83-428: Radhe is the vocative case of Radha , a Hindu goddess who is the consort of Krishna. It may also refer to: Radha Traditional Radha ( Sanskrit : राधा , IAST : Rādhā ), also called Radhika , is a Hindu goddess and the chief consort of the god Krishna . She is the goddess of love, tenderness, compassion, and devotion. In scriptures, Radha is mentioned as the avatar of Lakshmi and also as
166-959: A Festival of Letters and the Samvatsar Annual Lecture. The Sahitya Akademi periodically holds International Seminars, sometimes in collaboration with the Indian Council for Cultural Relations . The first international seminar was held in 1961, in New Delhi, to mark 100 years since the birth of Rabindranath Tagore . About 25 writers from 16 countries, along with 39 writers from India met over four days to discuss and commemorate Tagore's works. Attendees included Aldous Huxley , Martin Wickremesinghe , Jean Guehenno , Zaki Naguib Mahmoud , Isaiah Berlin , and Louis Untermeyer as well as Amrita Pritam , Ramdhari Sinha Dinkar, Rayaprolu Subba Rao, and Premendra Mitra . In 1991,
249-613: A Finance Committee. The General Council is empowered to elect a president and vice-president, from a panel of three candidates chosen by the executive board. In addition to these, the executive board appoints a secretary, who functions as both the Secretary of the Akademi and as ex-officio secretary of all three governing bodies. The General Council of the Sahitya Akademi operates for a term of five years, following which it
332-477: A cabal of writers and officials. The appointment by a committee composed of Narang, Tiwari and others of the current Secretary K. Sreenivasa Rao, is controversial as Rao's academic credentials for the top job, who had joined the Akademi as a lower division clerk (LDC), are said to be insufficient and extremely dubious. The 171st Parliamentary Standing Committee on the functioning of Sahitya Akademi and three other institutions chaired by Sitaram Yechury and tabled at
415-399: A dance lila by dressing himself as a peacock to please Radha, Gopadevi lila (Krishna took form of female to meet Radha) and Lilahava in which Radha Krishna dressed in each other clothes. Radha and Krishna share two kinds of relationships, Parakiya (Love without any social limitation) and Svakiya (married relationship). Radha asked Krishna why he can't marry her, the reply came "Marriage
498-405: A dark diaphanous veil over her head. The famous Bani Thani portrait by artist Nihâl Chand was inspired by Radha's physical features which includes sharp eyebrows, lotus-like elongated eyes, thin lips and a pointed nose and chin. In religious art forms, Radha also appears as Ardhanari with Krishna, that is an iconography where half of the image is Radha and the other half is Krishna forming
581-508: A literary movement, a current literary trend, some original thinking about a great writer or a great classic or a new path in literary criticism or literary creation". The Lectures have been delivered since 1986 by people including the Hindi writer Sachchidananda Vatsyayan (1986), Marathi poet and writer Vinda Karandikar (1991), Assamese novelist Nabakanta Barua (1994), and Malayalam author and director, M T Vasudevan Nair (1999). In 2014,
664-475: A place as a deity. Prior to Gita Govinda, Radha was also mentioned in text Gatha Saptasati which is a collection of 700 verses composed in Prakrit language by King Hāla . The text was written around first or second century AD. Gatha Saptasati mentioned Radha explicitly in its verse: Mukhamarutena tvam krsna gorajo radhikaya apanayan | Etasam ballavinam anyasam api gauravam harasi || "O Krishna, by
747-747: A poem of Bhakti, depicts Radha and Krishna as divine, but in human love. Though not named in the Bhagavata Purana , Visvanatha Chakravarti (c. 1626–1708) interprets an unnamed favourite gopi in the scripture as Radha. She makes appearances in Venisamhara by Bhatta Narayana (c. 800 CE), Dhvanyaloka by Anandavardhana (c. 820–890 CE) and its commentary Dhvanyalokalocana by Abhinavagupta (c. 950 – 1016 CE), Rajasekhara's (late ninth-early tenth century) Kāvyamīmāṃsā, Dashavatara-charita (1066 CE) by Kshemendra and Siddhahemasabdanusana by Hemachandra (c. 1088–1172). In most of these, Radha
830-523: Is Raval which is a small town near Gokul in Uttar pradesh , but is often said to be Barsana where she grew up. According to popular legend, Radha was discovered by Vrishbhanu on an effulgent lotus floating in Yamuna river. Radha was nine months older than Krishna. She didn't open her eyes until Krishna himself in his child form appeared in front of her. " Ashtasakhis " (translated to eight friends) are
