157-555: (Redirected from Renderman ) The name RenderMan can cause confusion because it has been used to refer to different things developed by Pixar Animation Studios : RenderMan Interface Specification (RISpec), an open API (technical specification) developed by Pixar for a standard communications protocol (or interface) between 3D computer graphics programs and rendering programs to describe three-dimensional scenes and turn them into digital photorealistic images RenderMan Shading Language ,
314-519: A 10- to 15-percent distribution fee. The two companies attempted to reach a new agreement for ten months and failed on January 26, 2001, July 26, 2002, April 22, 2003, January 16, 2004, July 22, 2004, and January 14, 2005. The proposed distribution deal meant Pixar would control production and own the resulting story, character, and sequel rights, while Disney would own the right of first refusal to distribute any sequels. Pixar also wanted to finance its own films and collect 100 percent profit, paying Disney
471-437: A 12-year old Riley has adapted to her new home, made new friends, and acquired new hobbies. Inside Headquarters, Riley's emotions admire her new personality islands, powered by core memories that contain a mixture of emotions, and are given an expanded console that has enough room for them to work as a team. Although they admit slight concern over a large red alarm marked puberty , they forget about it. Development of Inside Out
628-571: A 20- acre site in Emeryville, California , formerly occupied by Del Monte Foods , Inc. The first of several buildings, the high-tech structure designed by Bohlin Cywinski Jackson has special foundations and electricity generators to ensure continued film production, even through major earthquakes . The character of the building is intended to abstractly recall Emeryville's industrial past. The two-story steel-and-masonry building
785-514: A 2023 interview, Pixar's president Jim Morris stated that one of the reasons why their films have expensive budgets is because they are produced entirely in the U.S. with all of the artists under one roof, while almost all of their competitors keep costs down by doing work offshore. As of September 2022, six Pixar films have received or will receive sequels or prequels. These films are Toy Story , Cars , Monsters, Inc. , Finding Nemo , The Incredibles , and Inside Out . Toy Story 2
942-2310: A Bug! (1998) Buzz Lightyear's Space Ranger Spin (1998) A Bug's Land (2002) Turtle Talk with Crush (2004) The Seas with Nemo & Friends (2007) Cars Quatre Roues Rallye (2007) Crush's Coaster (2007) Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage (2007) Toy Story Mania! (2008) Monsters, Inc. Ride & Go Seek (2009) Toy Story Land (2010) RC Racer (2010) Slinky Dog Zigzag Spin (2010) Toy Soldiers Parachute Drop (2010) Alien Swirling Saucers (2018) Slinky Dog Dash (2018) Cars Land (2012) Luigi's Flying Tires (2012) Radiator Springs Racers (2012) Luigi's Rollickin' Roadsters (2016) Remy's Ratatouille Adventure (2014) Nemo & Friends SeaRider (2017) Pixar Pier (2018) Games of Pixar Pier (2018) Incredicoaster (2018) Pixar Pal-A-Round (2018) Jessie's Critter Carousel (2019) Lightning McQueen's Racing Academy (2019) Products Pixar Image Computer Software RenderMan Presto Animation System People John Lasseter Edwin Catmull Steve Jobs Alvy Ray Smith Jim Morris Pete Docter See also Awards and nominations feature films short films Film references Computer Graphics Lab Industrial Light & Magic Lucasfilm Animation Circle Seven Animation Pixar Canada Pixar Photoscience Team Computer Animation Production System A Computer Animated Hand The Works The Shadow King Rush: A Disney–Pixar Adventure Disney Infinity Kingdom Hearts III Walt Disney Animation Studios Disneytoon Studios 20th Century Animation [REDACTED] Category [REDACTED] Work group Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RenderMan&oldid=1242317714 " Categories : Set index articles RenderMan Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
1099-1051: A Question (2019–20) Dug Days (2021–23) Carl's Date Cars on the Road (2022) Compilations Tiny Toy Stories (1996) Pixar Short Films Collection, Volume 1 (2007) Pixar Short Films Collection, Volume 2 (2012) Pixar Short Films Collection, Volume 3 (2018) Other works Beach Chair (1986) Flags and Waves (1986) Television series Upcoming Dream Productions (2024) Win or Lose (2025) Television specials Toy Story of Terror! (2013) Toy Story That Time Forgot (2014) Franchises Toy Story Monsters, Inc. Finding Nemo The Incredibles Cars Inside Out Associated productions Buzz Lightyear of Star Command: The Adventure Begins (2000; direct-to-video film) Buzz Lightyear of Star Command (2000–01; television series) Exploring
1256-515: A box office comeback by early August 2023, crossing $ 400 million at the worldwide box office. Disney's EVP of Theatrical Distribution Tony Chambers stated "After a disappointing opening weekend, we're really pleased that audiences have discovered what a great movie it is." That same month, Morris said "at the box office we're looking at now, [the film] should do better than break even theatrically. And then we have revenue from streaming , theme parks and consumer products . This will certainly be
1413-408: A brick, Joy as a star, Sadness as a tear, and Fear as a nerve. Sadness's appearance was eventually changed to that of Debbie Downer . Lozano planned to dress Sadness in pajamas to highlight her depression. Disgust's and Anger's approaches were respectively based on April Ludgate and Hades from Hercules (1997). To avoid similarities to Tinker Bell , Joy was given a green dress and her hair color
1570-538: A chance (based on his own experience negotiating with Iger in summer 2005 for the rights to ABC shows for the fifth-generation iPod Classic ), and in turn, Iger convinced them of the sincerity of his feeling that Disney needed to re-focus on animation. Lasseter and Catmull's oversight of both the Disney Feature Animation and Pixar studios did not mean that the two studios were merging, however. In fact, additional conditions were laid out as part of
1727-548: A component of the RenderMan Interface Specification used to define shaders Pixar RenderMan , a RenderMan Interface Specification-compliant rendering software system developed by Pixar based on their own interface specification RenderMan, also commonly used to refer to other renderers because of their compliance with the RenderMan standard [REDACTED] Index of articles associated with
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#17327932832661884-474: A computer-animated feature became feasible according to Moore's law . At the time, Walt Disney Studios made the decision to develop more efficient ways of producing animation. They reached out to Graphics Group at Lucasfilm and to Digital Productions . Because of the Graphics Group's deeper understanding of animation, and Smith's experience with paint programs at NYIT, it convinced Disney they were
2041-481: A consulting role until then. Pete Docter was announced as Lasseter's replacement as chief creative officer of Pixar on June 19, 2018. On June 15, 2018, Incredibles 2 was released, setting a record for widest opening weekend worldwide and domestic for an animated film. The film would eventually gross $ 1.2 billion worldwide. On October 23, 2018, it was announced that Catmull would be retiring. He stayed in an adviser role until July 2019. On January 18, 2019, it
