football team are Bacup Borough F.C. who play their home games at West View and are members of the North West Counties League Division One. The area's other major non league side Rossendale United , who played their home games at nearby Newchurch near Rawtenstall , folded in 2011. The only other semi-pro team from

448-455: A thriving Youth Theatre called The Rossendale Musical Theatre Academy. The theatre and arts centre known as 'The Boo' as well as being a regular venue for family theatre shows, music and a wide range of community arts events, is the home of the Horse and Bamboo Theatre Company who specialise in visual theatre, often using distinctive puppets and masks . The painters and other artists who make up

504-576: A two-tier arrangement. Non-metropolitan districts with borough status are known as boroughs , able to appoint a mayor and refer to itself as a borough council. Some shire counties now have no sub divisions so are a single Non-metropolitan district such as Cornwall. Typically a district will consist of a market town and its more rural hinterland. However districts are diverse with some being mostly urban such as Dartford, and others more polycentric such as Thurrock. Non-metropolitan districts are subdivisions of English non-metropolitan counties which have

560-461: A two-tier structure of local government. Two-tier non-metropolitan counties have a county council and several districts, each with a borough or district council. In these cases local government functions are divided between county and district councils, to the level where they can be practised most efficiently: Many districts have borough status , which means the local council is called a borough council instead of district council and gives them

616-503: A unitary authority or those that transferred from one county to another, including those that changed name. Nor does it include unitary authorities that have been abolished ( Bournemouth and Poole ). Sarsaparilla (soft drink) Smilax ornata , a perennial trailing vine with prickly stems that is native to Mexico and Central America, is often used as the basis for the soft drink sarsaparilla. Common names include sarsaparilla, Honduran sarsaparilla, and Jamaican sarsaparilla. It

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672-550: Is Accrington and Rossendale College , based in Accrington . In terms of television, the area is served by BBC North West and ITV Granada . Television signals are received from the Winter Hill TV transmitter. Local radio stations are BBC Radio Lancashire on 95.5 FM, Heart North West on 105.4 FM, Capital Manchester and Lancashire on 107.0 FM, Greatest Hits Radio Lancashire on 96.5 FM, and Rossendale Radio ,

728-449: Is also home to touring theatre company Hard Graft. Established in 1999 Hard Graft found notoriety in the UK touring non theatre venues. Their first tour was with their award-winning comedy Thick As Thieves , touring living rooms throughout the UK. They then toured 56 charity shops with Burt n Joyce turning each shop into a theatre for the evening. Three Rossendale towns have cricket clubs in

784-502: Is based at The Business Centre on Futures Park in Bacup. It was built as commercial offices called the Kingfisher Business Centre in 2003. The council took some office space in the building before creating a council chamber there in 2009 and consolidating its functions at the site. Prior to 2009 the council was based at Rawtenstall Town Hall at the corner of Bacup Road and Lord Street. It had been built in 1876 as

840-581: Is first recorded in 1292. A record of the name as Rocendal (1242) suggests Celtic ros "moor, heath", with Old Norse dalr "dale, valley ", hence moor valley i.e. the valley of the River Irwell . Rossendale is part of the Forest of Rossendale , which consists of the steep-sided valleys of the River Irwell and its tributaries, which flow from the Pennines southwards to Manchester and cut through

896-570: Is home to a unique dancing troupe, the Britannia Coconut Dancers , formed in the mid-19th century, and who traditionally dance along the local roads every Easter. There has been a long tradition of dialect poetry and writing in Rossendale. Local poets have included Andrew Houston ( The Rossendale Bard ), Walter Hargreaves ( Shepster ) and Clifford Heyworth ( Bill o' Bows ). Waugh's Well, above Edenfield and Cowpe , marks