913-524: Is a literary honor in India which Sahitya Akademi annually confers on writers of the most outstanding books of literary merit published in any of the major Indian languages recognised by the Akademi. Sahitya Akademi conferres annually the Yuva Puraskar to young writers (under 35 years) of outstanding works in one of the 24 major Indian languages. It was founded in 2011. Other programmes organised by
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#1732802125699996-570: Is a power potency of Krishna, who is a playful adventurer. Radha and Sita offer two templates within the Hindu tradition. If "Sita is a queen, aware of her social responsibilities", states Pauwels, then "Radha is exclusively focused on her romantic relationship with her lover", giving two contrasting role models from two ends of the moral universe. Yet they share common elements as well. Both face life challenges and are committed to their true love. They are both influential, adored and beloved goddesses in
1079-527: Is a union of two souls. You and I are one soul, how can I marry myself?" Several Hindu texts allude to these circumstances. The Sanskrit texts, Brahma Vaivarta Purana and the Garga Samhita mention that Krishna secretly married Radha in the presence of Brahma in the Bhandirvan forest before leaving Vrindavan . The place where Radha Krishna 's marriage was conducted is still present in
1162-739: Is because she is the secret treasure hidden within the sacred scriptures. During the Bhakti movement era in the sixteenth century, she became more well known as her extraordinary love for Krishna was highlighted. Radha's first major appearance in the 12th-century Gita Govinda in Sanskrit by Jayadeva , as well as Nimbarkacharya 's philosophical works. Thus in the Gita Govinda Krishna speaks to Radha: O woman with desire, place on this patch of flower-strewn floor your lotus foot, And let your foot through beauty win, To me who am
1245-550: Is depicted as someone who is deeply in love with Krishna and is deeply saddened when Krishna leaves her. But, on contrary, Radha of the Rādhātantram is portrayed as audacious, sassy, confident, omniscient and divine personality who is in full control at all times. In Rādhātantram, Radha is not merely the consort but is treated as the independent goddess. Here, Krishna is portrayed as her disciple and Radha as his guru. Charlotte Vaudeville theorizes that Radha may have inspired by
1328-429: Is described as the chief of Braj Gopis (milkmaids of Braj) and queen of Goloka and Braj including Vrindavan and Barsana . She has inspired numerous literary works, and her Raslila dance with Krishna has inspired many types of performance arts. The Sanskrit term Rādhā ( Sanskrit : राधा ) means "prosperity, success, perfection and wealth". It is a common word and name found in various contexts in
1411-581: Is frustrated with the past, obligations to social expectations, and the ideas she inherited, who then longs for real meaning, the true love, the divine (Krishna). This metaphoric Radha (soul) finds new liberation in learning more about Krishna, bonding in devotion, and with passion. An image of Radha has inspired numerous literary works. For modern instance, the Shri Radhacharita Mahakavyam —the 1980s epic poem of Dr. Kalika Prasad Shukla that focuses on Radha's devotion to Krishna as
1494-547: Is held in February and is the occasion at which the Akademi presents its awards . The festival is accompanied by an exhibition that covers major literary events of the previous year, as well as a 'Writers' Meet' which is a literary seminar spanning three days. The Samvatsar Annual Lecture is organised by the Sahitya Akademi and is delivered during the Akademi's Annual Festival of Letters. The Sahitya Akademi notes that these lectures "should open up new vistas of thinking regarding
1577-636: Is independent from the recognition of languages by the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India . The idea of constituting a National Academy of Letters in India was considered by the colonial British government, and in 1944 a proposal from the Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal for the formation of a 'National Cultural Trust' was, in principle, accepted. The original plan conceived of three institutions, or academies, devoted to
1660-429: Is just her most intimate subordinate. As a precursor to this view can be understand Jayadeva , in whose Gita Govinda (10.9) Krishna is beneath Radha. Radha is also considered as the personification of Krishna's love. According to doctrines attributed to Vaishnavite saint Chaitanya Mahaprabhu , It is said that, Krishna has three powers: the internal which is intelligence, the external which generates appearances and
1743-502: Is mentioned in Brahma Vaivarta Purana ( Krishnajanma Khanda, Chapter 96 ) and Garga Samhita ( Ashvamedha Khanda, Chapter 41 ) that after the curse of 100 years of separation ran out, Krishna revisited Braj and met Radha and gopis. After performing the divine pastimes for sometime, Krishna summoned a huge divine chariot which took the residents of Braj along with Radha and gopis back to their celestial abode Goloka where