2198-530: A contribution of Joy's characterization. Kind modeled Bing Bong's personality and appearance on Oliver Hardy , Jimmy Durante , and John Candy , especially Candy's performance in Planes, Trains, and Automobiles (1987). Bill Hader and the filmmakers visited the set of SNL in New York City, where his immediate casting as Fear was assumed until his stay ended. Hader contacted Poehler and said his role
2355-458: A deal with General Motors which fell through three days before signing the contracts. Jobs, who had been edged out of Apple in 1985, was now founder and CEO of the new computer company NeXT . On February 3, 1986, he paid $ 5 million of his own money to George Lucas for technology rights and invested $ 5 million cash as capital into the company, joining the board of directors as chairman. In 1985 while still at Lucasfilm, they had made
2512-538: A deal with the Japanese publisher Shogakukan to make a computer-animated movie called Monkey , based on the Monkey King . The project continued sometime after they became a separate company in 1986, but it became clear that the technology was not sufficiently advanced. The computers were not powerful enough and the budget would be too high. As a result, they focused on the computer hardware business for years until
2669-1140: A division of The Walt Disney Company . Feature films Toy Story (1995) A Bug's Life (1998) Toy Story 2 (1999) Monsters, Inc. (2001) Finding Nemo (2003) The Incredibles (2004) Cars (2006) Ratatouille (2007) WALL-E (2008) Up (2009) Toy Story 3 (2010) Cars 2 (2011) Brave (2012) Monsters University (2013) Inside Out (2015) The Good Dinosaur (2015) Finding Dory (2016) Cars 3 (2017) Coco (2017) Incredibles 2 (2018) Toy Story 4 (2019) Onward (2020) Soul (2020) Luca (2021) Turning Red (2022) Lightyear (2022) Elemental (2023) Inside Out 2 (2024) Upcoming Elio (2025) Hoppers (2026) Short films Original The Adventures of André & Wally B. (1984) Luxo Jr. (1986) Red's Dream (1987) Tin Toy (1988) Knick Knack (1989) Geri's Game (1997) For
2826-403: A domestic opening of $ 154 million, the third highest for an animated film, and the biggest global opening for an animated movie with $ 294 million. Since then the film broke multiple box office records. It had the highest second weekend gross for an animated film with $ 100 million, being the first to reach the 6 digit second opening weekend. It became the fastest animated movie to reach $ 1 billion at
2983-405: A film titled Inside Out . Pourshian's suit was approved by an Ontario court in 2021. The outcomes of these lawsuits is unknown and Daniels' was rejected. According to Film and Philosophy , a philosophical journal, Inside Out is one of the best animated films ever made. Various publications, such as IndieWire and The A.V. Club , have referred to Inside Out as a standout entry in
3140-434: A financial analysis that confirmed that Disney had actually lost money on animation for the past decade, then presented that information to the board of directors at his first board meeting after being promoted from COO to CEO, and the board, in turn, authorized him to explore the possibility of a deal with Pixar. Lasseter and Catmull were wary when the topic of Disney buying Pixar first came up, but Jobs asked them to give Iger
3297-590: A great company." After a lengthy hiatus, negotiations between the two companies resumed following the departure of Eisner from Disney in September 2005. In preparation for potential fallout between Pixar and Disney, Jobs announced in late 2004 that Pixar would no longer release movies at the Disney-dictated November time frame, but during the more lucrative early summer months. This would also allow Pixar to release DVDs for its major releases during
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#17327932832663454-451: A historic $ 26 million deal with Disney to produce three computer-animated feature films, the first of which was Toy Story (1995), the product of the technological limitations that challenged CGI. By then the software programmers working on RenderMan and IceMan, and Lasseter's animation department, which made television commercials (and four Luxo Jr. shorts for Sesame Street the same year), were all that remained of Pixar. Despite
3611-403: A hit, and confirming that Disney would distribute it for the 1995 Christmas season, he decided to give Pixar another chance. Also for the first time, he took an active leadership role in the company and made himself CEO. Toy Story grossed more than $ 373 million worldwide and, when Pixar held its initial public offering on November 29, 1995, it exceeded Netscape 's as the biggest IPO of
3768-471: A job at his studio, six employees moved to Lucasfilm . During the following months, they gradually resigned from CGL, found temporary jobs for about a year to avoid making Schure suspicious, and joined the Graphics Group at Lucasfilm. The Graphics Group, which was one-third of the Computer Division of Lucasfilm, was launched in 1979 with the hiring of Catmull from NYIT, where he was in charge of
3925-566: A place on the Disney board of directors. After the deal closed in May 2006, Lasseter revealed that Iger had felt that Disney needed to buy Pixar while watching a parade at the opening of Hong Kong Disneyland in September 2005. Iger noticed that of all the Disney characters in the parade, none were characters that Disney had created within the last ten years since all the newer ones had been created by Pixar. Upon returning to Burbank, Iger commissioned
4082-524: A platformer-type Inside Out playset featuring all five emotion characters as playable characters. A mobile Puzzle Bobble -style game titled Inside Out: Thought Bubbles was released. The 95-minute film Inside Out debuted in a competition at the 68th Cannes Film Festival on May 18, 2015, followed by a premiere on June 8 at the El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood, Los Angeles . In
4239-408: A process somewhat like peer review , as opposed to the traditional Hollywood approach of an "executive-driven studio" in which directors are micromanaged through "mandatory notes" from development executives outranking the producers. According to Catmull, it evolved out of the working relationship between Lasseter, Andrew Stanton , Pete Docter , Lee Unkrich , and Joe Ranft on Toy Story . As
4396-538: A profitable film for the Disney company." In December 2023, it was announced that Soul , Turning Red and Luca would be released in theaters in the United States in the first quarter of 2024. In January 2024, it was reported that Pixar's staff would face imminent layoffs by 20 percent, reducing the studio's workforce to less than 1,000 employees. However, the layoffs were then delayed and did not occur, reportedly because of production schedules. In May 2024,
4553-777: A restaurant visit in 1981, but when interviewing them he got four different versions about the origin of the name. In 1982, the Pixar team began working on special-effects film sequences with Industrial Light & Magic . After years of research, and key milestones such as the Genesis Effect in Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan and the Stained Glass Knight in Young Sherlock Holmes , the group, which then numbered 40 individuals,
