Airport General Lucio Blanco International Airport
74-586: Reynosa ( Spanish pronunciation: [rejˈnosa] ) is a border city in the northern part of the state of Tamaulipas , in Mexico which also holds the municipal seat of Reynosa Municipality . The city is located on the southern bank of the Rio Grande in the international Reynosa–McAllen metropolitan area , directly across the Mexico–United States border from Hidalgo, Texas . As of 2020,
148-625: A July mean of 30 °C (86 °F) and temperatures can exceed 40 °C (104 °F) anytime from May until August. The average annual precipitation is 452 millimetres (18 in), with most of it being concentrated in the summer months though the months of May and June are the wettest. Reynosa is served by the General Lucio Blanco International Airport , which has flights to multiple important Mexican cities on six airlines, some serving it with aircraft such as Boeing 737 and Airbus A320 . In addition,
222-703: A delegate. As Tijuana ranks higher in the Mexican urban hierarchy than San Diego does in the American urban hierarchy, Tijuana contains many foreign consulates including those of China, Korea, Finland, the United States, Germany, Spain, Honduras, France, Austria, Gambia, the United Kingdom, Italy, Norway, Sweden, Israel, Canada, and the Czech Republic. Tijuana does not receive competition from
296-492: A large part of the regional economy more-so observed in Tijuana. The focus of manufacturing in the region is on soft and hard technological products. In metropolitan Tijuana, manufacturing has historically allotted for a large sector of the economy and San Diego County's economy has increasingly focused on manufacturing which 2002 allotted for $ 25 billion of the county's economic income. The 2000s decade saw Tijuana overtake
370-414: A larger urban center as San Diego does from Los Angeles. However, with Mexicali growing rapidly, a possible canal project planned and Silicon Border development under way, Tijuana will soon face similar competition. Population figures for California cities are from 2010 U.S. Census data. Population figures for Baja California cities are from 2010 INEG census data. The international border between
444-582: A parcel of land known as Rancho Tía Juana and in 1889 was Tijuana officially founded on this parcel when descendants of Argüello and Agustin Olvera , an early Los Angeles pioneer, agreed to develop the city. The metropolitan region was historically united as part of the province of Alta California under the Viceroyalty of New Spain . In 1821, Mexico won its independence from the Spanish crown and kept
518-476: A population census according to which Reynosa had 280 inhabitants. As a result of the census, they obtained authorization from the King of Spain to move the village to a placed named Santa María de las Lajas, which was not done because Escandón didn't consider the river a flooding risk anymore. In September 1800, an immense flood occurred. The village was inundated and the villagers used canoes and rafts to arrive to
592-485: A pristine and natural state. This regional climate supports a chaparral and woodlands ecoregion that is further divided in three sub-regions where two are observed in San Diego–Tijuana. These are the coastal sage and chaparral and montane chaparral and woodlands ecoregions . In the montane region, fire serves a unique purpose as a medium of change, and while fire typically can threaten urban development, it
666-742: A separate entity that is not formally a state). States are further divided into municipalities . Mexico City is divided into boroughs , officially designated as demarcaciones territoriales or alcaldías , similar to other states' municipalities but with different administrative powers. Mexico's post agency, Correos de México , does not offer an official list of state name abbreviations, and as such, they are not included below. A list of Mexican states and several versions of their abbreviations can be found here . Notes: San Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana 32°32′31.87″N 117°01′46.63″W / 32.5421861°N 117.0296194°W / 32.5421861; -117.0296194 San Diego–Tijuana
740-456: A symbiotic relationship exists between think-tanks in the north and manufacturing heads in the south that creates a healthy environment for startup companies. San Diego alone was rated by Forbes in 2014 as one of the best places to start a tech company. Several areas of San Diego are home to offices and research facilities for numerous biotechnology companies and pharmaceutical companies. Among American metropolitan areas , metropolitan San Diego