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#17328021256991826-428: Is reconstituted. It meets once a year and performs several important functions, including appointing the Akademi's president and vice-president, electing members of the executive board, framing rules and procedures for the Akademi, and electing fellows on the recommendation of the board. The General Council consists of the following members: The executive board of the Sahitya Akademi exercises executive authority and
1909-627: Is responsible for supervising and controlling the Akademi's work. It prepares the Akademi's annual budget, appoints the secretary, and prepares panels of nominees for the General Council to consider and select fellows. It consists of the president, the vice-president, the financial advisor, two of the Government of India's nominees in the General Council (one of whom must represent the Ministry of Culture) and one person to represent each of
1992-445: Is said to have come out from primordial body of Krishna, forming his left side, and is eternally associated with him in his amorous sports in this world as well as the world of cows ( Goloka ). Radha is often identified with the "sweet" aspect of goddess Lakshmi 's essence and thus also worshiped as an avatara of Lakshmi. In Shri Daivakrita Lakshmi Strotam , Lakshmi is praised and glorified in her form of Radha In Goloka, you are
2075-439: Is sometimes referred to as Ardharadhavenudhara murti , and it symbolizes the complete union and inseparability of Radha and Krishna. D.M. Wulff demonstrates through a close study of her Sanskrit and Bengali sources that Radha is both the "consort" and "conqueror" of Krishna and that "metaphysically Radha is understood as co-substantial and co-eternal with Krishna." Indeed, the more popular vernacular traditions prefer to worship
2158-548: Is the purpose of this Akademi to recognise men of achievement in letters, to encourage men of promise in letters, to educate public taste and to improve standards of literature and literary criticism." A key concern in the early days of the Sahitya Akademi was the establishment of its autonomy from the Central Government. This concern was echoed by the Prime Minister, who noted that, "...it is an honour to be
2241-798: The Makers of Indian Literature , which consist of biographical monographs on Indian writers, and Histories of Indian Literature , 18 of which have been published thus far. It publish two journal: Indian Literature (started in 1957) in English, and Samakaleen Bharatiya Sahitya (started in 1980) in Hindi. In 1987, it published a book ( Bulhe Shah: Volume 141 ) on the life of Bulleh Shah (authored by Surindar Singh Kohli). The Sahitya Akademi holds over 100 programmes related to Indian literature every year across India. It holds frequent seminars on Indian literature, as well as translation workshops. In addition, it holds several regular and annual events, including
2324-689: The Varaha Purana (as consort of Krishna), the Narada Purana (as goddess of love), the Skanda Purana and the Shiva Purana . The 15th and 16th century Krishnaite Bhakti poet-saints Vidyapati , Chandidas , Meera Bai , Surdas , Swami Haridas , as well as Narsinh Mehta (1350–1450), who preceded all of them, wrote about the romance of Krishna and Radha too. Thus, Chandidas in his Bengali-language Shri Krishna Kirtana ,
2407-399: The Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India , alongside English and Rajasthani : Assamese , Bengali , Bodo , Dogri , English , Gujarati , Hindi , Kannada , Kashmiri , Konkani , Maithili , Malayalam , Manipuri , Marathi , Nepali , Odia , Punjabi , Rajasthani , Sanskrit , Santhali , Sindhi , Tamil , Telugu , Urdu . The recognition of languages by Sahitya Akademi
2490-544: The Goloka , which is a world of cows and cowherds far above the Vishnu 's Vaikuntha . In this divine world, Krishna and Radha relate to one another in the way body relates to the soul. (4.6.216) According to Krishnaism , Radha is the chief female deity and is associated with Krishna's maya (material energy) and prakriti (feminine energy). At highest level Goloka, Radha is said to be united with Krishna and abiding with him in
2573-651: The Indian government . Its office is located in Rabindra Bhavan near Mandi House in Delhi . The Sahitya Akademi organises national and regional workshops and seminars; provides research and travel grants to authors; publishes books and journals, including the Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature ; and presents the annual Sahitya Akademi Award of INR. 100,000 in each of the 24 languages it supports, as well as
