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58-511: It quickly outgrew the Richmond premises and relocated to Stoke Newington , then to Stamford Hill in 1846. It immediately began fundraising for a new home. The funds for the site were raised by 1853. At long last … we have purchased an estate three miles from Croydon on the trunk line of the Dover and Brighton Railway. It is paid for (the cost was £3,895). We shall put our Asylum on the crown of

116-526: A London parish), is Abney Park Cemetery , one of the most splendid and enlightened Victorian London cemeteries. It is the main London burial ground for 19th-century nonconformist ministers and William Booth , founder of the Salvation Army , is buried here. It is now a nature reserve. Abney Park was scheduled in 2009 as one of Britain's historic parks and gardens at risk from neglect and decay. Across

174-524: A crowded shelter at Coronation Avenue off the high street received a direct hit. The memorial to all the residents of the Borough who died in the air raids, including local Jewish people, can be seen in Abney Park Cemetery . Like Hackney, Stoke Newington avoided most of the later V-weapon attacks, which fell disproportionately on South London; seven V-1s and two V-2s hit the borough. Most of

232-576: A few miles from the city of London, frequently visited by wayfarers as a pit stop before journeying north, Stoke Newington High Street being part of the Cambridge road (A10). At this date the whole manor was owned by St. Paul's Cathedral and yielded a small income, enough to support part of their work. During the 17th century the Cathedral sold the Manor to William Patten, who became the first Lord of

290-558: A growing population, while the Civil Parishes continued to be based on the Ancient Parish areas. The Metropolis Management Act 1855 merged the Civil Parishes of Hackney and Stoke Newington into a new Hackney District . This proved very unpopular, especially in more affluent Stoke Newington , and after four unsuccessful attempts the two parishes regained their independence when they were separated by mutual consent under

348-561: A home to many water birds and a population of terrapins . These lakes—purportedly the remains of clay pits dug for the bricks used in the building of Clissold House—are all that is left to mark the course of the Hackney Brook , one of London's lost rivers, which once flowed from west to east across Stoke Newington on its way to the River Lea . In flood at this point, the brook was known to span 10 metres. The two lakes are not fed from

406-495: A letter. The bomb bounced off his chimney and went through his roof, starting a fire on the upper storey. Mr Lovell, his wife, children and houseguests managed to escape the building, but the raid killed seven, including four children, in other parts of London, outraging public opinion. East London was at particular risk at this time, due to the Kaiser's order, later rescinded, that the raiders limit their attacks to targets east of

464-504: A name change in 1937 ) and Stoke Newington Road (meaning the road to the hamlet of Stoke Newington) further south. These boundaries included the sites of the small hamlet of Stoke Newington and part of Newington Green , but excluded the open space known since the early 20th century as Stoke Newington Common (originally Cockhangar Green). Stoke Newington railway station was built close to, but just outside, this area. More recently, many have come to see Stoke Newington as extending east of

522-464: A name change in 1937 ) as its own western boundary. The core of the area lies between the A10 and the railway, but the area as a whole arguably extends further to the north-east. The largest open space in the area is Stoke Newington Common at 2.15 hectares. Originally known as Cockhangar Green it took its current name in the twentieth century. West Hackney Recreation Ground is one hectare in extent and

580-455: A sub-division of the wider Ancient Parish of Hackney . Both the ward and the ecclesiastical parish have used the A10 as the western boundary. Despite these uses, it has never been an administrative unit in its own right, so lacks formal definition, except in that it has always taken Hackney's western boundary, the originally Roman A10 (in this area named Stoke Newington Road and Stoke Newington High Street - originally High Street , until

638-413: A towering Scottish castle. To the south of these facilities is Clissold Park , which contains a small menagerie, aviary and Clissold Mansion, a Grade II listed building , built in the 1790s for Jonathan Hoare, a local Quaker and brother of Samuel Hoare . East from here and past the two Church of England parish churches, both called St Mary's (Stoke Newington decided to retain the old one , unusual in

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696-465: Is run from the former lodge building of the orphanage. Stoke Newington Stoke Newington is an area in the northwest part of the London Borough of Hackney , England. The area is five miles (eight kilometres) northeast of Charing Cross . The Manor of Stoke Newington gave its name to Stoke Newington , the ancient parish. The historic core on Stoke Newington Church Street retains

