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54-581: The population centers of Moorhead, Minnesota ; Fargo and Grand Forks, North Dakota ; and Winnipeg, Manitoba , developed in the valley as settlement by ethnic Europeans increased in the late nineteenth century. Completion of major railroads, availability of cheap lands, and forceful removal of Indigenous people as well as a subsequent refusal to recognize Indigenous land claims attracted many new settlers. Some developed large-scale agricultural operations known as bonanza farms , which concentrated on wheat commodity crops. Paleogeographic Lake Agassiz laid down

108-404: A Northern Pacific Railway official and brother-in-law of financier Jay Cooke . The former Moorhead Armory on 5th Street South was the site of the intended concert destination for musicians Buddy Holly , Ritchie Valens , and The Big Bopper before their fatal plane crash a few miles north of Clear Lake, Iowa around 1:00 am Tuesday February 3, 1959. The building was demolished in 1990 and

162-531: A Superior Court and Sheriff (as an officer of the court ), both located in a designated "shire town". Bennington County, Vermont has two shire towns; the court for "North Shire" is in the shire town Manchester , and the Sheriff for the county and court for "South Shire" are in the shire town Bennington. In 2024, Connecticut , which had not defined their counties for anything but statistical, historical and weather warning purposes since 1960, along with ending

216-612: A 3,000 seat outdoor amphitheater that opened in 2009 with a partnership between the Fargo Public Schools, the City of Moorhead, and an arts grant from the state of Minnesota. Bluestem hosts a summer concert series which has drawn many famous bands including Wilco , Goo Goo Dolls , The Beach Boys , and Weezer . The Bluestem Amphitheater is home to Trollwood Performing Arts School, a renowned summer arts and theater program for students of all ages. The Comstock House

270-410: A county seat may be an independent city surrounded by, but not part of, the county of which it is the administrative center; for example, Fairfax City is both the county seat of Fairfax County, Virginia and completely surrounded by Fairfax County, but the city is politically independent of the county. When the county seat is in the independent city, government offices such as the courthouse may be in

324-667: A county was the magistrate , who oversaw both the day-to-day operations of the county as well as civil and criminal cases. The current number of counties mostly resembled that of the later years of the Qing dynasty . Changes of location and names of counties in Chinese history have been a major field of research in Chinese historical geography, especially from the 1960s to the 1980s. There are 1,355 counties in Mainland China out of

378-511: A result, runoff from the southern portion of the valley gradually joins the fresh melt-off waters from northerly areas along the Red River. In the northern part of the Valley, this can result in devastating floods if the effects occur at the same time. Ice Jams: These are also produced because of the northward-flowing river system. Ice is moving from the southern Valley and freshly-broken ice

432-581: A total of 2,851 county-level divisions. In Taiwan , the first counties were first established in 1661 by the Kingdom of Tungning . The later ruler Qing empire inherited this type of administrative divisions. With the increase of Han Chinese population in Taiwan, the number of counties also grew by time. By the end of Qing era, there were 11 counties in Taiwan. Protestant missionaries in China first romanized

486-448: Is a historic house museum , a blend of Queen Anne and Eastlake styles built in 1883. Solomon Comstock was a lawyer and U.S. House Representative. The Hjemkomst Center is a local museum containing a full-scale replica of a Viking ship of the same name. The Hjemkomst vessel was built in nearby Hawley by Moorhead resident Robert Asp, and was sailed from Duluth to Oslo , Norway in 1982 by his children following Asp's death. The ship

540-687: Is a city in and the county seat of Clay County , Minnesota , United States, on the banks of the Red River of the North . Located in the Red River Valley , an extremely fertile and active agricultural region, Moorhead is also home to several corporations and manufacturing industries. Across the river from Fargo, North Dakota , Moorhead forms part of the core of the Fargo–Moorhead ND-MN Metropolitan Area . The population