952-644: Is known in Spanish as zarzaparrilla , which is derived from the words zarza meaning "bramble" (from preroman sarza ), and parrilla , meaning "little grape vine". Sarsaparilla was popular in the United States in the 19th century. According to advertisements for patent medicines of the period, it was considered to be a remedy for skin and blood problems. The Oxford Companion to American Food and Drink notes that it evokes images of "languid belles and parched cowboys ". Sarsaparilla

1008-482: Is now produced by Xiangxue Pharmaceutical . In Hong Kong, Sarsae (沙示) is the most popular brand of sarsaparilla drink. It is manufactured and distributed by the A. S. Watson Group , which pioneered in carbonated beverages in Hong Kong. The drink was the central plot device of a 1985 film called It's a Drink, It's a Bomb (starring George Lam , John Sham and Maggie Cheung ), about a hand grenade disguised as

1064-474: Is sometimes considered to be a type of root beer . Dozens of brands of sarsaparilla are made by microbreweries, mainly in the United States. Sarsaparilla is not readily available in most countries; however, many pubs and most major supermarket chains in the Philippines, Taiwan, Singapore and Australia stock sarsaparilla-flavored soft drinks, and sarsaparilla remains available in the United Kingdom as

1120-563: Is still carried out, largely of sheep but also of cattle. The history of Rossendale is well documented, largely through the efforts of the historian Chris Aspin, a specialist on the textile industry, and Derek Pilkington, whose efforts led to the preservation of Higher Mill in Helmshore, now Helmshore Mills Textile Museum . The Whitworth Doctors were local surgeons and bone setters in the late 1700s and early 1800s whose reputation spread far and wide, so that they treated patients from throughout

1176-738: Is the most popular brand of sarsaparilla drink in Taiwan. It is manufactured by HeySong Corporation . In Cambodia, sarsaparilla is one of the flavors sold under the Fanta brand, bottled and distributed by Cambodia Beverage Company Ltd., a unit of the Coca-Cola SABCO Group. There are two well known sarsaparilla brands in Indonesia, Badak (from North Sumatra ) and Indo Saparella (from the Special Region of Yogyakarta ). Badak

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1232-604: The District Councils' Network , special interest group which sits within the Local Government Association . The network's purpose is to "act as an informed and representative advocate for districts to government and other national bodies, based on their unique position to deliver for local people." This is a list of two-tier non-metropolitan counties and their districts. All unitary authorities are also non-metropolitan districts, which, with

1288-698: The Lancashire League – Bacup, Haslingden and Rawtenstall. The overseas professionals who are associated with the League have therefore often lived in the Rossendale Valley. For example, Everton Weekes was long associated with Bacup; Clive Lloyd with Haslingden. Edenfield Cricket Club are also associated with the Lancashire League but only participate in the leagues T/20 competition. Rossendale rugby club for many years had been

1344-545: The West Lancashire Football League (Haslingden St Mary's), East Lancashire League (Stacksteads St Joseph's, Water FC), Lancashire Amateur League (Rossendale FC, Whitworth Valley, Valley United). The popular comedy series, The League of Gentlemen , is apparently based upon Rossendale (and perhaps Bacup in particular), playing upon stereotypes and exaggerations of the area. Subsequently, the producers filmed in various northern towns, one of which

1400-644: The "Exchange Club" and was subsequently acquired in 1890 by the Rawtenstall Local Board (predecessor of the Rawtenstall Borough Council) for use as its offices. The building was later extended into the offices of an adjoining tramway depot. The borough is linked by the motorway network to Manchester, Burnley and Blackburn via the A56 / M65 and M66 motorways. There was once a rail link south to Manchester via Bury, but this

1456-628: The BBC TV series Hetty Wainthropp Investigates during the 1990s. The 1980's BBC drama series Juliet Bravo was filmed in Rossendale with the exterior of Bacup police station serving as the fictional Hartley police station. During autumn 2008 areas around Rossendale were used in the filming of the BBC TV series Survivors including the Airtours site and other sites in Helmshore and Bank Street in Rawtenstall . In 2012 Rossendale featured on