754-497: The Ancient Parish's boundaries, including the eastern boundary, which followed the A10 road, though there were minor rationalisations, notably the transfer of areas of Hornsey . Stoke Newington's northern and western boundaries have become the north-west borders of the modern London Borough. The eastern boundary was formed by the A10 road, where it goes by the name Stoke Newington High Street (originally High Street , until

812-501: The British Royal Family , replicated as a mural on the building. By 2009 it had become a tourist attraction, but Hackney Council wanted to remove all graffiti from the area and tried to contact the building owner to gain her agreement to remove the artwork. Unable to reach her due to incorrect Land Registry records, they started painting over the artwork with black paint. They were stopped after they had partly covered

870-573: The Metropolitan Borough of Stoke Newington by J. Reginald Truelove. During World War II, much of the area was damaged in the Blitz and many were made homeless, although the level of destruction was much lower than in areas of East London further south, such as Stepney , Shoreditch or even next-door Hackney. The death toll was also relatively low: almost three-quarters of civilian deaths were due to one incident on 13 October 1940, when

928-672: The New River Head in Finsbury , but since 1946 its main flow has ended at Stoke Newington reservoirs. The river bank, the New River Path , can be walked for some distance to the north through Haringey and on to its source near Hertford . Stoke Newington East and West Reservoirs were constructed in 1833 to hold water prior to treatment in the New River Company's filter beds on the other side of Green Lanes, in

986-571: The Ossulstone hundred of the county of Middlesex . Domesday also records that the Manor was held by St Paul's both before and after the Norman Conquest. Stoke Newington was a Prebendary Manor , providing an income to the work of the cathedral. The Ancient Parish of Stoke Newington was established to serve the area of the Manor with which it was coterminous and, like other parishes, would have had its boundaries permanently fixed by

1044-596: The Tower of London - and had done even before the creation of the Division. The Ancient Parishes provided a framework for both civil (administrative) and ecclesiastical (church) functions, but during the nineteenth century there was a divergence into distinct civil and ecclesiastical parish systems. In London the Ecclesiastical Parishes sub-divided to better serve the needs of a growing population, while

1102-447: The older parish church (also St. Mary's), which survives on the opposite side of Church Street. St Mary's Lodge on Lordship Road, the 1843 home of architect and district surveyor John Young , is the last-surviving (though now ruined and derelict) of several grand detached houses built in the area around that time for well-off members of the new commuter class. Gibson Gardens , an early example of quality tenement buildings erected for

1160-562: The 1180s, even if the underlying Manor's boundaries changed (though manor boundaries were generally stable at that date). From the Tudor period, parishes were obliged to take on a civil as well as ecclesiastical role, with the administration of the new Poor Law of 1601 . In the 17th century, the Ossulstone Hundred was subdivided, with the parish of Stoke Newington, on the west side of Stoke Newington High Street, becoming part of

1218-504: The A10 to overlap the AP \ MB of Hackney to include West Hackney , an ill-defined area of the N16 postal area that includes Stoke Newington railway station , Rectory Road railway station and Stoke Newington Common . As a consequence Stoke Newington, like nearby Stamford Hill , has become closely associated with the N16 postcode, though a significant part of western Stoke Newington is covered by

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1276-530: The Civil Parishes continued to be based on the same Ancient Parish areas. Under the London Government Act 1899 , Hackney became a Metropolitan Borough , with the same boundaries as the pre-existing Civil Parish, with minor rationalisations in places to reflect modern street patterns rather than historic field boundaries and other features. There was a West Hackney electoral ward within that Borough. The Ecclesiastical Parish (EP) of West Hackney

1334-592: The Hill. The orphanage in Purley, Surrey was opened in 1858 with a capacity of 300. When Andrew Reed died in 1862 the asylum's name was changed to Reedham in his honour. The orphanage included a school for the children and a non-sectarian church which was added in 1879. When the local railway station opened in 1911 it took the Reedham name. The school was evacuated to Nottingham from July 1944 to June 1945. The home

1392-404: The Manor . His initials 'WP' and the motto 'ab alto' can be seen inscribed above the doorway of the old church next to Clissold Park . A century later, it passed to Lady Mary Abney who drew up the first detailed maps of field boundaries and began to lay out a manorial parkland behind today's fire station on Church Street , with the aid of her daughters and Dr Isaac Watts . During the course of