814-595: Is a reminder of the Pacific Coast's colonial era. In 1769 Father Junípero Serra founded San Diego after occupying the Kumeyaay village of Kosa'aay and created the first of the California missions , Mission San Diego de Alcalá . The Valley of Tijuana was explored the same year by Juan Crespí . In 1829 Santiago Argüello , a Californio and a major Mexican land grant ranchos owner, obtained ownership of
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#1732776426565888-551: Is also a major point of entry for trafficking , where 50 brothels of trafficked Mexican girls exist in San Diego County. The majority of cross-border trips into the United States are those made by commuters into the Greater San Diego area and Southern California as a whole. There is a thriving reverse traffic for entertainment in Tijuana and affordable goods and services . The San Ysidro port of entry
962-399: Is also subject to El Niño weather events. In extreme cases, the overwhelming fall of rain creates mudslides and greatly increases the flow of urban rivers . This sudden influx of water has the potential to flood populated places and drown out wetland habitat; measures have been taken to reduce this potential negative affect while simultaneously restoring the rivers and their watersheds to
1036-539: Is an international transborder agglomeration , straddling the border of the adjacent North American coastal cities of San Diego , California, United States, and Tijuana , Baja California, Mexico. The 2020 population of the region was 5,456,577, making it the largest bi-national conurbation shared between the United States and Mexico, and the second-largest shared between the US and another country. The conurbation consists of San Diego County , (2020 population 3,298,634) in
1110-519: Is characterized by generally warm, dry summers on the near coastal regions with a slight temperature increase westward, and relatively cool, mild, wet winters; this is the climate that dominates northern San Diego–Tijuana. In southern San Diego–Tijuana, the semi-arid climate is observed, though characteristics of the Dry-Summer Subtropical Mediterranean climate are present, with most of the annual precipitation falling in
1184-478: Is essential for the historically annual cleanse of the woodlands and reproduction of pyrophytes . Southern coastal sage scrub is further observed on the coast. This is an ecoregion with extremely high levels biodiversity where its endemic species are endangered by human encroachment. In this terrestrial ecoregion , the coastal lowlands are within a semi, semi-arid Mediterranean climate, inhabited by low-growing aromatic, and drought - deciduous shrubs . In
1258-546: Is land and 326 square miles (840 km ) of it (7.20%) is water. The area of Tijuana Municipality is 339.5 square miles (879 km ); the municipality includes part of the Coronado Islands , located off the coast of the municipality in the Pacific Ocean. This combined area, with the additional areas of Tecate, 1,188.8 square miles (3,079 km ), and Rosarito Beach, 198.2 square miles (513 km ), place
1332-873: Is now the California-Baja California region. Cabrillo first named San Diego , San Miguel . Initial expeditions by the west to the Californias were followed by pacification and conversion efforts by the Spanish Empire and the Catholic Church. The first Catholic religious order to visit the region was the Jesuits in 1683, followed by the Franciscans in 1768, and the Dominicans in the 1770s. The California mission system
1406-611: Is observed to the northeast along the Interstate 15 corridor to Temecula and Murrieta . Greater Ensenada is more frequently than not considered part of the region given its proximity and inter-connectivity with the metropolitan area. While it is ninety and seventy-four miles (145 and 119 km) from the cities of San Diego and Tijuana respectively, recent developments between the port city and Rosarito Beach including upscale, Americanized subdivisions and resorts such as Punta Azul, Baja Mar , and La Salina have greatly increased
1480-492: Is only growing; Tijuana's sub-metropolitan region is reliant on a diversified manufacturing sector. Leading private employers to the metropolitan region are Qualcomm , SAIC , Sempra Energy , Sony , Kyocera , Pfizer Global Research & Development , Callaway Golf , Sharp HealthCare , Scripps Health , Sanyo , Hitachi , Panasonic Corporation , Samsung , Hyundai , Mattel , Honeywell , Pioneer Corporation , Maxell , Douglas Furniture, and International Rectifier . On
1554-430: Is the main border crossing for non-commercial traffic. Crossing times are notoriously slow at San Ysidro, particularly for those entering the U.S. in cars. Given delays frequently experienced upon entry to Mexico, many cross-border travelers choose to cross on foot. Infrastructure on both sides of the border delivers travelers and commuters to border crossings via respective public transportation systems of which includes