4710-556: A result of the success of Toy Story , Pixar built a new studio at the Emeryville campus which was designed by PWP Landscape Architecture and opened in November 2000. Pixar and Disney had disagreements over the production of Toy Story 2 . Originally intended as a direct-to-video release (and thus not part of Pixar's three-picture deal), the film was eventually upgraded to a theatrical release during production. Pixar demanded that
4867-541: A return to form for Pixar. Peter Debruge ( Variety ), Kenneth Turan ( Los Angeles Times ), and Todd McCarthy ( The Hollywood Reporter ) praised the film. Debruge and Turan described it as Pixar's best, calling it "sophisticated" and "audacious". Turan and Richard Brody ( The New Yorker ) cited the film's engaging visuals, its message about the value of emotions, and the depiction of Riley's imagination, and Debruge and Anthony Lane ( The New Yorker ) praised its originality. Vulture 's David Edelstein said
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5024-555: A role in an animated film. Once Smith got a call to travel to Pixar's headquarters in Emeryville, California , Rivera cast her after watching a lunch scene in Bad Teacher (2011). He contacted Docter and said, "I think we found our Sadness". Smith saw her natural voice following her first recording session. Kind was Docter's perfect choice for Bing Bong. Kind attempted to convey the same "sort of innocence" he had conveyed in his previous Pixar roles. Docter described Bing Bong as
5181-635: A segment of The Walt Disney Company . Pixar started in 1979 as part of the Lucasfilm computer division. It was known as the Graphics Group before its spin-off as a corporation in 1986, with funding from Apple co-founder Steve Jobs who became its majority shareholder . Disney announced its acquisition of Pixar in January 2006, and completed it in May 2006. Pixar is best known for its feature films , technologically powered by RenderMan ,
5338-491: A single image, becoming an animation spread across 1,600 shots. Each three seconds of footage took three weeks to create and 33 hours to render. Both animation teams handled the transition of Joy from a "complete abstract" to an "animatable character". Lighting Joy was Eggleston's early inspiration through his production design. Eggleston's pastel diagram shaped Joy, increasing her illumination and making her Pixar's crucial character. Instead of being solid, Joy's effervescence
5495-556: A small group of creative leaders who oversee development of all films. They spent over three years improving the dinnertime scene to avoid it becoming stale with audiences while sustaining the story and humor. The filmmakers were responsible for expressing the characters' personal traits, talents, and contrasts. Inside Out 's design team researched more of Riley's personality's distinct directions after Docter became concerned over Joy's displeasure. Designer Albert Lozano wanted Joy to be tomboyish and mischievous. Amy Poehler helped
5652-404: A subsidiary of his Chuck E. Cheese's Pizza Time Theatres company (PTT), which was founded in 1977. Only one major project was made out of the new studio, an animated Christmas special for NBC starring Chuck E. Cheese and other PTT mascots; known as "Chuck E. Cheese: The Christmas That Almost Wasn't". The animation movement would be made using tweening instead of traditional cel animation. After
5809-672: A technician at his other company Atari , which Bushnell sold to Warner Communications in 1976 to focus on PTT. PTT would later go bankrupt in 1984 and be acquired by ShowBiz Pizza Place . In 1986, the newly independent Pixar was headed by President Edwin Catmull and Executive Vice President Alvy Ray Smith . Lucas's search for investors led to an offer from Steve Jobs , which Lucas initially found too low. He eventually accepted after determining it impossible to find other investors. At that point, Smith and Catmull had been declined by 35 venture capitalists and ten large corporations, including
5966-573: A turkey in a Thanksgiving Day pageant; Docter found that plot idea to be too unfamiliar and sought something to replace it. Several drafts emerged, including the characters cultivating ideas after falling to "Idea Fields"; in another, Bing Bong would recruit at a large, exiled entourage of characters from Riley's childhood. Richard Kind later defined his character as "the fading of childhood" when Inside Out 's development had progressed. In October 2011, Diane Disney Miller persuaded Docter to reduce Inside Out 's distractions and reprioritize
6123-635: A weighted average) assigned Inside Out a score of 94 out of 100 based on 55 critics, indicating "universal acclaim". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+-to-F scale. Before Inside Out 's release, fans and critics were concerned by a perceived over-dependence on sequels on the part of Pixar that was exacerbated by the announcement of Toy Story 4 (2019), and their films' decline in quality. The New York Times attributed this to DreamWorks Animation 's financial problems. Critics praised Inside Out 's craftsmanship and Docter's direction, describing it as
6280-569: Is a collaborative space with many pathways. The digital revolution in filmmaking was driven by applied mathematics , including computational physics and geometry . In 2008, this led Pixar senior scientist Tony DeRose to offer to host the second Julia Robinson Mathematics Festival at the Emeryville campus. Some of Pixar's first animators were former cel animators including John Lasseter, and others came from computer animation or were fresh college graduates. A large number of animators that make up its animation department had been hired around
6437-517: Is a girl, research found females age 11 to 17 were more attuned to expressions and emotions than younger girls. Docter decided Riley was not a main character but the film's setting. He considered the lead emotion as female because Riley is a girl. Other emotion characters were assigned male and female. Docter discarded an initial idea about Riley falling into a deep depression. Creation of storyboards for Inside Out took two-to-three years and included seven-to-eight screenings for Pixar's "brains trust",
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6594-497: Is currently the highest grossing animated film of all time. Pixar has earned 23 Academy Awards , 10 Golden Globe Awards , and 11 Grammy Awards , along with numerous other awards and acknowledgments . Since its inauguration in 2001, eleven Pixar films have won the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature , including Finding Nemo (2003), The Incredibles (2004), Ratatouille (2007), WALL-E (2008), Up (2009),
6751-404: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Pixar Pixar Animation Studios , known simply as Pixar ( / ˈ p ɪ k s ɑːr / ), is an American animation studio based in Emeryville, California , known for its critically and commercially successful computer-animated feature films. Pixar is a subsidiary of Walt Disney Studios , a division of Disney Entertainment ,
6908-516: Is emotionally overwhelmed and needs help. Joy and Bing Bong try to use his song-fueled wagon rocket to escape the Memory Dump but are unable to ascend due to their combined weight. Bing Bong jumps out of the wagon to save Joy and fades away in the Memory Dump, forgotten. Anger's idea disables the console, putting Riley into depression as she boards a bus to Minnesota. Joy reunites with Sadness, and they return to Headquarters. Joy hands control of