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2656-593: The Lok Sabha in August 2011 states, "It was felt that most of these institutions were not able to live up to the original mandates set out by their founding fathers. Controversies of different kind involving these institutions that keep cropping up from time to time, had caught this Committee’s attention. Questions were also raised about the indifference and helplessness shown by the Ministry of Culture to do anything in
2739-534: The Mūlaprakriti , the Supreme goddess, who is the feminine counterpart and internal potency ( hladini shakti ) of Krishna. Radha accompanies Krishna in all his incarnations. Radha's birthday is celebrated every year on the occasion of Radhashtami . In relation with Krishna, Radha has dual representation—the lover consort as well as his married consort. Traditions like Nimbarka Sampradaya worship Radha as
2822-512: The Sahitya Akademi Fellowship for lifetime achievement. The Sahitya Akademi Library is one of the largest multi-lingual libraries in India, with a rich collection of books on literature and allied subjects. It publishes two bimonthly literary journals: Indian Literature in English and Samkaleen Bharatiya Sahitya in Hindi. The Sahitya Akademi supports work in the following 24 languages, 22 of which are included in
2905-624: The 24 languages that it supports. Amongst other things, it publishes the National Bibliography of Indian Literature (NBIL), an ongoing selective index of publications in 24 languages. The first series of the NBIL consisted of four volumes, spanning literature published between 1901 and 1953. The Sahitya Akademi has stated that the second series will cover literature published between 1954 and 2000. The second series will consist of 16 volumes, of which seven have been published. In addition,
2988-552: The Akademi in a commemorative volume. A second International seminar on the same theme was held in New Delhi in 1981. International Seminars have since been held to mark the birth centenary of Hindi-language writer Premchand , in 1981; to mark the birth centenary of Tamil-language poet Subramania Bharti in 1983; on the Mahabharata , in 1987; and on 'the Narrative' in 1990. The Sahitya Akademi's Annual Festival of Letters
3071-818: The Akademi organised a second International Seminar on Tagore in collaboration with the Sangeet Natak Akademi , the Lalit Kala Akademi and the Indian Council for Cultural Relations . The Akademi's second International Seminar in 1975 was also held in New Delhi and focused on the Ramayana tradition in Asia. Participants, including U Thein Han, Soewito Santoso, Harry M. Buck, C.E. Godakumbra, Kapila Vatsyayan, Camille Bulke and Umashankar Joshi, presented 44 papers on Ramayana traditions, which were published by
3154-430: The Akademi's supported languages, as nominated by the General Council. The finance committee's role is to prescribe the limit for total expenditure by the Sahitya Akademi in a financial year, and consider and recommend budget estimates to the executive board. The finance committee consists of a financial advisor, a nominee from the Government of India, a representative each from the General Council and Executive Board, and
3237-497: The Government. Some of these suggestions were incorporated, and the Akademi was constituted as a society under the Societies Registration Act of 1860 , as it had not originally been incorporated by an Act of Parliament, but by an executive order. The council was reconstituted and elected Prime Minister Nehru as its president, and he continued in that capacity until his death in 1964. Subsequent presidents of
3320-486: The Hindu culture. In worship of Rama, Sita is represented as a dutiful and loving wife, holding a position entirely subordinate to Rama. However, in the worship of Radha Krishna , Radha is often preferred over to Krishna, and in certain traditions, her name is elevated to a higher position compared to Krishna's. Radha in Hinduism , is revered as the goddess of love. She is mostly depicted along with Krishna or gopis in
3403-529: The Indian temples. Through her image, her divine character and her amorous and passionate relations with Krishna, Radha is the constant meditation of practitioners. According to William Archer and David Kinsley, a professor of Religious Studies known for his studies on Hindu goddesses, the Radha-Krishna love story is a metaphor for a divine-human relationship, where Radha is the human devotee or soul who
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3486-537: The Lord of All, O be attached, now always yours. O follow me, my little Radha. However, the source of Jayadeva's heroine in his poem remains a puzzle of the Sanskrit literature. A possible explanation is Jayadeva's friendship with Nimbarkacharya, the first acharya to establish the worship of Radha-Krishna. Nimbarka, in accordance with the Sahitya Akademi 's Encyclopaedia, more than any other acharyas gave Radha
