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54-423: The group is constituted by a mixture of Duquesne students from all majors, including pharmacy, business, communications, English, education and more. Membership is open to all students in good academic standing. The Masquers put on a variety of plays throughout the year, annually performing three main-stage plays , generally consisting of one classical, one modern, and one contemporary. One of these main stage plays

108-503: A tip ) is a sum of money customarily given by a customer to certain service sector workers such as hospitality for the service they have performed, in addition to the basic price of the service. Tips and their amount are a matter of social custom and etiquette , and the custom varies between countries and between settings. In some countries, it is customary to tip servers in bars and restaurants, taxi drivers, tattoo artists , hair stylists and so on. However, in some places tipping

162-430: A 10% service charge, which is subject to the 9% Goods & Services Tax . Excess tipping is not practiced and is rarely expected in most instances. Tips may be regarded as an insult or mistaken for illegal bribery. Taxi drivers given a tip will mistake it for overpayment, and return the exact change. In Taiwan , tipping is not customary, but all mid and high end restaurants include a mandatory "10% service charge", which

216-412: A compensation agreement is waiters and waitresses who are paid tips. Studies show however that, in the real world, the size of the tip is only weakly correlated with the quality of the service and other effects dominate. A tronc is an arrangement for the pooling and distribution to employees of tips, gratuities and/or service charges in the hotel and catering trade. The person who distributes monies from

270-526: A custom of inviting a servant to drink a glass in honour of the guest, and paying for it, in order for the guests to show generosity among each other. The term bibalia in Latin was recorded in 1372. The practice of tipping began in Tudor England . In medieval times, tipping was a master-serf custom wherein a servant would receive extra money for having performed superbly well. By the 17th century, it

324-468: A debate about a minimum wage, some people disapprove of tipping and say that it should not substitute for employers paying a good basic wage. But most people in Germany consider tipping to be good manners as well as a way to express gratitude for good service. It is illegal, and rare, to charge a service fee without the customer's consent. However, a tip of about 5% to 10%, depending on the type of service,

378-550: A gratuity. Taxi drivers in Hong Kong may also charge the difference between a fare and a round sum as a "courtesy fee" to avoid making change for larger bills. As a service charge is typically included as part of bills at hotels and restaurants, tipping is generally not practiced in Japan . In addition, Japan has a set of traditions and customs regarding giving money as a gift, so tipping may cause confusion or be considered rude if

432-456: A more generous (10% or more) tip would not be out of place. Tips should always be offered in cash, as credit card terminals don't include a tipping option. Attending a performance in a private theater may be the only case in France where a tip is expected (generally €1), even though it is illegal. Tipping ( Trinkgeld ) is not seen as obligatory. In the case of waiting staff, and in the context of

486-413: A person does leave a tip then it is accepted and appreciated. Tips, when given, usually take the form of rounding up the bill. Tipping is not an obligation, and it is not considered rude not to tip, though workers will be pleased if tipped. Normally in low to medium-end restaurants, the bill is rounded up to the nearest Rs. 100 or 1000 and the change is given as tip either directly to the waiter or left on

540-464: A server, is working for a principal, such as a restaurant owner or manager) and many managers believe that tips provide incentive for greater worker effort. However, studies of the practice in America suggest that tipping is often discriminatory or arbitrary: workers receive different levels of gratuity based on factors such as age, sex, race, hair color and even breast size, and the size of the gratuity

594-407: A sign reading Aufrunden bitte ("round up please") is found in places where tipping is not common (like supermarkets, or clothing retailers). This requests that the bill be rounded up to the nearest €0.10. This is not to tip the staff, but a charity donation (fighting child poverty), and completely voluntary. In Germany, tips are considered as income, but they are tax free according to § 3 Nr. 51 of

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648-425: A tip is generally interpreted as dissatisfaction with the food and/or service. In clubs and café bars, it is common to round up the bill (e.g. to 10 kn if the bill is more than 5 kn, or 100 kn if the bill is 88 kn). Tips are always expected in cash, even when the bill is paid by credit card. If a customer leaves a tip with a credit card, the employee does not receive any of it. It is not common to tip hairdressers, but

