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20-470: 5°12′52″S 39°39′59″E  /  5.214559°S 39.666510°E  / -5.214559; 39.666510 Ras Mkumbuu is a long narrow peninsula on the central west coast of Pemba Island , one of the two main islands of Tanzania 's Zanzibar Archipelago . The town of Chake-Chake , one of the island's main population centres, is located immediately to the south of it on Chake-Chake Bay . The peninsula stretches due west for 12 kilometres, tapering to only

40-517: A few tens of metres wide at its narrowest point. The peninsula, along with Fundo Island to the north, forms part of a natural breakwater which provides a calm harbour for the northern town of Wete . Ras Mkumbuu was an important site in Pemba's history, being the site one of the island's most important early settlements, Qanbalu , which is now a ruin. The small village of Ngagu is now the peninsula's main settlement. This Zanzibar location article

60-458: A longer drier season between June and October. Archaeological research on Pemba has shown its centrality to the Swahili coast trading system as early as 600 AD. Along the northern coast, urban settlements at Chwaka later developed and flourished from the eleventh century to ~1500 AD. West of Pemba's capital Chake-Chake, on a long stretched peninsula called Ras Mkumbuu , one can find some of

80-431: A reputation for political violence , with the notable exception of those drawn by its reputation as a center for traditional medicine and witchcraft . There is a quite large Arab community on the island , who immigrated from Oman . The population is a mix of Arab and original Waswahili inhabitants of the island. A significant portion of the population also identifies as Shirazi people . The overwhelming majority of

100-597: A strip of land along its eastern coast, a very fertile place: besides clove trees, the locals grow mainly rice , coconut , bananas , cassava , and red beans (called maharagwe in the Swahili language ). Pemba is home to several dive sites, with steep drop-offs, untouched coral, and very abundant marine life. Pemba has been designated an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports populations of Pemba green pigeons , Pemba scops owls , Pemba white-eyes and Pemba sunbirds . Pemba has

120-737: A tropical climate, yet somewhat milder than Tanzania's mainland and milder than in Unguja island. This climate is classified as "Aw" by the Köppen-Geiger system . The average temperature in Chake Chake is 25.5 °C (77.9 °F). The average annual rainfall is 1,364 mm. The monthly average temperatures are usually between 24 and 27.4 °C (75.2 and 81.3 °F). There are two rain seasons, with most rainfall coming between April and May and smaller rain season coming between November and December. Drier months are January and February, and

140-415: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Pemba Island With a land area of 988 square kilometres (381 sq mi) it is situated about 50 kilometres (31 mi) to the north of Unguja , the largest island of the archipelago. In 1964, Zanzibar was united with the former colony of Tanganyika to form Tanzania . It lies 50 kilometres (31 mi) east of mainland Tanzania, across

160-468: Is divided into two regions, North Pemba (Pemba Kaskazini)with its capital at Wete , and South Pemba (Pemba Kusini) with its capital at Mkoani . Although the centrally located city of Chake Chake , near the airport, is considered Pemba's capital, and is the seat of Pemba's court and the President of Zanzibar's official Pemba residence. Pemba is also famous for its rich fishing grounds. Between

180-557: Is found on Pemba (3.5 million trees), as growing conditions on the island are superior to those on Unguja island. Clove trees grow to a height of approximately 10 to 15 metres and can be harvested for sometimes over 50 years. Most of the island, which is hillier and more fertile than Unguja, is dominated by small scale farming. There is also large-scale farming of other crops, primarily rice , coconuts , and red beans (called maharagwe in Swahili), as well as cassava and bananas . For

200-606: The Pemba Channel . Together with Mafia Island (south of Unguja), these islands form the Spice Islands (not to be confused with the Maluku Islands of Indonesia ). Most of the island, which is hillier and more fertile than Unguja, is dominated by small scale farming. There is also large scale farming of cash crops such as cloves . In previous years, the island was seldom visited due to inaccessibility and