7065-559: The 68th Cannes Film Festival on May 18, 2015, and was released in the United States on June 19. It received positive reviews from critics for its craftsmanship, screenplay, subject matter, plot, and vocal performances—particularly those of Poehler, Smith, Kind, Hader, Kaling, and Black. The National Board of Review and the American Film Institute named Inside Out one of the top-ten films of 2015. It grossed $ 858.8 million worldwide, finishing its theatrical run as
7222-538: The American Film Institute named Inside Out one of the ten-best films of 2015; it also won the National Board of Review's Best Animated Film award. A central theme of Inside Out is the consequences and portrayal of emotions and memories. Those depicted in the film are "honest" and "generous"; their goal is maintaining Riley's life. Natasha Moore of the Australian ABC News said of
7379-623: The Christmas shopping season . An added benefit of delaying Cars from November 4, 2005, to June 9, 2006, was to extend the time frame remaining on the Pixar-Disney contract, to see how things would play out between the two companies. Pending the Disney acquisition of Pixar, the two companies created a distribution deal for the intended 2007 release of Ratatouille , to ensure that if the acquisition failed, this one film would be released through Disney's distribution channels. In contrast to
7536-485: The Father's Day weekend . It primarily drew a mostly female audience and approximately 71 percent of the viewers were families. The film grossed $ 52.1 million in its second weekend—a reduction of 42 percent—and $ 29.3 million in its third. After finishing its theatrical run on December 10, 2015, Inside Out had grossed $ 356.9 million in the U.S. and Canada as the fourth-highest-grossing film of
7693-616: The University of California, Berkeley , for accuracy. While designing Riley's mental landscape, they consulted neuroscientists, and took cues from DNA strands and photographs of neuronal flashes. According to Keltner and Ekman, the film emphasizes the ways emotions organize our thoughts and social lives, especially the role of sadness in fostering connections. Twenty-seven emotions—including irritation, envy, greed, gloom, despair, depression, love, schadenfreude , ennui , shame, embarrassment, and hope—were considered for early versions of
7850-543: The Venice Film Festival . The physical award was ceremoniously handed to Lucasfilm's founder, George Lucas . Pixar got its start in 1974, when New York Institute of Technology 's (NYIT) founder, Alexander Schure , who was also the owner of a traditional animation studio, established the Computer Graphics Lab (CGL) and recruited computer scientists who shared his ambitions about creating
8007-638: The seventh-highest-grossing film of 2015 . The film was nominated for two awards at the 88th Academy Awards , winning Best Animated Feature , and received numerous other accolades . Philosophical journal Film and Philosophy recognized Inside Out as one of the best animated films ever made. A sequel, Inside Out 2 , was released in 2024. In the mind of a young girl named Riley Andersen are five personified emotions that influence her actions: Joy , Sadness , Fear, Disgust, and Anger. Riley's experiences become memories that are stored as colored orbs and are sent into long-term memory each night. The aspects of
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#17327932832668164-477: The video game crash of 1983 , Bushnell started selling some subsidiaries of PTT to keep the business afloat. Sente Technologies (another division, was founded to have games distributed in PTT stores) was sold to Bally Games and Kadabrascope was sold to Lucasfilm. The Kadabrascope assets were combined with the Computer Division of Lucasfilm. Coincidentally, one of Steve Jobs 's first jobs was under Bushnell in 1973 as
8321-455: The "most perfect" character with a "sense of humor and genuine care". At the 88th Academy Awards , Inside Out received a nomination for Best Original Screenplay and won Best Animated Feature . Its other nominations include fourteen Annie Awards (winning ten), two British Academy Film Awards (winning one), three Critics' Choice Movie Awards (winning one), and a Golden Globe Award (which it won). The National Board of Review and
8478-408: The 10- to 15-percent distribution fee. In addition, as part of any distribution agreement with Disney, Pixar demanded control over films already in production under the old agreement, including The Incredibles (2004) and Cars (2006). Disney considered these conditions unacceptable, but Pixar would not concede. Disagreements between Steve Jobs and Disney chairman and CEO Michael Eisner caused
8635-451: The 1990s and 2000s, Pixar gradually developed the "Pixar Braintrust", the studio's primary creative development process, in which all of its directors, writers, and lead storyboard artists regularly examine each other's projects and give very candid "notes", the industry term for constructive criticism . The Braintrust operates under a philosophy of a "filmmaker-driven studio", in which creatives help each other move their films forward through
8792-508: The 2010s. A 2016 BBC poll of 177 film critics listed Inside Out as the 41st- best film of the 21st century , and The New York Times placed it seventh on its own list. Empire and The Independent respectively named it 18th- and 41st-best in 2020. The film's screenplay was listed number twenty-nine on the Writers Guild of America 's "101 Greatest Screenplays of the 21st Century (So Far)" in 2021. In 2015, Google started
8949-818: The Birds (2000) Boundin' (2003) One Man Band (2005) Lifted (2006) Presto (2008) Partly Cloudy (2009) Day & Night (2010) La Luna (2011) The Blue Umbrella (2013) Lava (2014) Sanjay's Super Team (2015) Piper (2016) Lou (2017) Bao (2018) SparkShorts Purl (2019) Smash and Grab (2019) Kitbull (2019) Float (2019) Wind (2019) Loop (2020) Out (2020) Burrow (2020) Twenty Something (2021) Nona (2021) Self (2024) Feature-related Mike's New Car (2002) Jack-Jack Attack (2005) Mr. Incredible and Pals (2005) Mater and
9106-614: The Computer Graphics Lab. He was then reunited with Smith, who also made the journey from NYIT to Lucasfilm, and was made the director of the Graphics Group. At NYIT, the researchers pioneered many of the CG foundation techniques — in particular, the invention of the alpha channel by Catmull and Smith. Over the next several years, the CGL would produce a few frames of an experimental film called The Works . After moving to Lucasfilm,
9263-512: The Ghostlight (2006) Your Friend the Rat (2007) BURN-E (2008) Dug's Special Mission (2009) George and A.J. (2009) The Legend of Mor'du (2012) Party Central (2013) Riley's First Date? (2015) 22 vs. Earth (2021) Ciao Alberto (2021) Series Cars Toons (2008–14) Toy Story Toons (2011–12) Forky Asks
9420-407: The Pixar brand. In June 2023, Disney laid off 75 employees including the director of Lightyear Angus MacLane , and the film's producer Galyn Susman. During that same month, Elemental was released. During the film's opening weekend, Docter stated that Pixar "trained audiences that these films will be available for you on Disney+". Despite opening below projections, Elemental ultimately made