702-409: A tip of around 10% of the bill is customary in restaurants; even porters, guides and chauffeurs expect tips. Duty-free alcohol is often used as a type of tip for porters, bellhops and the like, though some people (such as Muslims) can find it offensive. Tipping is not required but often expected, particularly in restaurants where roughly 5% to 10% is common. This depends on the service one received and

756-432: A tronc cannot be counted when assessing whether a wage or salary meets the national minimum wage. Tipping may not be expected when a fee is explicitly charged for the service. A service charge is sometimes added to bills in restaurants and similar establishments. Attempts to hide service charge by obscuring the line on the receipt have been reported. A service charge, or fee assessed, is determined by and paid directly to

810-480: Is a scam. Tips ( drikkepenge , lit. "drinking money") are not required in Denmark since service charges must always be included in the bill by law. Tipping for outstanding service is a matter of choice, but is not expected. In Estonia , tipping ( jootraha, lit. "drinking money" ) is not required and never expected. In Finland , tipping is never expected. Rounding the bill in restaurant, hairsalon or in taxi

864-473: Is an alumni show in which former members of the Red Masquers are invited to participate. Additionally, they perform two sets of One-act plays . In the winter, "One Acts for Charity," which consists of performing professional playwright one-act plays directed by students. In the spring, the company performs "Premieres," which are student-written and student directed plays. The group has also participated in

918-414: Is common at upscale hotels and restaurants but a service charge is usually included in the bill, though the employees rarely get this as part of their wages. In Madagascar , tipping is not expected. In Morocco , tipping is not mandatory, but rounding up the bill and leaving tips at restaurants and cafés, or to the service providers is a standard practice and appreciated. In China , traditionally there

972-416: Is customary. For example, Germans usually tip their waiters. As a rule of thumb, the more personal the service, the more common it is to tip. Payments by card may also include the tip, but the tip is usually paid in cash when the card is handed over. At times, rather than tipping individually, a tipping box is set up. Rounding up the bill in Germany is commonplace, sometimes with the comment stimmt so ("keep

1026-571: Is found to be only tenuously related to the quality of service. According to the Oxford English Dictionary , the word "tip" originated as a slang term and its etymology is unclear. According to the Online Etymology Dictionary , the meaning "give a small present of money" began around 1600, and the meaning "give a gratuity to" is first attested in 1706. The noun in this sense is from 1755. The term in

1080-418: Is no tipping. However, hotels that routinely serve foreign tourists allow tipping, as do tour guides and associated drivers. In cities bordering Hong Kong like Shenzhen , some restaurants and hotels also started to charge gratuity since the 1980s. In Hong Kong , tipping is not typically expected at hotels or restaurant establishments, where a "service charge" of 10% is added to a bill instead of expecting

1134-470: Is not customary in Korean culture , and tipping is not expected in the general service industry. Some people even regard tipping as an inappropriate behaviour. High-end hotels and restaurants often include a service charge of between 10% and 15%, but it is always included in the bill and customers are not expected to leave an additional gratuity for servers. In Singapore , bars and restaurants typically add

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1188-410: Is not expected and may be discouraged or considered insulting. The customary amount of a tip can be a specific range or a certain percentage of the bill based on the perceived quality of the service given. It is illegal to offer tips to some groups of workers, such as U.S. government workers and more widely police officers , as the tips may be regarded as bribery . A fixed percentage service charge

1242-452: Is not fixed and may depend on the customer. Taxis are not provided tips but customer may pay extra to avoid loose change (usual range of 10 to 30 pesos). App based vehicles (Grab etc.) are usually paid tips via app and therefore under the discretion of the customer. There are establishments that strictly implement a "No tipping policy". There are establishments that can accept tips but must be placed in designated tipping containers. Tipping