594-532: Is a dragstrip and drifting race facility southeast of the city of Moorhead, Minnesota. It features a 0.25 mi (0.40 km) dragstrip and concrete drift track. The city has four institutions of higher learning: Concordia College (private Christian liberal arts college), Minnesota State University Moorhead (public university), Minnesota State Community and Technical College (two-year to four-year technical college), and Rasmussen University (a two- to four-year college). The combined student enrollment of these colleges

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648-598: Is a section of Middle Township , an incorporated municipality. In some states, often those that were among the original Thirteen Colonies , county seats include or formerly included "Court House" as part of their name, such as Spotsylvania Courthouse, Virginia . Most counties have only one county seat. However, some counties in Alabama , Arkansas , Georgia , Iowa , Kentucky , Massachusetts , Mississippi , Missouri , New Hampshire , New York , and Vermont have two or more county seats, usually located on opposite sides of

702-544: Is approximately 14,000. K-12 education is provided to over 5,000 students by the Moorhead School District: S.G. Reinertsen Elementary, Robert Asp Elementary, Ellen Hopkins Elementary, Dorothy Dodds Elementary, Horizon Middle School and Moorhead High School . The district is known for its high student achievement with students consistently performing above the national average on the ACT . The district includes

756-547: Is land and 0.007 square miles (0.02 km ) is water. Partly due to its location in the Great Plains , Moorhead has a warm-summer humid continental climate ( Köppen climate classification : Dfb ), with warm, humid summers and cold winters with around 53 inches of snow yearly. According to the 2018–2022 American Community Survey , the racial composition was as follows: As of the 2020 census , there were 44,505 people, 17,063 households, and 10,064 families residing in

810-597: Is located adjacent to the Red River in the Red River Valley . The land around the Fargo–Moorhead area is some of the flattest and richest (for agricultural uses) in the world. This is because it lies on the lake bed of glacial Lake Agassiz , which drained between 9,900 and 11,000 years ago. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 22.290 square miles (57.73 km ), of which 22.283 square miles (57.71 km )

864-648: Is located at 118 5th Street South and is part of the Lake Agassiz Regional Library system . County seat A county seat is an administrative center, seat of government , or capital city of a county or civil parish . The term is in use in five countries: Canada , China , Hungary , Romania , and the United States . An equivalent term, shire town , is used in the U.S. state of Vermont and in several other English-speaking jurisdictions, such as Venezuela . In Canada ,

918-435: Is moving from the central and northern Valley. These two meet steadily; as a result, ice concentration in this system builds and causes delay of water flow. Glacial Lake Plain: The floor of Glacial Lake Agassiz is one of the flattest expanses of land in the world. Here, the Red River has cut a shallow, winding valley. As a result of this, when the river floods on this plain, a devastating event can occur. The areal coverage of

972-690: Is now permanently housed in the center. The Clay County Museum and Archives, operated by the Clay County Historical Society, interprets the history of Clay County in a free museum in the lower level of the Hjemkomst Center. The Society has more than 30,000 artifacts in their collection, one of the largest and most important historic collections in Minnesota outside of the Minneapolis-St. Paul area. Located on

1026-454: Is now the site of Ecumen Evergreens, a senior living property. Moorhead is home to the first Dairy Queen to sell Dilly Bars. The Moorhead Dairy Queen is also one of only a few Dairy Queens operating on a contract signed in 1949, which allows it to feature products not approved by corporate headquarters. An example includes a chipper sandwich, vanilla ice cream sandwiched between two chocolate chip cookies and dipped in chocolate. Moorhead

1080-529: The Métis , descendants of these Frenchmen and Cree tribes people (in addition to other First Nations peoples), settled in the Red River valley. The Métis established an ethnicity and culture, as many continued a tradition as hunters and traders involved in the fur trade. They were also farmers in this area. The British took over French territory east of the Mississippi River following its victory in