9577-557: The Principal Creative Adviser at Walt Disney Imagineering , which designs and builds the company's theme parks . Catmull retained his position as President of Pixar, while also becoming President of Walt Disney Animation Studios, reporting to Iger and Dick Cook , chairman of the Walt Disney Studios . Jobs's position as Pixar's chairman and chief executive officer was abolished, and instead, he took
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#17327932832669734-929: The Reef (2003; short film) Planes (2013) The Dam Keeper (2014; short film) Planes: Fire & Rescue (2014) Borrowed Time (2016; short film) Weekends (2017; short film) Monsters at Work (2021–present; television series) Starling (2023; short film) Characters Luxo Jr. Toy Story Woody Buzz Lightyear Jessie Bo Peep Monsters, Inc. Mike Wazowski Dory The Incredibles Bob Parr Helen Parr Dash Parr Violet Parr Edna Mode Cars Lightning McQueen Tow Mater Sally Carrera WALL·E Merida Joy Anxiety Documentaries The Pixar Story (2007) A Spark Story (2021) Disney attractions and experiences It's Tough to Be
9891-513: The Witch from Brave (2012). Additionally, Pixar is known for their films having expensive budgets, ranging from $ 150–200 million. Some of these films include Ratatouille (2007), Toy Story 3 (2010), Toy Story 4 (2019), Incredibles 2 (2018), Inside Out (2015), Inside Out 2 (2024), The Good Dinosaur (2015), the aforementioned Onward and Soul , Turning Red , Lightyear (both 2022), and Elemental (2023). In
10048-414: The abstract sequence and another involving crowd simulation for the character groupings. They used novel technology to locate every part of the human body. Docter imagined with emotions for characters, they could "push the level of caricature" to both design and style of movement. To this end, they emulated the animation styles of Tex Avery and Chuck Jones . Docter informed Krause and Navone to push
10205-438: The acquisition was completed on May 5, 2006. The transaction catapulted Jobs, who owned 49.65% of total share interest in Pixar, to Disney's largest individual shareholder with 7%, valued at $ 3.9 billion, and a new seat on its board of directors. Jobs' new Disney holdings exceeded holdings belonging to Eisner, the previous top shareholder, who still held 1.7%; and Disney Director Emeritus Roy E. Disney , who held almost 1% of
10362-458: The aforementioned Toy Story 3 and Toy Story 4 , Brave (2012), Inside Out (2015), Coco (2017), and Soul (2020). Toy Story 3 and Up were also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture . In February 2009, Pixar executives John Lasseter , Brad Bird , Pete Docter , Andrew Stanton , and Lee Unkrich were presented with the Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement by
10519-436: The characters they voiced. Because Inside Out 's cast includes several veterans of Saturday Night Live ( SNL ), the film's production team spent a week at that program researching a live television sequence. Phyllis Smith was the first of the emotions characters to be cast and Poehler was the last. Smith and Poehler had three voice-recording sessions each. Smith was initially concerned about her attempt to voice
10676-412: The characters' appearances and evaluating a "fine-tuning" cloth stimulation. Through the simulation department, the motion of the characters' hair and garments was added. Pixar co-founder Edwin Catmull felt the characters' attributes have to a lesser extent humanoid forms, bright colors, and strange shapes due to their possession of force fields . All aspects of Inside Out were eventually merged into
10833-534: The company's own implementation of the industry-standard RenderMan Interface Specification image-rendering API . The studio's mascot is Luxo Jr. , a desk lamp from the studio's 1986 short film of the same name . Pixar has produced 28 feature films , starting with Toy Story (1995), which is the first fully computer-animated feature film; its most recent film was Inside Out 2 (2024). The studio has also produced many short films . As of July 2023 , its feature films have earned over $ 15 billion at
10990-508: The computer graphics industry's largest convention. However, the Image Computer had inadequate sales which threatened to end the company as financial losses grew. Jobs increased investment in exchange for an increased stake, reducing the proportion of management and employee ownership until eventually, his total investment of $ 50 million gave him control of the entire company. In 1989, Lasseter's growing animation department which
11147-536: The console to Sadness, who reactivates it and returns Riley to her parents. As Sadness re-installs the core memories, transforming them from happy to sad, Riley tells her parents she misses her old life. Riley's parents comfort her and tell her they also miss Minnesota. Joy and Sadness work the console together, creating a new core memory that is both happy and sad, and a new island forms, representing Riley's acceptance of her life in San Francisco. One year later,
11304-542: The core memories, Anger causes Riley's personality islands to crumble and fall into the "Memory Dump", where things fade to non-existence as they are forgotten. While navigating the vast long-term memory area, Joy and Sadness encounter Bing Bong, Riley's imaginary friend , who suggests riding the " train of thought " back to Headquarters. Meanwhile, Anger, intending to restore Riley's happiness, convinces Disgust and Fear that Riley should run away to Minnesota, where her happy memories were formed. Joy, Sadness, and Bing Bong catch
11461-406: The core technical staff just hitting the ground, the budget falling through the roof". Docter and his six-designer team spent approximately 18 months finalizing Joy's look. The process of making Joy took three years. Director of photography Patrick Lin focused on emphasizing Inside Out 's cinematography. It created a visual language with unique camera styles to depict the mind world and
11618-462: The core, Lasseter said, "it's gotta be about the growth of the main character and how he changes." Actor John Ratzenberger , who had previously starred in the television series Cheers (1982–1993), has voiced a character in every Pixar feature film from Toy Story through Onward (2020). A non-speaking background character in Soul (2020) bears his likeness. Pixar paid tribute to Ratzenberger in
11775-450: The corporation's shares. Pixar shareholders received 2.3 shares of Disney common stock for each share of Pixar common stock redeemed. As part of the deal, John Lasseter, by then Executive Vice President, became Chief Creative Officer (reporting directly to president and CEO Bob Iger and consulting with Disney Director Roy E. Disney) of both Pixar and Walt Disney Animation Studios (including its division Disneytoon Studios ), as well as
11932-573: The day-to-day running of the studio facilities and products. After a few years, Lasseter and Catmull were able to successfully transfer the basic principles of the Pixar Braintrust to Disney Animation, although meetings of the Disney Story Trust are reportedly "more polite" than those of the Pixar Braintrust. Catmull later explained that after the merger, to maintain the studios' separate identities and cultures (notwithstanding