1296-412: Is not frowned upon. If service is great one can give a tip, usually around 10%. Tips ( pourboires , lit. "for drinking") in France are neither required nor expected, and should only be offered after the customer received outstanding service. Waiters are paid a living wage and do not depend on tips, and cafés and restaurants are required by law to include a service charge (usually 15%) in the menu price; it

1350-615: Is not given to the service staff, but rather considered by Taiwanese law as general revenue, as reported by the Taipei Times in "False Gratuity" on July 9, 2013. In Nepal, tipping is not compulsory, but is commonly practiced in the country's tourist sector, particularly among tour groups and in hotels. Tipping ( bakshish ) in Albania is very much expected almost everywhere. In recent times it has become more common, as many foreigners and Albanians living abroad visit Albania. Leaving

1404-460: Is not usually set out separately on the bill. Tipping is better received in venues accustomed to tourists, but can be treated with disdain in smaller food establishments and those in more rural areas. Should one decide to tip after experiencing excellent service, it is customary to round up to the next Euro for small bills, and up to 5% for larger ones. Anything over 5% is considered very generous. For superior service in higher-end eating establishments,

1458-468: Is perfectly acceptable not to tip at all. It is not customary to leave a tip on the table. According to Czech law, service charge must always be included in the listed price (but tips do not appear in the bill). Some Prague restaurants have been reported to display "Service is not included" signs to persuade foreign tourists to pay more, mimicking the practice in the United States. However, this

1512-416: Is sometimes added to bills in restaurants and similar establishments. Tipping may not be expected when a fee is explicitly charged for the service. Giving a tip is typically irreversible, differentiating it from the reward mechanism of a placed order, which can be refunded. From a theoretical economic point of view, gratuities may solve the principal–agent problem (the situation in which an agent, such as

1566-575: Is usually performed in a proscenium theatre or on a thrust stage . Main stage is also used to describe the performance space with the largest audience capacity at a performing arts festival or other venues. In the 19th and early 20th centuries almost all theatres were built on the proscenium model. With the growth of studio theatres from the 1920s and their increasing adoption by traditional theatres as an ancillary space for smaller productions, theatrical management began to differentiate between its "main theatre" and "studio theatre." The concept of

1620-504: The 2013 Pittsburgh New Works Festival . This United States theatre–related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Pittsburgh -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Main stage Main stage or mainstage refers to the largest or most prestigious space of a theatre building and to the productions performed in that space. Mainstage theatre has been historically distinguished from smaller-scale studio theatre . It

1674-737: The French gratuité (14th century) or directly from Medieval Latin gratuitas , "free gift", probably from earlier Latin gratuitus , "free, freely given". The meaning "money given for favor or services" is first attested in the 1530s. In some languages, the term translates to "drink money" or similar: for example pourboire in French, Trinkgeld in German, drikkepenge in Danish, drinksilver in Middle Scots , and napiwek in Polish. This comes from

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1728-600: The German Income Tax Law. The Hungarian word for tip is borravaló (literally "intended for wine", a loose calque from German : Trinkgeld ) or colloquially baksis (from Persian : بخشش bakhshesh ), often written in English as backsheesh . Tipping is widespread in Hungary; the degree of expectation and the expected amount varies with price, type and quality of service, and also influenced by

1782-490: The Pittsburgh Monologue Project. The Red Masquers celebrated their 100th Season during the 2012-13 School Year. To commemorate this, all of their performances that year were world premieres. Though the Red Masquers have had many homes over the years, they currently perform in a new black box theater built in 2015. The Red Masquers won the "Outstanding Production" Award for "Moon Over Gomorrah" for

1836-401: The bill or 5%-10% of the bill. However, it is gaining popularity and the food delivery apps often nudge the customers to tip the delivery partners. Tipping is not expected for occupations mostly. In Malaysia , tipping is not the norm and is not expected for any service. Instead restaurants can add a service charge of 10% to the bill. In Malaysia the people are familiar with tipping, so if