1134-738: The Pacific Ocean in 1846 under the Oregon Treaty .) The land acquired under the treaty had an area of 29,066,880 acres (117,629.5 km), comprising 1.3 percent of total U.S. land area. Centered on the Red River of the North , these lands had previously been under the control of Great Britain . West of the Red River Valley, the territory of the Louisiana Purchase , which the US acquired from France, extends north of

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1188-752: The People's Republic of China . Xian have existed since the Warring States period and were set up nationwide by the Qin dynasty . The number of counties in China proper gradually increased from dynasty to dynasty. As Qin Shi Huang reorganized the counties after his unification, there were about 1,000. Under the Eastern Han dynasty , the number of counties increased to above 1,000. About 1400 existed when

1242-599: The Seven Years' War . In the early 19th century, the lucrative fur trade attracted continuing interest, and Lord Selkirk established the Red River Colony . In 1803 the United States acquired former French territory west of the Mississippi River in the Louisiana Purchase from France. This included some of the Red River Valley. The U.S. government uses the term Red River Valley generally to describe

1296-542: The Sui dynasty abolished the commandery level (郡 jùn), which was the level just above counties, and demoted some commanderies to counties. In Imperial China, the county was a significant administrative unit because it marked the lowest level of the imperial bureaucratic structure; in other words, it was the lowest level that the government reached. Government below the county level was often undertaken through informal non-bureaucratic means, varying between dynasties. The head of

1350-460: The United States , a county is an administrative or political subdivision of a state that consists of a geographic area with specific boundaries and usually some level of governmental authority. The city, town, or populated place that houses county government is known as the seat of its county. Generally, the county legislature, county courthouse, sheriff's department headquarters, hall of records, jail and correctional facility are located in

1404-411: The provinces of Ontario , Quebec , New Brunswick , Prince Edward Island , and Nova Scotia have counties as an administrative division of government below the provincial level, and thus county seats. In the provinces of Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia the term "shire town" is used in place of county seat. County seats in China are the administrative centers of the counties in

1458-552: The 49th parallel. The US ceded this to Britain in exchange for gaining the Red River Valley. These northernmost parts of the Louisiana Purchase are one of the few North American territories ever ceded by the United States to a foreign power. Four factors make the Red River Valley prone to flooding (the factors are related to physical geography ): Synchrony of Discharge with Spring Thaw: The Red River flows northward. The spring thaw also proceeds gradually northward. As

1512-476: The Red River Valley Silts. The river flows north through a wide ancient lake plain to Lake Winnipeg . The geography and seasonal conditions can produce devastating floods, with several recorded since the mid-20th century. The valley was long an area of habitation by various indigenous cultures, including the historic Ojibwe and Métis peoples. The Métis Nation, which originated largely in

1566-614: The Red River Valley and organized politically in the 19th century, radiating outwards from the Red River Settlement (now Winnipeg ). Descendants of this community are known as the Red River Métis. French fur traders had relations with First Nations and Native Americans throughout the Great Lakes region. They often lived with the tribes and married or had relations with native women. By the mid-17th century,

1620-424: The Red River averages 5 inches per mile of length. In the region of Drayton-Pembina, the gradient is only 1.5 inches per mile. The water tends to pool in this area during flood season. The region can become a massive, shallow lake. 49°00′N 97°30′W  /  49.000°N 97.500°W  / 49.000; -97.500 Moorhead, Minnesota Moorhead ( / ˈ m ɔːr h ɛ d / MOR -hed )

1674-572: The age of 18, 6.8% were under 5 years of age, and 12.4% were 65 and older. As of the 2010 census , there were 38,065 people, 14,304 households, and 8,372 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,922.3 inhabitants per square mile (742.2/km ). There were 15,274 housing units at an average density of 771.4 per square mile (297.8/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 90.7% White , 2.0% African American , 1.5% Native American , 2.0% Asian , 1.1% from other races , and 2.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.1% of

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1728-442: The area, but Moorhead is also home to notable corporate, manufacturing and distribution industries, including American Crystal Sugar (corporate headquarters and sugar beet processing), Busch Agricultural Resources (malt manufacturing) and Pactiv (container manufacturing). The unemployment rate is consistently below the national average and property values are stable. According to the City's 2023 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report,