1512-531: The ITV reality television series May the Best House Win featuring former Rossendale Radio DJ Si Carvell. Local radio station Rossendale Radio broadcast throughout the valley from 2010, before shutting down on 5 March 2012 due to financial difficulties. It then re-launched on 22 December 2018. The Rossendale Male Voice Choir formed in the valley in 1924. In the 2001 census the population of Rossendale

1568-670: The Rossendale area are Ramsbottom United who play in the Northern Premier League Division One North . Previously there had been Haslingden F.C. , playing at Ewood Bridge, on the outskirts of Haslingden, until they folded in 1998. Their ground was later used briefly by Stand Athletic F.C. before they vacated and moved back to Whitefield in Greater Manchester. Other clubs around the Rossendale area are all from Step 7 (Level 11) and below, and so playing in various leagues at this level –

1624-493: The United States at the time, due to the belief that carbonated water had health benefits. In 1960 the FDA banned the use of sassafras oil in foodstuffs after evidence accumulated showing that the main constituent, safrole , was carcinogenic. Safrole is also found in filé, nutmeg, mace, cinnamon, anise, black pepper and sweet basil, but in low enough concentration to be deemed safe. HeySong Sarsaparilla ( Chinese : 黑松沙士 )

1680-445: The area that would become the modern borough of Rossendale was 24,136 in 1801; in 1901 it had grown to 89,540. Its wet and damp climate are ideally suited to the development of watermills, and later to the mechanisation of the wool and cotton spinning and weaving industries in the 18th and 19th centuries. In the middle of the 19th century a felt industry developed, and from this the manufacturing of slippers so that footwear also became

1736-454: The areas for Wales and England had been enacted separately and there were no Welsh metropolitan areas, the term 'non-metropolitan district' does not apply to Wales. A similar system existed in Scotland , which in 1975 was divided into regions and districts, this was also abolished in 1996 and replaced with a fully unitary system . In England most of the district councils are represented by

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1792-519: The borough forms part of the Accrington/Rossendale built-up area which extends into the neighbouring borough of Hyndburn . The Accrington/Rossendale built-up area extends from the towns of Rawtenstall and Bacup to Accrington which takes in parts of the boroughs of Hyndburn and Rossendale. The urban area was recorded at having a population of 125,059. Whitworth is the only civil parish in Rossendale. The parish council has declared

1848-693: The brand established in the Philippines. In mainland China, the drink's introduction can be traced back to the 1920s, when A. S. Watson began producing its sarsaparilla drink in Shanghai and other Chinese cities. In the 1940s, Li Zhiyang (李智扬), Li Guanling (李冠玲), Huang Youtong (黄油桶), Liang Hanqi (梁汉奇) and Wang Zhensan (王震山) were among eleven people who had worked in Watson's Canton and founded Asian Waters in Guangzhou to continue producing Sarsae there and in other mainland Chinese locations. Asia Sarsae (亚洲沙示)

1904-402: The chair of the council to take the title of mayor. Rossendale Borough Council provides district-level services. County-level services are provided by Lancashire County Council . Whitworth is also a civil parish , which forms a third tier of local government in that part of the borough. The first election to the council was held in 1973, initially operating as a shadow authority alongside

1960-631: The country. In 1819 William Hewitt described them as "the most remarkable men of their class that ever appeared in England". R.S. Ireland (The Real Lancashire Black Pudding Co.) is based near Haslingden; a family-run business of specialist black pudding makers, using only traditional methods and with a recipe dating back to 1879. Rawtenstall has Fitzpatricks Herbal Health, this is the last remaining functioning temperance bar in England, that makes and sells its own non-alcoholic drinks, such as sarsaparilla , black beers and blood tonic. The modern district

2016-523: The current route of the East Lancashire Heritage Railway. The area is well served by public road transport, with bus services provided mainly by Rosso and Burnley Bus Company . These provide regular services to Burnley , Blackburn , Accrington , Bolton , Bury , Manchester and Rochdale as well as Todmorden and other local destinations. Rossendale contains multiple secondary schools, these are: In addition, there