1450-533: The Metropolis Management (Plumstead and Hackney) Act of 1893. The London Government Act 1899 converted the parishes into Metropolitan Boroughs based on the same boundaries, sometimes with mergers or minor boundary rationalisations. Stoke Newington was smaller than desired for new boroughs, and there were proposals to re-merge it with Hackney, or to detach Hackney's northern part and join it with Stoke Newington. These proposals were rejected due to

1508-474: The Middle Ages . Unlike many London districts, such as nearby Stamford Hill and Dalston , Stoke Newington has longstanding fixed boundaries; but to many, the informal perception of Stoke Newington has blurred over time, to stretch east of the originally Roman A10 to overlap areas of the former Ancient Parish and subsequent Metropolitan Borough of Hackney . The Metropolitan Borough largely adopted

1566-629: The N4 postcode district. The Manor (estate) of Stoke Newington was part of a huge block of land around London held by the Diocese of London. This broad area comprised many estates, stretching from the Manor of Stepney in the east (of which neighbouring Hackney was a part), to Willesden in the west and Hornsey in the north. The Manor is recorded, as Neutone , in the Domesday Book of 1086, as part of

1624-719: The Stoke Newington Business Association and launched "See you in Stokey", a website dedicated to the area with event listings, articles, and area guides. In the north of the district is the extensive West Reservoir, now a non-working facility, but open for leisure and surrounded by green space. At the entrance is the Castle Climbing Centre, once the main Water Board pumping station. William Chadwell Mylne designed it to resemble

1682-813: The Tower of London. An attack by Captain Lanoe Hawker of the Royal Flying Corps destroyed LZ 38 on the ground, at its base in Belgium a week later, but airship raids on London continued until 1917, with attacks from Gotha bombers in 1917-18 . West Hackney church was destroyed by enemy action in September 1940, during The Blitz . The remains were cleared away and replaced by a modern building, rededicated to St Paul, in 1960. Jack ‘the Hat’ McVitie

1740-505: The area now known as Brownswood Park. Water is now sent from here to the Lee Valley Reservoir Chain for treatment. The West Reservoir is now a leisure facility, offering sailing, canoeing and other water sports, plus Royal Yachting Association -approved sailing courses. On its western edge stands the former filter house, now set out as a visitor centre with a café; some of the old hydraulic machinery can be viewed in

1798-627: The area) were convicted of two IRA bombings and had substantial links to lorry bombs in the 1990s. Both were arrested, firing at officers in Walford Road and later sentenced to 30 years' imprisonment. Muktar Said Ibrahim was convicted, as the ringleader, on an indictment of conspiracy to murder. He planted a failed bomb on a 26 bus that misfired on the Hackney Road on 21 July 2005 . In February 2005, police had sought Ibrahim on an arrest warrant for an outstanding public order offence. After

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1856-787: The attack, he was seen on the run in Farleigh Road and arrested in Dalgrano Gardens. He was sentenced to life imprisonment, to serve a minimum of 40 years before being considered for release. These days, Stoke Newington is very multicultural, with large Asian , Irish , Turkish , Jewish and Afro-Caribbean communities. The area continues to be home to many new and emerging communities, such as Polish and Somali immigrants. Stoke Newington has undergone major gentrification , as have neighbouring Newington Green , Canonbury and Dalston . Church Street includes many independent shops, pubs, bars and cafes. In 2022 traders formed

1914-537: The brook, which has disappeared into the maze of sewers under London, but from the mains supply. At the time of the 2011 census, there were 13,658 residents in Stoke Newington Central ward. Of these, 63.1% were White (44.9% British, 15.2% Other, 2.9% Irish and Gypsy or Irish Traveller, 0.1%). 16.6% was Black (7.3% Caribbean, 6.2% African, 3.1% Other) and 9.9% was Asian (4.2% Indian, 1.3% Pakistani, 1.6% Bangladeshi, 0.8% Chinese and 2% Other). 33.8% of

1972-438: The century, given its proximity to the city a number of Quaker and nonconformist families became settled in the area. During the early 19th century, as London expanded, the Manor of Stoke Newington was "enfranchised" to be sold in parcels as freehold land for building purposes. Gradually the village became absorbed into London's seamless expansion. It was no longer a separate village by the mid- to late 19th century. Being on

2030-478: The distinct London village character that led Nikolaus Pevsner to write in 1953 that he found it hard to see the district as being in London at all. The modern London Borough of Hackney was formed in 1965 by the merger of three former Metropolitan Boroughs , Hackney and the smaller authorities of Stoke Newington and Shoreditch . These Metropolitan Boroughs had existed since 1899 but their names and boundaries were very closely based on parishes dating back to