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#17327764265651628-532: Is the third largest concentrated area of high technology and biotechnology businesses. The presence of the University of California, San Diego and other research institutions helped fuel biotechnology growth. In June 2004, San Diego was ranked the top biotech cluster in the U.S. by the Milken Institute . San Diego is home to companies that develop wireless cellular technology. Qualcomm Incorporated
1702-537: The Colorado Desert and Imperial Valley regions, where another conurbation – Mexicali–Calexico – is formed. The urbanized area where San Diego and Tijuana meet is known as San Ysidro on the American side of the border and Colonia Federal/Colonia Libertad on the Mexican side. East from the coast ten miles (16 km), the Tijuanense boroughs of Mesa de Otay and Centenario are heavy urbanized whereas
1776-562: The Imperial Valley and north to Warner Springs . The Luiseño , or Payómkawichum, also had a presence in modern-day North County San Diego. Western exploration of the Californias dates back to the 16th century when in 1535 Hernán Cortés first visited the Baja California Peninsula in his search for Calafia . Subsequent exploration in 1542 by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo brought the western explorers to what
1850-686: The McAllen Miller International Airport in McAllen, Texas , is also relatively close and is served by airlines like Allegiant Air , American and United . List of states of Mexico The states are the first-level administrative divisions of Mexico and are officially named the United Mexican States . There are 32 federal entities in Mexico (31 states and the capital, Mexico City , as
1924-800: The San Andreas Fault was created during the Cenozoic by the movements of the Pacific plate and the North American plate . The region experiences earthquakes and felt the shocks of the 2009 Gulf of California earthquake and 2010 Baja California earthquake . The main mountain ranges of the Peninsular Ranges ridging eastern San Diego–Tijuana is Palomar Mountain , the Laguna Mountains , Sierra de Juárez , and
1998-502: The San Diego Trolley Blue Line that runs from downtown San Diego to the border crossing. Leading industries in San Diego–Tijuana are trade, services, electronics, tourism, life sciences, high-tech and defense sectors. In 2002 San Diego and Tijuana had a gross regional product of $ 136.3 Billion; and in 2007 this figure increased to $ 176 Billion. The greater San Diego area has a knowledge-based economy that
2072-705: The Spanish Empire . In 1601, it was mandated by the Spanish viceroy in Mexico City that safe ports be found, one of which would be San Diego Bay , for ships of the Manila galleon . During this mission, explorer Sebastián Vizcaíno was also told to map the California coast in great detail, leading to the further exploration of the modern-day site of San Diego–Tijuana. Since 2010, statewide droughts in California and in northern Mexico have further strained
2146-490: The Twin Cities as medical device manufacture capital of North America. The amount of diverse and numerous manufacture companies in the area have made the metropolitan region one of the world's largest concentrated manufacturing areas. San Diego–Tijuana is ground zero for a transborder tech sector. Engineers and entrepreneurs in the entirety of the border region are fueling the growth of this economic industry in which
2220-480: The barred tiger salamander and California tree frog . With a mostly arid climate, reptile species outnumber amphibians by a margin of seven to one. Bird species popular to the region are the California quail , California condor , California least tern , peregrine falcon and golden eagle . Introduced parrot species such as the red-crowned amazon parrot have also been found living and breeding in San Diego County and parts of Tijuana Metro. The waters off of
2294-533: The constitutional army took Reynosa during the Mexican revolution. On 24 November 1926, Reynosa became a city. Reynosa extends across 3,156.34 sq kilometers (1218.66 sq. miles), representing 3.7 per cent of the Tamaulipas territory. Today it is the location of several satellite U.S. companies doing business to take advantage of low labor rates and industry incentives. On 18 September 2012, an explosion at
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2368-584: The downtown San Diego district of the East Village among others, and areas of Tijuana. An area of 116 census tracts in the North County region of the conurbation has a population of 615,092 and a per capita income of $ 44,131 which is about 50 percent more than that of California and the entire United States. This area contains nearly all of the area located in the cities of Carlsbad, Encinitas , Solana Beach , and Del Mar . A part of this region are