1890-421: The change"), rather than asking for all the change and leaving the tip afterwards. Or the customer says how much he will pay in total, including the tip: thus if the basic price is €10.50, the customer might, rather generously but not unusually, say zwölf ("twelve"), pay with a €20 note and get €8 in change. When paying a small amount, it is common to round up to the nearest euro (e.g. €1.80 to €2.00). Sometimes

1944-434: The company. The charges may be for services rendered, administrative fees, or processing cost. In the United States, criminal charges were dropped in two separate cases over non-payment of mandatory gratuities. Courts ruled that automatic does not mean mandatory. Some cruise lines charge their patrons US$ 10 per day in mandatory tipping; this does not include extra gratuities for alcoholic beverages. In Nigeria , tipping

1998-446: The main stage is where the currently featured performer will dance as part of a rotation. In most clubs the main stage is a dominant feature of the layout. During each set of one or more songs, the current performer will dance on stage in exchange for tips. Dancers collect tips from customers either while on stage or after the dancer has finished a stage show and is mingling with the audience. A customary tip (where customers can do so at

2052-409: The main theatre became unattractive to those members of the profession working on large-scale events and others who felt that it was a diminishing part of modern theatre. The phrase "main theatre" lacked significance for those institutions that had a single traditional stage only. By the end of the 20th century the term "main stage" was well established as a description of traditional western theatres and

2106-569: The money is given without being placed in a special gift envelope first. Like many other countries in East Asia, Japanese people see tipping as insulting. The Tip Project , a plan to normalise tipping in Japan in 2021, was met with severe backlash from locals who deemed the practice "un-Japanese", and the project was abandoned in early 2023. In India, tipping is not normal in hotels and restaurants, but may be appreciated. Tips can be rounding off

2160-737: The productions performed in them. A music festival is a festival oriented towards music that is sometimes presented with a theme such as musical genre , nationality or locality of musicians, or holiday . They are commonly held outdoors, and are often inclusive of other attractions such as food and merchandise vending machines, performance art , and social activities. Large music festivals such as Lollapalooza are constructed around well known main stage acts and lesser known musicians and bands on side stages . Many festivals are annual, or repeat at some other interval, and have modular staging of many types. Each year Lollapalooza often features multiple acts on its main and side stages. In strip clubs ,

2214-488: The restaurant level (low, medium, high prices). In standard restaurants it is OK to round up to the next euro. Another common setting where tipping is customary is taxis, where bills may be rounded up to the next euro. Even though most people in the service industry are paid a living wage, tips (in Croatian: napojnica , manča ) are quite common. 10% (or more, depending on the service) is expected in restaurants. Absence of

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2268-562: The revenue of selling alcoholic beverages. The resulting financial pressure caused proprietors to welcome tips, as a way of supplementing employee wages. Contrary to popular belief, tipping did not arise because of servers' low wages, because the occupation of waiter (server) was fairly well paid in the era when tipping became institutionalized. Tipping researcher Michael Lynn identifies five motivations for tipping: A 2009 academic paper by Steven Holland calls tipping "an effective mechanism for risk sharing and welfare improvement" which reduces

2322-422: The risk faced by a service customer, because the customer can decide whether or not to tip. Tipping is sometimes given as an example of the principal–agent problem in economics. One example is a restaurant owner who engages servers to act as agents on his behalf. In some cases, "[c]ompensation agreements [can] increase worker effort [...] if compensation is [...] tied to the firm's success" and one example of such

2376-497: The rounding-up method is common for taxi drivers. Tipping ( spropitné , informally dýško or tuzér ) in the Czech Republic , like in Germany and Austria, is optional but polite and very welcome, especially in restaurants, and less often in taxis, hairdressers and similar services. The usual practice is for the customer to round the price to the nearest higher "nice number" so as not to have to handle small coins, and to tell