2088-498: The experience of "intolerable and interminable feuds" between the districts when they were previously "forced together" , and because Parliament recognised that there was "great ill-feeling and mutual ill-will... between the inhabitants of the two districts" . Stoke Newington was permitted to become an independent Borough, and most of South Hornsey (also a part of the Finsbury Division was transferred to it to increase

2146-522: The first assault on the capital by a foreign power since 1066. At that time William the Conqueror ravaged Southwark , then crossed the river upstream and ravaged much of the countryside around London in the days after that followed, with the area along Ermine Street (the A10) (including West Hackney) believed to have been badly affected. The householder, Albert Lovell, had just returned home from posting

2204-399: The high street to the east is the fragmented Stoke Newington Common , which has had an extensive and diverse programme of tree planting. From the 16th century onwards, Stoke Newington has played a prominent role in assuring a water supply to sustain London's rapid growth. The artificial New River runs through the area and still makes a contribution to London's water. It used to terminate at

2262-516: The historic buildings at the heart of Stoke Newington survived, at least in a reparable state. Two notable exceptions are the classically grand parish church of West Hackney, St James's, on Stoke Newington Road, which dated to 1824, and St Faith's , a Victorian Gothic church by William Burges . Both were so severely damaged, the former in the October 1940 bombing, and the latter by a flying bomb in 1944, that they were entirely demolished. St James's

2320-475: The housing of 'the industrious classes', was built off Stoke Newington High Street in 1880 and still stands. As a late Victorian and Edwardian suburb, Stoke Newington prospered, and continued in relative affluence and civic pride with its own municipal government until changes brought about by the Second World War. Between 1935 and 1937, the curved brick and Portland stone Town Hall was built for

2378-554: The main hall. The pumping station at the reservoir gates, converted to a climbing centre in 1995 was designed in a distinctive castellated style by Robert Billings under the supervision of William Chadwell Mylne and built in 1854–56. The site is still used as a pumping station for the Thames Water Ring Main . Besides the water board facilities and the New River , Clissold Park contains two large ornamental lakes,

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2436-479: The mid-19th century, Stoke Newington had "the largest concentration of Quakers in London", including many who had moved up the A10 from Gracechurch Street meeting house in the city. A meeting house was built in Park Street (now Yoakley Road) by William Alderson , who later designed Hanwell Pauper and Lunatic Asylum . The Anglican St Mary's Church , designed by Sir George Gilbert Scott in 1854–58, replaced

2494-486: The mural. West Hackney West Hackney is a district in the London Borough of Hackney , situated on the eastern side of Ermine Street , the major Roman Road better known as the A10 . The area was part of the Ancient Parish and subsequent Metropolitan Borough of Hackney, but has come to be seen by many as an informal extension of Stoke Newington , as well as a sub-district of Hackney proper . Rectory Road ,

2552-403: The new Finsbury division and the parish of Hackney to the east becoming part of the Tower division . The Ancient Parishes provided a framework for both civil (administrative) and ecclesiastical (church) functions, but during the 19th century there was a divergence into distinct civil and ecclesiastical parish systems. In London the Ecclesiastical Parishes subdivided to better serve the needs of

2610-671: The new authority's size. Parts of South Hornsey had previously been exclaves that separated southern Stoke Newington from the rest of the area. The Finsbury Division was abolished. Stoke Newington lost its independence in 1965, when it merged with the Metropolitan Boroughs of Hackney and Shoreditch to form the new London Borough of Hackney . Stoke Newington is part of the Hackney North and Stoke Newington constituency , which has been represented by Labour MP Diane Abbott since 1987. Stoke Newington, or 'new town in

2668-480: The outskirts at this time, many expensive and large houses were built to house London's expanding population of nouveau riche whose journey to London's commercial heart the birth of the railways and the first omnibuses made possible. The latter were introduced into central London in the 1820s by George Shillibeer after his successful trial of the world's first school bus for William Allen and Susanna Corder 's novel Quaker school, Newington Academy for Girls . By

2726-648: The principal railway station, lies 4.3 miles (6.9 km) northeast of Charing Cross . The part of Hackney included the hamlet of Newington – entirely distinct from Stoke Newington – which lay between the Roman Road (now known as the A10) and the Common . The hamlet has now been absorbed into the wider urbanised area. Newington was first recorded in the 1200s and was traditionally one of four Hackney hamlets (together with Dalston , Kingsland and Shacklewell ) which were together rated as having, for taxation purposes,