3569-463: The President of an organisation which includes it in its fold the eminent writers of India in various languages. As President of that Akademi I may tell you quite frankly, I would not like the Prime Minister to interfere in my work." The first Council made recommendations to amend the Akademi's governing constitution, including proposals to have the chairman elected by the council and not appointed by
3652-619: The Primordial Divine Mother. While the poetry of Jayadeva and Vidyapati from Bengal treat Radha as Krishna's "mistress", the Gaudiya poetry elevates her to a divine consort. In Western India, Vallabhacharya 's Krishna-centric sampradaya Pushtimarg , Radha is revered as the Swamini of Krishna, who is worthy of devotion. According to Jaya Chemburkar, there are at least two significant and different aspects of Radha in
3735-674: The Sahitya Akademi has published the Collected Works of Maulana Azad in Urdu and Telugu, and critical editions of books by Kalidasa , Bankimchandra Chatterjee , and Rabindranath Tagore . The Sahitya Akademi maintains reference materials for Indian literature, including the National Register of Translators, the Who's Who of Indian Writers, and the Who's Who of Sanskrit literature. Two ongoing series of reference material are
3818-462: The Sahitya Akademi have included S. Radhakrishnan (1958) who succeeded Jawaharlal Nehru after serving as the vice-president along with him; Zakir Hussain (1963); Suniti Kumar Chatterjee (1967); K.R. Srinivasa Iyengar (1969, and re-elected in 1973); Umashankar Joshi (1978); Vinayaka Krishna Gokak (1983); Birendra Kumar Bhattacharya (1988); U. R. Ananthamurthy (1993); Ramakanta Rath (1998); and Gopi Chand Narang (2003). Sunil Gangopadhyay
3901-687: The Sahitya Akademi include the Mulakat lectures, a special platform for lesser-known authors; the Through My Window lectures, in which one author speaks on the works of another Indian author; and the Loka programmes on Indian folklore and the Kavisandhi poetry readings. There have been widespread allegations of corruption and controversial appointments under the presidency of Gopi Chand Narang who headed Sahitya Akademi from 2003 to 2007 and
3984-420: The Sahitya Akademi without availing a single day's leave, are fake and fraudulent. Appeals by the writers community to the Ministry of Culture to launch an inquiry have not yielded any result. It has been alleged time and again that the procedure of nomination of litterateurs for the coveted Sahitya Akademi Awards is not transparent. The ground-list of books (from which the jury members make two short-lists and
4067-515: The Sahitya Akademi, done during Gopi Chand Narang 's time, continue unchallenged to this day. Khurshid Alam and Mrignayani Gupta, both dismissed in 2004 for presenting counterfeit degree certificates, have made a backdoor entry and have been subsequently promoted to higher positions. There have been widespread allegations in the Hindi press that the certificates of the current secretary, K. Sreenivasa Rao, who completed his M.Phil. and PhD degrees while being employed as deputy secretary (administration) at
4150-735: The ancient and medieval texts of India. The word appears in the Vedic literature as well as the Hindu epics , but is elusive. The name also appears for a figure in the epic Mahabharata . Rādhikā refers to an endearing form of Radha. In chapter 15th, Goloka khanda of Garga Samhita , Sage Garga elaborates the complete meaning of Radha. In Radha, 'R' signifies Rama , goddess Lakshmi , 'a' means Gopis , "dh" signifies dhara , goddess Bhudevi and last 'a' symbolises River Virājā (also called Yamuna ). The fifth chapter, Fifth night of Narada Pancharatra mentioned 1008 names of Radha under
4233-616: The body of the Supreme Lord is Srimati Radha, seated blissfully, as beautiful as the Lord Himself; who is served by thousands of gopis: we meditate on the Supreme Goddess, the fulfiller of all desires. In the hymnal Hita-Caurasi of Hith Harivansh Mahaprabhu , the 16th-century bhakti poet-saint, founder of Radha Vallabh Sampradaya , Radharani is exalted to the status of the only ultimate deity, while her consort Krishna
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#17328021256994316-427: The combined masculine and feminine form of Ardhanarishvara . In Radha Krishna temples, Radha stands on the left of Krishna, with a garland in her hand. She is often dressed in traditional sari or ghagra-choli along with a veil. Her jewelry from top to bottom is either made of metals, pearls or flowers. The Sanskrit scripture Brahma Vaivarta Purana describes Radha as the beautiful and youthful goddess having