12089-610: The deal to ensure that Pixar remained a separate entity , a concern that analysts had expressed about the Disney deal. Some of those conditions were that Pixar HR policies would remain intact, including the lack of employment contracts. Also, the Pixar name was guaranteed to continue, and the studio would remain in its current Emeryville, California , location with the "Pixar" sign. Finally, branding of films made post-merger would be "Disney•Pixar" (beginning with Cars ). Jim Morris , producer of WALL-E (2008), became general manager of Pixar. In this new position, Morris took charge of
12246-413: The earlier Pixar deal, Ratatouille was meant to remain a Pixar property and Disney would have received a distribution fee. The completion of Disney's Pixar acquisition, however, nullified this distribution arrangement. After extended negotiations, Disney ultimately agreed on January 24, 2006, to buy Pixar for approximately $ 7.4 billion in an all-stock deal . Following Pixar shareholder approval,
12403-483: The end credits of Cars (2006) by parodying scenes from three of its earlier films ( Toy Story , Monsters, Inc. , and A Bug's Life ), replacing all of the characters with motor vehicle versions of them and giving each film an automotive-based title. After the third scene, Mack (his character in Cars ) realizes that the same actor has been voicing characters in every film. Due to the traditions that have occurred within
12560-758: The event at Cannes, the film received an eight-minute standing ovation. Inside Out was also released in Dolby Vision , making it one of the earliest films to adopt the format. In theaters, it was accompanied by a short film called Lava (2014). Inside Out was initially scheduled for release on May 30, 2014, but was postponed to June 19, 2015. During its opening weekend in the United States and Canada, Inside Out grossed $ 90.4 million across 3,946 theaters, 3,100 of which were in 3D , debuting at number two behind Jurassic World ($ 106.6 million). This revenue included $ 3.7 million from Thursday night previews. The weekend-total figure made Inside Out
12717-503: The fact of common ownership and common senior management), he and Lasseter "drew a hard line" that each studio was solely responsible for its own projects and would not be allowed to borrow personnel from or lend tasks out to the other. The rule ensures that each studio maintains "local ownership" of projects and can be proud of its own work. Thus for example, when Pixar had issues with Ratatouille and Disney Animation had issues with Bolt (2008), "nobody bailed them out" and each studio
12874-411: The film as promoting mental health but panned its misinterpretation of brain functions. Media reviews for the actors' performances were very positive; their work was described as "wonderful" and "excellent". Edelstein commended Poehler's acting, saying she has "supernatural exuberance but the semi-tonal quavers of doubt that keep that ... from being cloying or cartoonish". Magnett called Anger
13031-405: The film is a "new pop-culture touchstone". Despite these overall reviews, The Guardian critic Peter Bradshaw and Slant Magazine writer Christopher Gray assessed the film as slightly inferior to Pixar's best works. The scriptwriting, plot, and subject matter were praised. Forbes 's Scott Mendelson said the film's script supports its themes whereas Leigh Singer of IGN noted
13188-411: The film then be counted toward the three-picture agreement, but Disney refused. Though profitable for both, Pixar later complained that the arrangement was not equitable. Pixar was responsible for creation and production, while Disney handled marketing and distribution. Profits and production costs were split equally, but Disney exclusively owned all story, character, and sequel rights and also collected
13345-400: The film to maintain its continuity . During the storyboarding process, 27 sequences and 178,128 outlines were developed, with 127,781 remaining upon completion. According to Cooley, 10 plot rewrites of Inside Out and 10 unabridged scenes of Riley's mind were made. Initial storyboarding differentiated the importance of Riley's character arc rather than her emotions but Rivera considered
13502-806: The film's balance was "about 75 percent inside, 25 percent out". In early 2013, the filmmakers made seven-to-eight distinct openings for the film. Inside Out 's first completed scenes were test-screened at the Annecy International Animated Film Festival in June 2014. The brain trust eventually locked the picture and its story. Production of the film concluded in May 2015 after three years. Inside Out 's principal characters were cast in August 2013. Voice recording began that year and ended in 2014. Casting focused on actors who have personas identical to those of
13659-657: The film's omission of Riley's bodily sensations and their possible effect on mental states. Primatologist Louise Barrett said the film shows disconnection between characters who are not relating to each other or to their own emotions but moments of personal harmony lead to positive interpersonal connections. According to USA Today ' s Jamie Altman, Inside Out shows major environmental changes can be "difficult, but not impossible, to overcome", recommending it to college students experiencing homesickness or sadness. Three lawsuits followed Inside Out 's release. Pediatrician Denise Daniels sued Disney and Pixar in 2017, claiming
13816-766: The film's personified emotions infringed on her pitch for a television series called The Moodsters . Two similar suits followed in 2018; author Carla J. Masterson sued Disney for infringing her books What’s on the Other Side of the Rainbow? and The Secret of the Golden Mirror , and another was brought in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California by a Canadian student Damon Pourshian, who had made
13973-468: The film's script was deemed ambitious and ingenious, screenwriter Michael Arndt spent a year on it before leaving the project in early 2011; he was attributed with providing additional story material. Along with Docter, Josh Cooley and Meg LeFauve were credited as screenwriters for its rewrites. To promote diverse input, half of the story team were women at a time when the animation industry largely consisted of men. Although Inside Out 's focus
14130-461: The film's theme: "[If] Riley's carefree life gets more complicated, ... Joy's attempts to deliver uninterrupted happiness become increasingly neurotic". Nicole Markotic said the film explores the relationship between "the many and the one", demonstrating people have "composite" personalities. The different components of one person's personality are vital for that person's "emotional and psychological balance". Depression and sadness are distinct in
14287-532: The film's tropes include child devotion, teamwork, and confused chases. Singer said the "tried-and-tested" journey had an unprecedented "licence to go". Rene Rodriguez, writing for the Miami Herald , said the story skips from the beginning to the end and characters inside Riley's head have thin goals. Ann Hornaday ( The Washington Post ) and A. O. Scott ( The New York Times ) appreciated its entertaining subject matter. The Hindu 's Udhav Naig saw
14444-425: The film, based on his emotions viewing it. Rivera said because both Giacchino and Docter were musicians, they discussed the film in terms of story and character. In accordance with his creative preference, sound designer Ren Klyce created a progressive soundscape . Audio mixing was done to harmonize "dense" sounds for the film's beginning scene. The introduction of Joy uses a single sound. Marketing Inside Out