2072-459: The current version of Sarsi from other sarsaparilla-based soft drinks is attributed to the sugar substitute saccharin , although its "regular" formula contains high-fructose corn syrup or cane sugar. In Singapore, F&N Sarsi (originally branded as Sarsi) is a brand name for a sarsaparilla drink manufactured by the Singaporean company F&N Group (Fraser and Neave). It is unrelated to

2128-487: The exception of those of Berkshire , are coterminous with non-metropolitan counties. For a full list of districts of all types including unitary authorities, metropolitan districts and London boroughs , see Districts of England . This is a list of former two-tier districts in England which have been abolished, by local government reorganisations such as the 2009 structural changes to local government in England . It does not include districts that still exist after becoming

2184-440: The last boundary changes in 2024 the council has comprised 30 councillors representing 10 wards , with each ward electing three councillors. Elections are held three years out of every four with a third of the council (one councillor for each ward) elected each time for a four year term of office. Lancashire County Council elections are held in the fourth year of the cycle when there are no borough council elections. The council

2240-675: The major studios within the valley – Globe Arts, Prospect Studio, Valley Artists – along with the Boo, the Whitaker, Apna Rossendale, and individual artists now work together to open their studios and premises each year at the Rossendale Art Trail Open Studios weekend in late summer. The first part of the Irwell Sculpture Trail runs from Deerplay, above Bacup, to Stubbins. The actress Jane Horrocks

2296-431: The moorland which is characteristic of the area. It was given the designation of "forest" in medieval times denoting a hunting reserve. The larger settlements grew into market towns, typically through the late Middle Ages . Farming and a cottage woollen industry developed during the reign of Henry VIII , but Rossendale's population only really expanded during the period of the Industrial Revolution . The population of

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2352-411: The outgoing authorities until coming into its powers on 1 April 1974. Since 1974 political control of the council has been as follows: The role of mayor is largely ceremonial in Rossendale. Political leadership is instead provided by the leader of the council . The leaders since 2004 have been: Following the 2024 election the composition of the council was: The next election is due in 2026. Since

2408-494: The parish to be a town, allowing it to take the style "town council". The rest of the borough is an unparished area . For notable past residents see individual towns and villages Rossendale Borough Council is twinned with: Non-metropolitan district Non-metropolitan districts , or colloquially " shire districts ", are a type of local government district in England. As created, they are sub-divisions of non-metropolitan counties (colloquially shire counties ) in

2464-565: The right to appoint a mayor . Borough status is granted by royal charter and, in many cases, continues a style enjoyed by a predecessor authority, which can date back centuries. Some districts such as Oxford or Exeter have city status , granted by letters patent , but this does not give the local council any extra powers other than the right to call itself a city council . By 1899, England had been divided at district level into rural districts , urban districts , municipal boroughs , county boroughs and metropolitan boroughs . This system

2520-517: The spot where Edwin Waugh wrote many of his poems, and is a favourite spot for walkers – a popular activity in Rossendale that does not appear to be in decline. The Halo is an artwork in the form of an 18m-diameter steel lattice structure supported on a tripod overlooking Haslingden, positioned to be clearly visible from the M66 and A56 approach to Lancashire. Designed by John Kennedy and selected as part of

2576-661: The two communities. Michael Davitt , the Irish republican leader was among these immigrants, settling in Haslingden, where he received his education after losing an arm at the age of 11 in a mill accident. The area is also notable for its quarrying, and Rossendale Flagstone was used widely throughout the country in the 19th century. The flagstones in Trafalgar Square in London were quarried in Rossendale. Upland farming

2632-526: The two-tier structure, but reforms in the 1990s and 2009 reduced their number to 192. A further 55 non-metropolitan districts are now unitary authorities, which combine the functions of county and borough/district councils. In Wales , an almost identical two-tier system of local government existed between 1974 and 1996 (see Districts of Wales ). In 1996, this was abolished and replaced with an entirely unitary system of local government, with one level of local government responsible for all local services. Since