2442-586: The gray whale , a seasonal migratory animal, as well as the bottlenose dolphin , great white shark , killer whale , and California sea lion and on rare occasion, Guadalupe fur seal . In recent times the region has seen the rebound of artiodactyls such as the Peninsular bighorn sheep, a distinct population segment of the desert bighorn sheep . Reptiles include olive ridley sea turtle , western fence lizard , various rattlesnake species and species of blind snake and gopher snake . Amphibians included
2516-426: The mountain lion , bobcat , bighorn sheep , mule deer as well as a variety of rodents and lagomorphs including the California ground squirrel , San Diego kangaroo rat , and brush rabbit . Black bears , jaguars and sea otters historically populated the area, but their range has been restricted by human encroachment and the jaguar and the sea otter are now rarely, if ever, observed. Aquatic mammals included
2590-433: The urbanity of the corridor between Rosarito Beach and Ensenada. Transportation infrastructure increasingly binds the region, as the under-construction Ensenada International Airport is expected to serve as the third major airport of the metropolitan region, offering flights to Europe, South America, and East Asia. San Diego–Tijuana straddles a Mediterranean climate and demi-arid climate area. The Mediterranean climate
2664-401: The "city of villages" concept in mind, built around car-dependency. Tijuana's suburban landscape is made up densely packed low-density mixed land uses, with patches of street grids east of the city and more organic growth influenced by topography. Cities like Tecate and Rosarito are built on street grid systems. The metropolitan region is situated along the Pacific coast , on the border between
2738-518: The 2020 Globalization and World Cities classification , San Diego was rated as Beta - level global city up from Gamma level, while Tijuana was rated as a high sufficiency city. The economy of the urban area is influenced by the Port of San Diego which gives the region a strong maritime sector; the conurbation is the location of the only major submarine and shipbuilding yards on the West Coast and of
2812-474: The City of San Diego in accordance with policing and community service areas. The city lies south of North County , and west of East County , while also being north of parts of South Bay . Though the city boundaries grace Tijuana's, Centre City lies approximately 18 miles (29 km) north of Tijuana. San Diego has deep canyons separating its mesas, creating small pockets of natural parkland scattered throughout
2886-533: The May gray and June gloom seasons, a dense cloak of coastal clouds, known as marine layer , covers the coastal areas, keeping the area cool and moist to up to 5–10 miles (8.0–16.1 km) inland. This coastal cloud cover is frequently observed reaching as far inland as Poway and in some cases, San Diego Country Estates . Yet once outside this cloud, the weather in sharp contrast can be warm and sunny. In some cases, June gloom lasts into July, creating cloudy skies over
2960-429: The San Diego–Tijuana binational region's water security . The Kumeyaay , referred to as Diegueño by the Spanish, are the original inhabitants of San Diego County and northern Baja California . The Kumeyaay lived in this region for over 10,000 years as hunter-gatherers and horticulturists . The boundaries of the Kumeyaay lands once extended from the Pacific Ocean, south to Ensenada, Baja California , east into
3034-515: The United States and Mexico runs from San Diego–Tijuana eastward towards the Gulf of Mexico . The Pacific Ocean terminus of the border was defined as a line passing from the confluence of the Colorado and Gila rivers (now the southeastern corner of the U.S. State of California) to the Pacific Ocean such that it would pass one Spanish league south of the southern end of San Diego Bay. This ensured that
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3108-409: The United States and Mexico. The region lies just south of Orange County and west of Imperial County , and shares borders with Greater Los Angeles . The area has a varied topography with over seventy miles of coastline and snow-capped mountains that rise to the northeast, in San Diego County. The terrain includes flood plains, canyons, steep hills, and mesas . The region has its eastern terminus in
3182-570: The United States and the municipalities of Tijuana (2020 pop. 1,922,523), Rosarito Beach (126,980), and Tecate (108,440) in Mexico. It is the third most populous region in the California–Baja California region, smaller only than the metropolitan areas of Greater Los Angeles and the San Francisco Bay Area . The metropolitan region is host to 13 consulates for several countries. Over fifty million people cross