14601-456: The film, but the number was later reduced for the sake of simplicity. Ekman supplied a list of emotions—anger, fear, sadness, disgust, contempt, surprise, and happiness—and Docter decided to remove surprise due to its similarity to fear; he also removed contempt. Happiness was renamed Optimism and later Joy. Chief Creative Officer John Lasseter offered little input to the film due to his focus on restructuring Walt Disney Animation Studios ; it
14758-543: The film. In 2010, Docter and the filmmaking team met to discuss aspects of Inside Out , including its setting, rules, and reels. Docter then recruited a small team to develop the film's plotline and design its characters within 12 months; their main challenge was to handle its multilayered technique. Del Carmen described his upbringing as a significant influence and had the idea of making Riley an avid ice-hockey player due to that sport's popularity in Minnesota. Though
14915-506: The film; this distinction is meant to "[offer] individuals strategies to avoid suppressing crucial feelings". Writing in the British Journal of Psychiatry , Hannah Marcarian and Paul O. Wilkinson said this validation of different emotions helps people express themselves. Ruth Bettelheim of USA Today wrote human responses to physical and social environments evolved over millions of years and are yet fully understood, as shown by
15072-528: The films and shorts such as anthropomorphic creatures and objects, and easter egg crossovers between films and shorts that have been spotted by Pixar fans, a blog post titled The Pixar Theory was published in 2013 by Jon Negroni, and popularized by the YouTube channel Super Carlin Brothers, proposing that all of the characters within the Pixar universe were related, surrounding Boo from Monsters Inc. and
15229-464: The first Pixar film not to debut at number one, the biggest number-two debut of all time (surpassing The Day After Tomorrow ), and the largest opening weekend for any original film (surpassing Avatar ), and was Pixar's second-biggest opening after Toy Story 3 . Inside Out 's successful opening was attributed to its Cannes premiere, CinemaCon , and Fathom Events screenings, favorable critical reception and word-of-mouth, and its release over
15386-401: The first animated streaming film to win the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature . Pixar's next two features, Luca and Turning Red , were also released free on Disney+ in June 2021 and March 2022, respectively. In 2021, several Pixar employees anonymously criticized Disney's decision to release their films direct to Disney+. Lightyear , Pixar's first movie to return to theaters
15543-437: The first film was still some years away, and they needed to focus on a proper product until then. Eventually, they decided they should be a hardware company in the meantime, with their Pixar Image Computer as the core product, a system primarily sold to governmental, scientific, and medical markets. They also used SGI computers. In 1983, Nolan Bushnell founded a new computer-guided animation studio called Kadabrascope as
15700-501: The five most important "core memories" within her personality take the form of five floating islands. Joy acts as the leader and tries to limit Sadness's influence, perceiving her as an unnecessary burden for Riley. At age 11, Riley moves from Minnesota to San Francisco for her father's new job. On Riley's first day at her new school, Sadness retroactively saddens joyous memories, causing Riley to cry in front of her class. This creates Riley's first sad core memory. Joy tries to dispose of
15857-467: The global box office, reaching the milestone in 17 days. It also out-grossed Incredibles 2 to become the highest grossing Pixar film globally. When Steve Jobs , chief executive officer of Apple Inc. and Pixar, and John Lasseter , then-executive vice president of Pixar, decided to move their studios from a leased space in Point Richmond, California , to larger quarters of their own, they chose
16014-629: The graphic caricature of each character rather than sticking to the rigid behavior of each RenderMan model. This required an artist to draw over characters in Inside Out using a Wacom Cintiq during dailies . After the characters' forms were finalized, they were proposed for 3D models using desktop computers . The filmmakers studied dailies until Docter gave the film's finalized shots approval on lighting and rendering . Inside Out made increased use of an advanced sketching tool with which animators performed rapid sculpting on silhouettes, altering
16171-476: The idea about Joy had learned from Fear to develop her characterization, before deciding to integrate emotions and relationships within the film. Instead, Sadness replaced Fear to have a "much juicier" role. Docter's altercation between Joy and Sadness lacked the film's emotional ending. To address the issue, he changed a scene where Riley is separating from her friend in its subsequent portions. Islands of Friendship and Personality became Joy and Sadness's outings in
16328-411: The income from these projects, the company still continued to lose money and Steve Jobs, as chairman of the board and now owner, often considered selling it. As late as 1994, Jobs contemplated selling Pixar to other companies such as Hallmark Cards , Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen , and Oracle CEO and co-founder Larry Ellison . After learning from New York critics that Toy Story would probably be
16485-501: The intended 1950s Broadway musicals . Supervising animator Victor Navone tightened the design's aspects, which were emphasized by freeform surface modeling . Around 300 designs of Headquarters were developed. Decoding how to depict the mind's interior, the filmmakers concentrated on the word "electrochemical" and considered options using electricity. Character designs underwent several revisions before they were finalized. Simple shapes were initially designed; these included Anger as
16642-557: The launch of Disney+ , Pixar debuted SparkShorts , experimental shorts done by Pixar staff. Pixar released Onward on March 6, 2020. However, due to the start of the COVID-19 pandemic , the film underperformed at the box office and was released onto rental digital services on March 20, and later on Disney+ on April 3. Due to the pandemic, Soul was moved to November 2020, and ultimately released on December 25, 2020, on Disney+ at no additional cost to subscribers, and later became
16799-459: The layoff of 30 employees in the company's computer hardware department—including the company's president, Chuck Kolstad, reduced the total number of employees to just 42, approximately its original number. On March 6, 1991, Steve Jobs bought the company from its employees and became the full owner. He contemplated folding it into NeXT, but the NeXT's co-founders refused. A few months later Pixar made
16956-401: The memory using a pneumatic tube but knocks loose the other core memories during a struggle with Sadness, disabling the personality islands. Joy, Sadness, and the core memories are sucked out of Headquarters. In the absence of Joy and Sadness, Anger, Fear, and Disgust try to make happy core memories, but the results are disastrous, distancing Riley from her parents, peers, and hobbies. Without