2430-492: The sense of "to give a gratuity" first appeared in the 18th century. It derived from an earlier sense of tip , meaning "to give; to hand, pass", which originated in the thieves' cant in the 17th century. This sense may have derived from the 16th-century "tip" meaning "to strike or hit smartly but lightly" (which may have derived from the Low German tippen , "to tap"), but this derivation is "very uncertain". The word "tip"

2484-447: The stage) is a dollar bill folded lengthwise and placed in the dancer's garter from the tip rail . The area of the tip rail is equivalent to the apron in traditional theatre. The most common type of strip club main stage is the thrust stage , but the other major forms are also used regularly. Theatre in the round is also a popular form of strip club staging for its main stage. Tip (gratuity) A gratuity (often called

2538-470: The support of the labour movement, which led to the eventual abolition of customary tipping in most European countries. Also, proprietors regarded tips as equivalent to bribing an employee to do something that was otherwise forbidden, such as tipping a waiter to get an extra large portion of food. However, the introduction of Prohibition in the US in 1919 had an enormous impact on hotels and restaurants, who lost

2592-707: The table. In more formal settings, hotels and restaurants add a 10% service charge to the bill, which is paid along with the bill itself. Tipping is not customary in most areas and is not generally expected. In upscale restaurants, if a service charge is added, tipping is not needed nor expected. Among smaller side street restaurants, service charge is usually not included and tip amount may vary from loose changes to not at all (most do not give tips). The customer in this case can give any amount he/she wishes. Fastfood areas (McDonald's, Jollibee, Popeyes, etc.) are not tipping locations and staffs are reluctant to accept money. Hotels bellboys are generally provided tips but amount

2646-557: The tronc is known as the troncmaster. Where a tronc exists in the UK, responsibility for deducting pay-as-you-earn taxes from the distribution may lie with the troncmaster rather than the employer. The word "tronc" has its origins in the French for collecting box. In June 2008, the Employment Appeals Tribunal ruled in a UK test case ( Revenue and Customs Commissioners v Annabel’s (Berkeley Square) Ltd ) that income from

2700-706: The values of an egalitarian, democratic society, as the origins of tipping were premised upon noblesse oblige , which promoted tipping as a means to establish social status to inferiors. Six American states passed laws that made tipping illegal. Enforcement of anti-tipping laws was problematic. The earliest of these laws was passed in 1909 (Washington), and the last of these laws was repealed in 1926 (Mississippi). Some have argued that "The original workers that were not paid anything by their employers were newly freed slaves" and that "This whole concept of not paying them anything and letting them live on tips carried over from slavery." The anti-tipping movement spread to Europe with

2754-401: The waiter does not have to return anything after rounding up (e.g. if the price is 174 CZK and the customer pays with a 200 CZK note), it is customary to say " To je v pořádku " ("Keep the change", literally "That's alright"). A tip of more than 10-15% is more likely to be given in recognition of outstanding service. On the other hand, especially in the case of dissatisfaction with the service, it

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2808-432: The waiter what amount to round the price to. The resulting tip tends to be around 10%, but this is not a hard and fast rule. So, for example, if the waiter says the price is 279 CZK, the customer pays with a 500 CZK note and says: "Three hundred crowns." This means that the waiter should return only 200 CZK and keep 21 CZK as a tip. When paying by card, the tip can either be added to the payment or given separately in cash. If

2862-484: Was expected that overnight guests to private homes would provide sums of money, known as vails, to the host's servants. Soon afterwards, customers began tipping in London coffeehouses and other commercial establishments". The practice was imported from Europe to America in the 1850s and 1860s by Americans who wanted to seem aristocratic. However, until the early 20th century, Americans viewed tipping as inconsistent with

2916-487: Was first used as a verb in 1707 in George Farquhar 's play The Beaux' Stratagem . Farquhar used the term after it had been "used in criminal circles as a word meant to imply the unnecessary and gratuitous gifting of something somewhat taboo, like a joke, or a sure bet , or illicit money exchanges." The etymology for the synonym for tipping, "gratuity", dates back either to the 1520s, from "graciousness", from

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