220-758: The Erythraean Sea ) is the largest and most populated island of the Zanzibar archipelago, in Tanzania . Unguja is a hilly island, about 85 kilometres (53 miles) long (north-south) and 30 kilometres (19 miles) wide (east-west) at its widest, with an overall area of about 1,666 square kilometres (643 square miles). It is located in the northern half of the Zanzibar Archipelago , in the Indian Ocean , about 59 kilometres (37 mi) south of

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240-558: The island and the mainland there is the deep 50 kilometre wide Pemba Channel, which is one of the most profitable fishing grounds for game fishing on the Swahili Coast. Pemba is (with the exception of a strip of land along its eastern coast) highly fertile for agriculture which serves the global farming industry. A large segment of Zanzibar export earnings comes from cloves . The greatest concentration of clove trees in Zanzibar

260-405: The island is Zanzibar City , which serves as a capital for Zanzibar and which includes the renowned historical city of Stone Town as well as other populated areas such as Michenzani . Other major settlements on Unguja include Mbweni , Mangapwani , Chwaka , and Nungwi . People of Unguja mostly speak kiunguja ("the language of Unguja"), which is the dialect of the Swahili language that

280-401: The island's population follows Islam and identify as Muslim. The most important towns in Pemba are Chake-Chake (the capital), Mkoani , and Wete , which is the largest city. The centrally located Chake-Chake is perched on a mound with a view to the west on a bay and the tiny Misali Island , where the tides determine when a dhow can enter the local harbour. Pemba is, with the exception of

300-513: The mid-13th century there were two independent sultans ruling over parts of Pemba Island. On 24 June 2016, the Australian Minister for Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Development , Darren Chester , said that a piece of aircraft debris was found on Pemba Island, possibly being from the missing Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 . Pemba is part of the semi-autonomous Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar . Administratively, it

320-520: The oldest and best preserved series of early ruins on the islands ( Ndagoni ruins , probably 14th century). East of Chake-Chake one can find the Mkama Ndume ruins at Pujini village (south of the airport) within easy reach by road from Chake-Chake. This is the only known early fortification on the whole Swahili Coast; it is dated to the fifteenth century. According to the Arab geographer Yakut , in

340-651: The promotion of tourism, the Department of Surveys and Mapping at Chake-Chake has been publishing maps with tourist guides since 1992. Pemba Airport is also known as Wawi Airport or Karume Airport and connects the island to Arusha , Dar es Salaam , and Zanzibar City. Unguja Unguja (also referred to as "Zanzibar Island" or simply "Zanzibar", in Ancient Greek : Μενουθιάς , romanized :  Menuthias – as mentioned in The Periplus of

360-538: The second largest island of the archipelago, Pemba . Unguja and mainland Tanzania are separated by the Zanzibar Channel . Unguja is surrounded by a number of smaller islands and islets, with only two of them, Tumbatu and Uzi , being inhabited. Other minor islands around Unguja include Bawe , Chapwani , Changuu , Chumbe , Kizingo , Kwale , Latham , Mautani , Miwi , Mnemba , Mwana wa Mwana , Nianembe , Popo , Pungume , and Ukanga . Unguja and

380-560: The surrounding islands are divided into three regions : Unguja belongs to Zanzibar , which is defined by the Tanzanian Constitution as "a part" of Tanzania with a high degree of autonomy. The local Zanzibari government is based in Stone Town , on the west coast of Unguja. As of the 2012 census , the total population of Unguja was 896,721, mostly concentrated in the Zanzibar urban region. The main settlement on

400-510: Was used as the main model for the definition of standard Swahili. Unguja is the island of the Zanzibar Archipelago that has the most developed tourism industry . This accounts for a substantial part of Unguja's economy. Agriculture (including the production of spices such as cloves ) and fishing are other relevant activities. All along the east coast, most villages also rely on seaweed farming . Notable mammal species on

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