3256-554: The United States received the natural harbor at San Diego. There are three existing border crossings in San Diego–Tijuana, with two more planned. San Ysidro / El Chaparral is the busiest border crossing in the world; In 2019 alone, more than 77.2 million people entered the U.S. through this port. There are maximum 30 vehicle border crossing lanes at the San Ysidro Port of Entry into the United States and 6 or 8 lanes into Mexico from San Ysidro. The San Diego/Tijuana border
3330-868: The abundance of such stone throughout the region. Once part of the North American Plate, the Salinian block broke off due to the formation of the San Andreas Fault and rift resulting in the Gulf of California and its extension of the Salton Trough . The faults nearest the urban area are the Elsinore and Laguna Salada faults , both secondary to the San Andreas fault. The region is set with many natural coastal harbors , estuaries , inlets , lagoons , and bays . These included
3404-580: The area of San Diego–Tijuana at 6,252.5 square miles (16,194 km ). San Diego is by far the most populated county though population density is much higher in the immediate border area adjacent to the south in Baja California than it is in San Diego County. Urban growth is currently developing regions to the east of Tijuana Municipality and south of Rosarito Beach, where developers are building many new residential communities while in San Diego it
3478-479: The area under the jurisdiction of Alta California. From the late 1860s Mission lands were granted as ranchos to Californio gentry. These distributions of lands accelerated after the Missions were secularized in 1833 , ending the dominance of the Missions in the economy. San Diego Bay became a port of call for whalers and hide traders from the United States. The region started depopulating, as settlements in
3552-496: The border each year between San Diego and Tijuana, giving the region the busiest land-border crossing in the world. Since the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994, San Diego–Tijuana has become a dominant commercial center in the United States and Mexico. The economic success of globalization has allowed San Diego–Tijuana to grow to the third richest region in
3626-400: The border while a relatively younger population the Tijuana side. The Tijuana region also maintains a population largely composed of people born outside of Baja California. San Diego is located at 32°42′N 117°09′W / 32.700°N 117.150°W / 32.700; -117.150 , just north of Tijuana. The city is divided into eight districts by the municipal government of
3700-517: The caravan consisted of 1500 colonists and 755 soldiers. On 14 March 1749, was founded (in its original location) the Villa de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe de Reynosa, by the captain Carlos Cantú on behalf of Escandón, being as well in political and military command. There were 279 pioneer residents in the charge of Friar Agustín Fragoso. The city was named Reynosa after Reinosa , birthplace of
3774-474: The city of Reynosa has a population of 691,557. If the floating population is included, the total can reach approximately 1,000,000. On 6 July 1686, Agustín Echeverz y Zuvízar, governor of the Nuevo Reino de León , camped in what is now Reynosa during an exploratory expedition. In December 1748, an expedition led by José de Escandón y Helguera left from Querétaro , planning to establish 14 villages;
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#17327764265653848-551: The city. This makes San Diego a hilly city. The Coronado and Point Loma peninsulas separate San Diego Bay from the ocean. Tijuana is located at 32°31′N 117°01′W / 32.517°N 117.017°W / 32.517; -117.017 , just south of San Diego. The city is divided into nine administrative boroughs , which are in turn divided into neighborhoods . These boroughs offer administrative services such as urban planning , civil registry , inspection, verification, public works and community development, served by
3922-410: The coast of San Diego–Tijuana are densely populate by the denizens of the kelp forests . Kelp forests are found to a great extent and are populated by Garibaldi , leopard sharks , gobies , rockfish , and sculpins . Great white sharks have been observed in the waters off the coast, while there are numerous documentations of their occurrence in the waters off Guadalupe Island . From the confines of
3996-783: The coastal regions for entire days. An example of the regional temperature fluctuations is shown in the varying averages of downtown San Diego, averaging January lows of 50 °F and August highs of 78 °F; El Cajon , just 10 miles (16 km) northeast of downtown San Diego, averaging January lows of 42 °F and August highs of 88 °F; Tijuana, averaging January lows of 45 °F and August highs of 78 °F. The differences are even more observed in North County, where coastal Oceanside maintains an average January low of 45 °F and August highs of 73 °F, while inland Escondido maintains average January lows of 42 °F and August highs of 89 °F. San Diego–Tijuana