4399-475: The couple and often tilt the balance of power towards Radha. Graham M. Schweig in his work " The divine feminine theology of Krishna " in context with Radha Krishna stated that, "The divine couple, Radha and Krishna, comprise the essence of godhead. Radha is therefore acknowledged by Chaitanyaite Vaishnavas to be part of very center of their theological doctrine. Sacred images of the forms of Radha Krishna, standing together side by side, are elaborately worshiped in
4482-404: The differentiated which forms the individual soul. His chief power is that which creates dilatation of the heart or joy. This appears to be the power of love. When this love becomes settled in the heart of the devotee, it constitutes Mahabhava , or the best feeling. When love attains to the highest pitch, it constitutes itself into Radha, who is the most lovable of all and full of all qualities. She
4565-667: The eternal consort and wedded wife of Krishna. In contrast, traditions like Gaudiya Vaishnavism revere her as Krishna's lover and the divine consort. In Radha Vallabh Sampradaya and Haridasi Sampradaya, only Radha is worshipped as the Supreme being . Elsewhere, she is venerated with Krishna as his principal consort in Nimbarka Sampradaya, Pushtimarg , Mahanam Sampradaya , Swaminarayan Sampradaya , Vaishnava-Sahajiya , Manipuri Vaishnavism , and Gaudiya Vaishnavism movements linked to Chaitanya Mahaprabhu . Radha
4648-503: The face of autonomy enjoyed by these institutions." The committee also urged Sahitya Akademi to adopt the recommendation of the Haksar Committee (1988) of having its head appointed by the president of India, a practice followed by Sangeet Natak and Lalit Kala Akademies, to avoid "the inevitable complications of the existing system of elections." Many controversial appointments of unqualified candidates to key positions at
4731-511: The final reunion of Radha Krishna took place. In Brahma Vaivarta Purana , Radha (or Rādhikā), who is inseparable from Krishna, appears as the main goddess. She is mentioned as the personification of the Mūlaprakriti, the "Root nature", that original seed from which all material forms evolved. In the company of the Purusha ("Man", "Spirit", "Universal soul") Krishna, she is said to inhabit
4814-484: The final selection for the award) is supposed to be made by the General Council. But the books are provided to this council by the bureaucrats and employees of the Akademi who are allegedly unqualified to make any kind of literary selection. Though the award regulations makes the recommendations of the Language Advisory Board mandatory, the recommendations of the board are often dismissed and ignored by
4897-428: The goddess Primordial prakriti (Mūlaprakriti) who is called the "Maker of Universe" or "Mother of All" (Narada Purana, Purva-Khanda, 83.10-11, 83.44, 82.214). In Nimbarkacharya 's Vedanta Kamadhenu Dashashloki (verse 6), it is clearly stated that: Ange tu vaame vrishabhaanujaam mudaa viraajamaanaam anuruupasaubhagaam | Sakhiisahasraih parisevitaam sadaa smarema deviim sakalestakaamadaam || The left portion of
4980-521: The goddess more dear to Krishna than life itself, His own Radhika. Deep in the Vrinda forest, you are the mistress of mesmerizing rasa dance. According to the Garga Samhita (Canto 2, chapter 22, verses 26–29), during the rasa pastime, on the request of gopis , Radha and Krishna showed them their eight armed forms and turned into their Lakshmi Narayan forms. (2.22.26) In Skanda Purana (Vaishnava Khand, chapter 128), Yamuna describes Radha as
5063-547: The integral part of Radha's childhood and youth. It is believed that all the Ashtasakhis are the intimate friends of Radha Krishna and also have descended from Goloka in Braj region. Out of all the eight sakhis, Lalita and Vishakha are the prominent ones. According to Chaitanya Charitamrita 's Antya lila (2:6:116), Radha also received a boon from sage Durvasa in her childhood that whatever she cooks would be better than
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#17328021256995146-606: The invited author followed by an open session of questions and discussions. 'Meet the Author' programmes have been conducted in Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, and Bengaluru. Over 180 authors have participated to date. To complement this, the Sahitya Akademi has held a parallel lecture series titled 'Men in Books' in which the Akademi invites persons distinguished for interdisciplinary studies to speak about literature. Notable speakers in
5229-450: The land of Braj . Various art forms based on Radha Krishna are majorly inspired by Gita Govinda and Rasikapriya . In Rajput paintings , Radha represents an ideal of beauty, wearing the traditional sari decorated extensively with patterns and ornamented in jewelry with lighter skin tone and emphasized facial features. In Kishangarh paintings, Radha is represented as beautifully dressed woman in ghagra choli with pearl jewelry and