2688-414: Was 65,652, spread between the towns of Bacup , Haslingden , Whitworth and Rawtenstall ; the villages of Crawshawbooth , Edenfield , Helmshore and Waterfoot ; and as well as Britannia , Broadclough , Chatterton , Cloughfold , Cowpe , Irwell Vale , Loveclough , Newchurch , Shawforth , Stacksteads , Stubbins , Turn and Weir . The population at the 2011 Census had risen to 67,922. Much of

2744-408: Was Bacup itself, which Jeremy Dyson (writer) and Steve Pemberton (actor) proclaimed, "Bacup was the furthest we went into Lancashire. Bacup was our hot favourite, but it was too frightening – when we arrived there was this cartoon drunk with a bottle shaking his fist at us. Bacup in real life was worse than Royston Vasey ". Various towns within the Rossendale Valley were used for filming scenes of

2800-691: Was abolished by the London Government Act 1963 and the Local Government Act 1972 . Non-metropolitan districts were created by this act in 1974 when England outside Greater London was divided into metropolitan counties and non-metropolitan counties. Metropolitan counties were sub-divided into metropolitan districts and the non-metropolitan counties were sub-divided into non-metropolitan districts. The metropolitan districts had more powers than their non-metropolitan counterparts. Initially, there were 296 non-metropolitan districts in

2856-674: Was born in Rawtenstall, Rossendale, and the composer Alan Rawsthorne was born in Haslingden. Betty Jackson , the fashion designer, is a native of Bacup. In the 18th and 19th centuries the Larks of Dean were an unusual group of working class musicians whose music-making at the Baptist Chapel in Goodshaw Fold became an important local feature. There is also a brass band tradition as well as an amateur theatre scene. There

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2912-580: Was closed in 1966 as part of cuts following the Beeching Report . Part of the old railway reopened in 1991 as the East Lancashire Railway operating a service from Rawtenstall to Bury via Ramsbottom and Summerseat , and manned by volunteers. In September 2003 an eastbound extension from Bury to Heywood was opened. In March 2015, it was proposed to reintroduce a rail service between Rawtenstall, Bury and Manchester. This would use

2968-416: Was created on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972 , covering the whole area of four former districts and part of a fifth, which were abolished at the same time: The new district was named Rossendale, referring both to the Rossendale Valley and to the associated medieval Forest of Rossendale which had covered a similar area. The new district was awarded borough status from its creation, allowing

3024-658: Was established by a Swiss national named Heinrich Surbeck in 1916 in Pematangsiantar , North Sumatra and Indo Saparella was established in 1960 in Yogyakarta . There is also Agung Ngoro a local soft drink brand who produces traditional sarsaparilla in a glass bottle. Hi-Mark by Green Spot was the domestic sarsaparilla drink in Thailand, but was discontinued in 2000. F&N Sarsi has been produced in Thailand by Sermsuk Public Company Limited since 2018, reviving

3080-570: Was once over 40 bands in and around Rossendale, including the Irwell Springs Band whose fame was at a peak at the turn of the 19th century. There are currently the Haslingden and Helmshore Band, Rossendale Encore Concert Band, Goodshaw Band, Stacksteads Band, Water Band, 2nd Rossendale Scout Group Band, Whitworth Vale & Healey Band, Whitworth Youth Band, Haslingden Concert Band and the Whitworth Veterans' Band. Rossendale

3136-403: Was widely used as a home remedy in the 19th century; taken in sufficient doses it induces sweating, which some people thought had health benefits. Sarsaparilla made its debut as a patent medicine, an easy-to-take form of sassafras, much as Coca-Cola was first marketed in 1885 as a remedy for hangovers, headaches and morphine addiction. Besides the effects of the ingredients, sodas were popular in

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