4070-516: The communities of Rancho Santa Fe , Carmel Valley and La Jolla which have consistently been among the ranks of some of the richest neighborhoods in the United States. Outside of the urban centers, older regions of San Diego County south of the San Diego River , as well as La Jolla and Pacific Beach, are built on a street grid. Suburban growth north of the San Diego river were built as master planned suburban communities on top of mesas with
4144-601: The corresponding American area of Otay Mesa is composed of primarily dispersed industrial and distribution facilities. At the Pacific Ocean region of the border, the border is urbanized on the Mexican side while the adjacent American side is in Tijuana River National Estuarine Research Reserve , and thus not urbanized. According to the U.S. Census Bureau , San Diego County has a total area of 4,526 square miles (11,720 km ), of that 4,200 square miles (11,000 km ) of it
4218-693: The forests, ocean-going species such as the Ocean sunfish are observed. Environmental research in climate and biodiversity is conducted at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography and by the Biodiversity Research Center of the Californias of the San Diego Natural History Museum . The land on which San Diego–Tijuana sits is due west of a major transform fault . The transform fault, known as
4292-444: The former Californias region, with a GDP of $ 136.3 billion in 2002. Renowned for natural beauty, tourism is a leading industry in the region and its coastal environs have been paramount factors in the growth of action sports -lifestyle companies. Other key industries include military, biotech , and manufacturing. San Diego–Tijuana traces its European roots to 1542, when the land was explored by Portuguese explorers on behalf of
4366-486: The hills of El Morrillo. In 1802, the village moved to its current location and the new census showed 1631 inhabitants. In 1810, the building of the old church Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe began, by the parish priest Don José Cárdenas; it was finished in 1815 by Don Lorenzo Treviño. In 1846, Reynosa was invaded by the American army during the Mexican-American war . On 10 May 1910, General Lucio Blanco with
4440-510: The international Reynosa–McAllen Metropolitan Area has a population of 1,500,000 inhabitants, making it the third largest metropolitan area in the Mexico–U.S. border after San Diego–Tijuana and El Paso–Juárez . Reynosa is the 30th largest city in Mexico and anchors the largest metropolitan area in Tamaulipas. In 2011, Reynosa was the fastest growing city in the state of Tamaulipas, and
4514-431: The largest naval fleet in the world. The cruise ship industry, which is the second largest in the California-Baja California region, generates an estimated $ 2 million annually from the purchase of food, fuel, supplies, and maintenance services. In California alone, the port is the fastest-growing port in terms of cruise ship dockings and the second largest behind the Port of Los Angeles . Manufacturing accounts for
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#17327764265654588-523: The major water bodies known as: The populace of the San Diego–Tijuana is cosmopolitan in that many cultures and ethnic groups are present. A large transitory population exists due to Tijuana's border proximity to the United States. This location draws many Latin Americans , including Argentines , Cubans , Guatemalans , and Andean nationalities, as well as Chinese, Korean , and Japanese people; Italian , French, Spanish and Lebanese also reside in
4662-589: The nearby Pemex gas plant killed 30 and injured 46 people. Pemex Director Juan Jose Suarez said that there was "no evidence that it was a deliberate incident, or some kind of attack". In 2017, it was described as a major hotspot in the Mexican Drug War , as a result of the internecine wars between the Gulf and Los Zetas drugs cartels. Reynosa is the largest and most populous city in the state of Tamaulipas, followed by Matamoros , Nuevo Laredo , Ciudad Victoria , Tampico , and Río Bravo . In addition,
4736-686: The peaks of the Cuyamacas including Cuyamaca Peak . The highest points are located in the Lagunas at 6,378 feet (1,944 m) and in the Cuyumacas at 6,512 feet (1,985 m) while the highest is the peak of Hot Springs Mountain at 6,535 feet (1,992 m). These mountain ranges constitute part of the Salinian Block , a largely granitic terrane dating back to the Mesozoic era and thus explaining