5312-478: The lecture was delivered by Girish Karnad , a Kannada playwright and author. The most recent lecture was delivered by Chandrashekhar Shankar Dharmadhikari , an author, lawyer, and former judge in the Bombay High Court on 17 February 2016. The Sahitya Akademi organises regular public interactions with published Indian authors. These sessions, titled 'Meet the Author' consist of a 40-minute lecture by
5395-575: The literature associated with her, such as Sri Radhika namasahasram . One aspect is she is a milkmaid (gopi), another as a female deity similar to those found in the Hindu goddess traditions. She also appears in Hindu arts as Ardhanari with Krishna, that is an iconography where half of the image is Radha and the other half is Krishna. This is found in sculpture such as those discovered in Maharashtra , and in texts such as Shiva Purana and Brahma Vaivarta Purana . In these texts, this Ardha Nari
5478-510: The molten golden complexion and wearing the garlands of gems and flowers. Radha in her human form is revered as the milkmaid ( gopi ) of Vrindavan who became the beloved of Krishna. One of the basic traits of Radha is her unconditional love for Krishna and her sufferings that forms the basis for Radha's exaltation as a model of devotion. Radha was born to Vrishbhanu , who was the Yadava ruler of Barsana and his wife Kirtida. Her birthplace
5561-481: The nectar. Stories of Radha's youth are filled with her divine pastimes with Krishna. Some of the popular pastimes of Radha Krishna include: Raslila , pastimes of Radha Kund , Gopashtami lila , Lathmar Holi , Seva Kunj lila in which Krishna did sringara of Radha, Maan lila ( A special stage in divine love in which the devotee develops so much love for God as to even attain the right of getting angry with him), Mor Kutir lila in which Krishna performed
5644-749: The outskirts of Vrindavan, called Radha Krishna Vivah Sthali, Bhandirvan . The story mentioned in Brahma Vaivarta Purana indicates that Radha has always been Krishna's divine consort. But to give importance to Parakiya relationship (love without any social foundation) over Svakiya's (married relationship), Radha Krishna's marriage was kept hidden. According to Garga Samhita and Brahma Vaivarta Purana , Radha also left her home post Krishna's departure and went to Kadli vann (forest) leaving behind her illusionary form (also called Chaya Radha, her shadow) in Barsana. Radha with Ashtasakhi also met Uddhava in this forest who delivered them Krishna's message. It
5727-548: The pairing of the goddess Ekanamsha (associated with Durga ) with Jagannatha (who is identified with Krishna) of Puri in Eastern India. Though Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (15th century, the founder of Gaudiya Vaishnavism ) is not known to have worshiped the deity couple of Radha-Krishna, his disciples around the Vrindavan region, affirmed Radha as the hladini shakti ("energy of bliss") of Krishna, associating her with
5810-500: The past have included film-maker Adoor Gopalakrishnan , journalist Dilip Padgaonkar, lawyer Laxmi Mall Singhvi , and former prime minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee . The Kavi Anuvadak programmes, started in 2001, consist of a live performance of poetry in the original language and in translation. Nine Kavi Anuvadaks have been held to date, featuring, amongst others, K. Satchidanandan , Manglesh Dabral , and Ayyappa Paniker . Sahitya Akademi Award ( Devnagari : साहित्य अकादमी पुरस्कार)
5893-413: The president Vishwanath Prasad Tiwari. Agrahara Krishnamurthy, appointed as the Secretary of Sahitya Akademi by Narang, had undergone a CBI probe in a paper purchase scam at the time of his appointment, and was censured and forced to retire after being accused of financial irregularities in 2012. Agrahara Krishnamurthy who has been granted relief by the High Court has alleged a conspiracy against him by
5976-802: The puff of breath from your mouth, as you blow the dust from Radha's face, you take away the glories of other milkmaids." Radha also appears in the Puranas namely the Padma Purana (as an avatar of Lakshmi ), the Devi-Bhagavata Purana (as a form of Mahadevi ), the Brahma Vaivarta Purana (as Radha-Krishna supreme deity), the Matsya Purana (as form of Devi ), the Linga Purana (as form of Lakshmi),
6059-429: The purpose of the Sahitya Akademi in his speech, noting that, "The phrase, Sahitya Akademi, combines two words. 'Sahitya' is Sanskrit, and 'Academy' is Greek. This name suggests our universal outlook and aspiration. Sahitya is a literary composition; Academy is an assembly of men who are interested in the subject. So Sahitya Akademi will be an assembly of all those who are interested in creative and critical literature. It