1782-404: The average family size was 3.04. In the city, the population was spread out, with 22.7% under the age of 18, 23.1% from 18 to 24, 24.2% from 25 to 44, 17.2% from 45 to 64, and 12.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.3 males. The median income for a household in the city

1836-721: The cities of Moorhead, Georgetown , Kragnes , and Sabin . The city includes the Red River Area Learning Center and the Probstfield Center for Education. Park Christian School is a private Christian school in Moorhead providing a K–12 education as well as St. Joseph's, a Catholic elementary school. The former Moorhead Public Library, built in 1906, was located at 102 6th Street South was paid for by Andrew Carnegie and designed by architect Milton Earl Beebe . The current Moorhead Public Library

1890-822: The city is served with public transit by MATBUS . Interstate 94 and U.S. Highways 10 , 52 ( concurrent with I-94), and 75 are four of the main roadways in the city. Other nearby routes in the Fargo–Moorhead area include Interstate 29 and Minnesota State Highway 336 . Roman Catholic Evangelical Lutheran in America Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod Lutheran Brethren Baptist Episcopal Evangelical Free United Church of Christ United Methodist Presbyterian Restorationism Apostolic Seventh-Day Adventist Other denominations Agriculture remains prominent in

1944-411: The city. The population density was 1,998.7 inhabitants per square mile (771.7/km ). There were 18,348 housing units. The racial makeup of the city was 81.6% White , 6.7% African American , 2.1% Native American , 1.6% Asian , 0.0% Pacific Islander , 1.6% from some other races and 6.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.3% of the population. 23.1% of residents were under

1998-432: The county seat is the entire county. Ellicott City , the county seat of Howard County, Maryland , is the largest unincorporated county seat in the United States, followed by Towson , the county seat of Baltimore County, Maryland . Likewise, some county seats may not be incorporated in their own right, but are located within incorporated municipalities. For example, Cape May Court House, New Jersey , though unincorporated,

2052-491: The county seat, though some functions (such as highway maintenance, which usually requires a large garage for vehicles, along with asphalt and salt storage facilities) may also be located or conducted in other parts of the county, especially if it is geographically large. A county seat is usually an incorporated municipality . The exceptions include the county seats of counties that have no incorporated municipalities within their borders, such as Arlington County, Virginia , where

2106-420: The county. Examples include Harrison County, Mississippi , which has both Biloxi and Gulfport as county seats, and Hinds County, Mississippi , which has both Raymond and the state capital of Jackson . The practice of multiple county seat towns dates from the days when travel was difficult. There have been few efforts to eliminate the two-seat arrangement, since a county seat is a source of civic pride for

2160-556: The following: As of the 2000 census , there were 32,177 people, 11,660 households, and 7,030 families living in the city. The population density was 2,394.3 inhabitants per square mile (924.4/km ). There were 12,180 housing units at an average density of 906.3 inhabitants per square mile (349.9/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 92.08% White , 0.77% African American , 1.94% Native American , 1.27% Asian , 0.04% Pacific Islander , 2.10% from other races , and 1.79% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.47% of

2214-747: The grounds of the Hjemkomst Center is a stave church . The traditional Norwegian -style church serves as a symbol of the Norwegian heritage in the Red River Valley. The church is a full-scale replica of the Hopperstad Stave Church in Vik, Norway . The Fargo-Moorhead RedHawks is an independent professional baseball team that plays at Newman Outdoor Field in Fargo. They are part of the American Association . Interstate Raceway

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2268-625: The independent city under an agreement, such as in Albemarle , or may in be enclaves of the county surrounded by the independent city, such as in Fairfax . Others, such as Prince William , have the courthouse in an enclave surrounded by the independent city and have the county government, the Board of Supervisors, in a different part of the county, far from the county seat. The following counties have their county seat in an independent city: Bedford