4810-554: The region began to be raided between 1836 and 1842 by the Kumeyaay resistance, with both Rancho Tía Juana (1839) and San Diego (~1840 & 1842) raided during that period. In 1846, the Mexican–American War began and the United States continued to expand its borders under the doctrine of Manifest Destiny . As the war came to California, the Battle of San Pasqual was fought in the northern areas of modern-day San Diego. In 1848
4884-406: The region. With a population of approximately five million people, the San Diego–Tijuana metropolitan area accounts for 40% of the United States – Mexico border population. The metropolitan area experiences the largest rates of growth in an urban area that stretches from Los Angeles to Tijuana. An analysis of age groups in the region found a relatively older population lives on the San Diegan side of
4958-477: The rise of hotels and overall growth in the city. San Diego–Tijuana urbanity stretches along the coastline from the northernmost city of Oceanside to the southernmost city of Rosarito Beach. The urban area of San Diego–Tijuana is the 72nd largest in the world and 11th largest in North America, with a population of 5,330,000. The highest population densities are located in the San Diego neighborhoods of University City , La Jolla , Mission Valley , Pacific Beach
5032-413: The site of Sony US corporate headquarters. Tourism is a major industry of the region, owing much to the area's mild Mediterranean climate . Tijuana alone is the most visited city in the Western Hemisphere , second only to New York City . 50,000,000 people visit the city each year and about 300,000 visitors cross by foot or car from the San Ysidro point of entry to Tijuana every day. Balboa Park ,
5106-442: The viceroy Juan Francisco de Güemes y Horcasitas. In August 1750, the first flood was documented in the village. In April 1757, Reynosa had it first political conflict, when Escandón dismissed Carlos Cantú as the mayor of the village, replacing him by Pedro de Estrada, second mayor of Reynosa. On 9 July 1757, arrives to the village the captain José Tineda y Cuervo and the engineer Agustín López, both viceroyalty inspectors, to do
5180-446: The war ended with the Fall of Mexico City and boundaries were redrawn which created a border between San Diego and Tijuana, 3 miles (4.8 km) south of San Diego Bay . 1919 saw the implementation of Prohibition and the rapid growth of Tijuana tourism. Americans flocked to the city, which had become a major destination for the Hollywood elite, which led to the construction of the Agua Caliente Tourist Complex which in turn spurred
5254-697: The water, the Intertidal , estuary and kelp forest biomes dominate the aquatic world; home to an equally diverse set of flora and fauna. The cool nutrient-rich waters of the north Pacific are able to provide kelp forests with millions of plankton – the base of the aquatic food chain – due to an upwelling of water from the deep sea in the stormy, winter months. Trees of San Diego–Tijuana included chamise , scrub oak , manzanita , live oak , lodgepole pine , black oak and closed-cone pine forests . Lowland shrubs included California sagebrush , black sage , white sage , California buckwheat , as well as cacti and succulents . Terrestrial mammals included
5328-443: The winter. The Peninsular Ranges assist in containing moisture to the coastal areas and create a rain shadow to the east as they are west-facing mountains. The climate of the area often varies significantly due to the abundance of microclimates characterizing the region. San Diego–Tijuana's topography, bays, coastal hills, mountains, canyons and gorges maintain their own climates while being relatively near to each other. During
5402-435: Was among the top five fastest growing cities in Mexico. The city is about 11 miles (18 km) south of McAllen, Texas . Reynosa has a semi-arid climate ( Köppen climate classification BSh ) with short, mild winters and hot summers. Winters are mild and dry with a January high of 22 °C (72 °F) and a low of 11 °C (52 °F) although temperatures can fall below 10 °C (50 °F). Summers are hot with
5476-694: Was founded and is headquartered in San Diego; Qualcomm is the largest private-sector technology employer (excluding hospitals) in San Diego County. Due to San Diego's military influence, major national defense contractors, such as General Atomics and Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), are or have been headquartered in San Diego. Business districts include the Columbia district of downtown San Diego , downtown Tijuana , Rancho Bernardo , Carmel Valley , Mission Valley , Sorrento Mesa , and University City neighborhoods of San Diego. Notability among business districts extends to Rancho Bernardo,
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