6142-491: The same body. The relationship between Radha Krishna is that of substance and attribute: they are as inseparable as Milk and its whiteness or Earth and its smell. This level of Radha's identity transcends her material nature as prakriti and exits in the form of pure consciousness ( Narada Purana , Uttara Khana - 59.8). While Radha is identical to Krishna at this highest level, this merger of identities seems to end when she separates from him. After separation she manifest herself as
6225-406: The soul of Krishna. She emphasis that " Radha is Krishna and Krishna is Radha " and all the queens of Krishna including Rukmini are the expansion of Radha. Sahitya Akademi The Sahitya Akademi , India 's National Academy of Letters, is an organisation dedicated to the promotion of literature in the languages of India . Founded on 12 March 1954, it is supported by, though independent of
6308-518: The title Shri Radha Saharsnama Strotam . The 68th chapter, Tritiya paad of Narada Purana also listed 500 names of Radha. Some of the common names and epithets are: Radha is an important goddess in the Vaishnavite traditions of Hinduism. Her traits, manifestations, descriptions, and roles vary by region. Radha is intrinsic with Krishna. In early Indian literature, mentions of her are elusive. The traditions that venerate her explain this
6391-428: The universal lover—"one of the rare, high-quality works in Sanskrit in the twentieth century." The Radha-Krishna and Sita - Rama pairs represent two different personality sets, two perspectives on dharma and lifestyles, both cherished in the way of life called Hinduism . Sita is traditionally wedded: the dedicated and virtuous wife of Rama, an introspective temperate paragon of a serious, virtuous man. Radha
6474-639: The vice-president of the Akademi. The accounts of the Sahitya Akademi are audited by the Auditor General of India. The Sahitya Akademi publishes several regular publications, in addition to its bi-monthly literary journals, Indian Literature and Samkaleen Bhartiya Sahitya . It undertakes bibliographic surveys, conducts translation workshops, seminars, and an annual festival of letters. The Sahitya Akademi publishes bibliographies, compilations, and critical editions in addition to publishing individual works and anthologies of literature and translation in
6557-503: The visual arts, performing arts, and letters. The independent Government of India carried out this proposal, constituting a National Academy of Letters, called the 'Sahitya Akademi' by a government resolution on 15 December 1952. The first General Council of the Akademi included members such as Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan , Abul Kalam Azad , C. Rajagopalachari , K. M. Panikkar , K.M. Munshi , Zakir Husain , Umashankar Joshi , Mahadevi Varma , D. V. Gundappa , Ramdhari Singh Dinkar , and
6640-503: Was constituted by the Government of India by a resolution passed on 15 December 1952. It was formally inaugurated on 12 March 1954. It initially functioned under executive order, but was subsequently registered as a society under the Indian Societies Registration Act, 1860. The constitution of the Sahitya Akademi provides that it shall be run by three authorities — a General Council, an Executive Board, and
6723-450: Was elected president in 2008, and held office until his death in 2012. Vishwanath Prasad Tiwari served as president from 2013 to 2018. The Akademi has never elected a female president although, Mahasweta Devi in 2003 and Pratibha Ray in 2018 unsuccessfully contested against Gopi Chand Narang and Chandrashekar Kambara respectively for the position. The logo of Sahitya Akademi was designed by Satyajit Ray . The Sahitya Akademi
6806-603: Was presided over by the then-Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru . The Government of India clarified that the choice of Prime Minister Nehru as the first chairperson was "not because he is Prime Minister, but because he has carved out for himself a distinctive place as a writer and author." The Sahitya Akademi was formally inaugurated on 12 March 1954 in New Delhi. A ceremony was held in the Indian Parliament 's Central Hall, with speeches by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad and Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan . Radhakrishnan elaborated on
6889-420: Was the object of the highest love of Krishna and being idealized as love, some of the agreeable feelings of the heart are considered her ornaments. In Narada Pancharatra Samhita , Radha is mentioned as the feminine form of Krishna. It is described that, the one single lord is represented to have become two—one a woman and the other a man. Krishna retained his form of man while the female form became Radha. Radha
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