2784-547: The same number of houses as the main 'Hackney Village' . The increasing population of the area saw it gain a chapel of ease in 1814, the church of St. James, designed by Robert Smirke in the Greek Doric style. The 1825 creation of the ecclesiastical parish of West Hackney saw St James elevated to the status of parish church. The first bomb of the first air raid on London, a 190lb incendiary, fell on 16 Alkham Road on 31 May 1915. The German Army airship LZ 38 had begun

2842-403: The ward were Christian, 11.1% Muslim, 3.2% Jewish, 39% had no religion and 10% did not state their religion. Stoke Newington contains only one Grade I listed building ( St Matthias Church ), and several Grade II* and Grade II buildings. There are many Grade II listed properties on Stoke Newington Church Street, the historical heart of the district, and two other notable residential streets to

2900-401: The west of the district, Albion Road and Clissold Road, are replete with listed properties. Close to the local pub The Lion, local resident and property owner Sofie Attrill gave consent for pop group Blur to create some publicity for their 2003 single " Crazy Beat ". The album's cover and single artwork were undertaken by graffiti artist Banksy , with the single featuring a spoof image of

2958-524: The wood', has been lightly settled for hundreds of years, close to larger neighbouring Saxon settlements near the River Lea . In the 19th century it was discovered that Stoke Newington Common and Abney Park Cemetery had been part of a Neolithic working area for axe-making, some examples of which can be seen in the Museum of London . In the Middle Ages and Tudor times, it was a very small village

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3016-592: Was based for many centuries on the Ancient Parish of Hackney . Parishes in Middlesex were grouped into Hundreds , with Hackney part of Ossulstone Hundred. Rapid Population growth around London saw the Hundred split into several 'Divisions' during the 1600s, with Hackney part of the Tower Division (aka Tower Hamlets) . The Tower Division was noteworthy in that the men of the area owed military service to

3074-531: Was closed in 1980 and sold for redevelopment. The proceeds established the Reedham Trust. The Purley site is now occupied by a housing estate adjacent to St Nicholas School and Beaumont Primary School. The Trust fulfills the original intent of the asylum by funding a boarding school education for children who through loss or incapacity of their parents, need to attend a boarding school. Their focus "is on boarding need rather than educational need". The trust

3132-475: Was formed as a sub-division of the Ancient Parish. It merged with the EP of Shacklewell (also a part of Hackney) in 1958 to form the EP of West Hackney St Barnabas. In 1965, Hackney merged with Shoreditch and Stoke Newington to form the new London Borough of Hackney . There was formerly a West Hackney electoral ward in the Metropolitan Borough of Hackney , and there is an ecclesiastical parish of West Hackney,

3190-419: Was killed at Evering Road by gangsters Ronnie and Reggie Kray . The murder was a significant factor in their subsequent downfall and imprisonment. West Hackney has never been a civil administrative unit in its own right; it has always been an area of Hackney . Hackney was an administrative unit with consistent boundaries from the early Middle Ages to the creation of the larger modern borough in 1965. Hackney

3248-486: Was originally the burial ground for St James's church (replaced, after bombing, by St Paul's church). West Hackney is served by two railway stations; Rectory Road and Stoke Newington , the latter lying on the ill-defined borders Stoke Newington , West Hackney and Stamford Hill . Marc Feld, better known as Marc Bolan was born at the Eastern Fever Hospital and for his first fifteen years lived in

3306-604: Was planned by Frederick Gibberd , the designer of Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral . Communist Party meetings were held in the Town Hall in the postwar years. From the 1970s onwards the area has experienced, or been associated with, a number of terrorist acts. The 'Stoke Newington 8' were arrested on 20 August 1971 at 359 Amhurst Road for suspected involvement in The Angry Brigade bombings. Stoke Newington residents Patrick Hayes and Jan Taylor (not originally from

3364-483: Was replaced after the war by a much more modest structure, St Paul's, which is set well back from the street. Traces of the old church's stonework can still be seen facing Stoke Newington Road. During the war, much residential housing was destroyed, and in the aftermath much was demolished, being considered beyond economic repair. Postwar redevelopment has replaced many of these areas with large estates, some more successful than others. Much of this residential redevelopment

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