2322-550: The largest employers in the city are: The Rourke Art Gallery and the Rourke Art Museum are native Moorhead cultural institutions hosting the annual Midwestern Invitational Exhibition. The museum displays an important art collection from local, regional and national artists. The Rourke Museum is housed in the historic Moorhead Post Office building. The city is also home to the Bluestem Amphitheater ,

2376-409: The population. There were 11,660 households, out of which 31.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.3% were married couples living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.7% were non-families. 29.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and

2430-441: The population. There were 14,304 households, of which 29.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.5% were married couples living together, 10.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 41.5% were non-families. 29.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

2484-550: The sections of northwestern Minnesota and eastern North Dakota to which it secured title following the Anglo-American Convention of 1818 that settled the northern boundary of the US and Canada. This land became part as the second article of the 1818 treaty declared the 49th parallel to be the official border between the U.S. and Canada up to the Rocky Mountains . (This borderline was extended to

2538-777: The state's area, has no borough government or borough seat. One borough, the Lake and Peninsula Borough , has its borough seat located in another borough, namely King Salmon in Bristol Bay Borough . In Louisiana , which is divided into parishes rather than counties, county seats are referred to as "parish seats". In New England , counties have served mainly as dividing lines for the states' judicial systems. Rhode Island has no county level of government and thus no county seats, and Massachusetts has dissolved many but not all of its county governments. In Vermont , Massachusetts , and Maine county government consists only of

2592-580: The term as hien . When Taiwan became a Japanese colony in 1895, the hierarchy of divisions also incorporated into the Japanese system in the period when Taiwan was under Japanese rule. By September 1945, Taiwan was divided into 8 prefectures ( 州 and 廳 ), which remained after the Republic of China took over. There are 13 county seats in Taiwan, which function as county-administered cities , urban townships , or rural townships . In most of

2646-416: The towns involved, along with providing employment opportunities. There are 33 counties with multiple county seats in 11 states: Alaska is divided into boroughs rather than counties; the county seat in these case is referred to as the "borough seat"; this includes six consolidated city-borough governments (one of which is styled as a "municipality"). The Unorganized Borough, Alaska , which covers 49% of

2700-544: The use of county seats in particular, will fully transition with the permission of the United States Census Bureau to a system of councils of government for the purposes of boundary definition and as county equivalents. Two counties in South Dakota , Oglala Lakota and Todd , have their county seat and government services centered in a neighboring county. Their county-level services are provided by Fall River County and Tripp County , respectively. In Virginia ,

2754-529: The waters can become dramatic. Being approximately 9,300 years old, the Red River has not yet carved a large valley-floodplain systems on the surrounding geography. Thus, the large lake plain becomes the floodplain to the Red River. The Lake Agassiz glacial lake plain extends around 100 miles from east to west, end to end, between northeastern North Dakota and northwestern Minnesota. Decrease in Gradient Downstream: The gradient, or slope, of

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2808-472: Was $ 34,781, and the median income for a family was $ 49,118. Males had a median income of $ 33,137 versus $ 23,717 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 17,150. About 8.2% of families and 16.3% of the population were below the poverty line , including 14.9% of those under age 18 and 6.4% of those age 65 or over. Moorhead has multiple transportation options available to residents with intercity buses, trains and air travel available in Fargo. Locally,

2862-427: Was 2.41 and the average family size was 2.97. The median age in the city was 28.3 years. 20.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 23.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.4% were from 25 to 44; 20.5% were from 45 to 64; and 11.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.4% male and 51.6% female. According to the 2006–2008 American Community Survey, the top ten European ancestries were

2916-495: Was 44,505 at the 2020 census . Moorhead is notably a hub of higher education in Minnesota, home to Minnesota State University Moorhead , Concordia College , and a campus of Minnesota State Community and Technical College . Platted in 1871, the city was named for William Galloway Moorhead, an official of the Northern Pacific Railway . The city was platted in 1871 and named for William Galloway Moorhead,

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