17113-570: The mess Joy manipulates in Riley, was difficult. Producer Jonas Rivera credited Poehler for developing these aspects of Joy's nature. Eggleston recommended setting the film in Riley's mind rather than in her brain, and a few scenes about the brain were dropped. Pixar filmmakers held an evaluation screening of the film in July 2012. An early version of Inside Out focused on Joy and Fear getting lost together. Docter deemed this problematic and determined
17270-459: The music for Inside Out . He began planning in January 2015 and concluded in May 2015. While in the music session, Docter felt its score was "bittersweet" and "nostalgic". Giacchino wanted to create something more emotionally monumental for Inside Out than his score from Up . The producers first met with Giacchino to discuss the film's concept and screen it for him. In response, Giacchino composed an eight-minute suite of music, unconnected to
17427-427: The negotiations to cease in 2004, with Disney forming Circle Seven Animation and Jobs declaring that Pixar was actively seeking partners other than Disney. Despite this announcement and several talks with Warner Bros. , Sony Pictures , and 20th Century Fox , Pixar did not enter negotiations with other distributors, although a Warner Bros. spokesperson told CNN , "We would love to be in business with Pixar. They are
17584-471: The next few years, a designer suggested naming a new digital compositing computer the "Picture Maker". Smith suggested that the laser-based device have a catchier name, and came up with "Pixer", which after a meeting was changed to "Pixar". According to Michael Rubin , the author of Droidmaker: George Lucas and the Digital Revolution , Smith and three other employees came up with the name during
17741-419: The open market for Macintosh and Windows systems. RenderMan is one of the leading 3D packages of the early 1990s, and Typestry is a special-purpose 3D text renderer that competed with RayDream. During this period of time, Pixar continued its successful relationship with Walt Disney Feature Animation , a studio whose corporate parent would ultimately become its most important partner. As 1991 began, however,
17898-421: The producers decided to keep Bing Bong a secret. As a result, the character was excluded from the film's promotion to focus on the emotion characters. Docter considered Kind's decision "smart", recognizing Bing Bong was a "surprise to the audience". In the run-up to its release, the film was test-screened for children because executives were worried about its appeal to young viewers. Disney Infinity 3.0 added
18055-410: The real one. Lin's crew supervised Riley's arc as these cameras were used across three acts ; the first was mounted on a Steadicam and the second was hand-held. Inside Out 's certain aspects were supported by "scale progressions" (the worldbuilding size based on the main characters' perspective) for characterizations, as well as Riley and Joy's arcs, staging for the story, and framing for
18212-431: The real world encountered problems with lens distortion and out-of-focus shots but directorial changes countered the camera-work's complexity. The camera operators used Arri Ultra Prime and Zeiss Cooke S4 lenses with distinct camera movements and predetermined paths for both worlds. A dolly , track , crane , and boom were used for the mind world and hand-held cameras with zoom lenses and Steadicam mounts were used for
18369-450: The real world, allowing a connection between the film's story and Riley's character. Lin said these worlds can polarize themselves. The mind world's layout and cinematography were influenced by Casablanca (1942). Pixar researched films from Hollywood's golden age for set constructions . They performed master moving shots , combining them into a single scene, the longest of which were 48 seconds and consisted of 1,200 frames. Filming
18526-468: The release of Return of the Jedi , they knew he would most likely sell the whole Graphics Group. Worried that the employees would be lost to them if that happened, which would prevent the creation of the first computer-animated movie, they concluded that the best way to keep the team together was to turn the group into an independent company. But Moore's Law also suggested that sufficient computing power for
18683-568: The releases of A Bug's Life (1998), Monsters, Inc. (2001), and Finding Nemo (2003). The success of Toy Story (1995) made Pixar the first major computer-animation studio to successfully produce theatrical feature films. The majority of the animation industry was (and still is) located in Los Angeles, and Pixar is located 350 miles (560 km) north in the San Francisco Bay Area . Traditional hand-drawn animation
18840-412: The resources the group needed but contributing to NYIT's financial difficulties. Eventually, the group realized they needed to work in a real film studio to reach their goal. Francis Ford Coppola then invited Smith to his house for a three-day media conference, where Coppola and George Lucas shared their visions for the future of digital moviemaking. When Lucas approached the group and offered them
18997-482: The right choice. In May 1986 Pixar signed a contract with Disney, who eventually bought and used the Pixar Image Computer and custom software written by Pixar as part of its Computer Animation Production System (CAPS) project, to migrate the laborious ink and paint part of the 2D animation process to a more automated method. The company's first feature film to be released using this new animation method
19154-409: The role. She said the story sounded "really beautiful" when it was pitched to her. Docter said Lewis Black exemplified Anger, and he was cast after the filmmakers kept him in mind, having heard Black's voice. The filmmakers cast Kaitlyn Dias as Riley, having described her performance as "touching" and adapted its "heartbreaking honesty". According to Rivera, Dias's casting was "perfect". Eggleston
19311-791: The same name This set index article includes a list of related items that share the same name (or similar names). If an internal link incorrectly led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. v t e RenderMan Open source Aqsis jrMan Pixie Freeware 3Delight Angel Retail 3Delight AIR (Advanced Image Rendering) Pixar RenderMan RenderDotC Historical Blue Moon Rendering Tools RenderMan Interface Specification RenderMan Shading Language v t e Pixar Animation Studios A subsidiary of Walt Disney Studios ,
19468-691: The seventh-highest-grossing film outside the U.S. and Canada, and the seventh-highest-grossing film of 2015 with a total gross of $ 858.8 million. Deadline Hollywood calculated the film's net profit as $ 279.51 million, accounting for production budgets, marketing, talent participation, and other costs; box-office grosses and home-media revenues placed it sixth on their list of 2015's "Most Valuable Blockbusters". Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment released Inside Out for digital download on October 13, 2015, and on Blu-ray and DVD on November 3. Physical copies contain an audio commentary , behind-the-scenes featurettes, deleted scenes, and
19625-409: The short films Riley's First Date? and Lava . Inside Out was the best-selling home-video release of November 2015 and the number-five rental during its release week. Blu-ray accounted for 57 percent of its sales. By the end of 2015, the physical release had grossed about $ 97.8 million. A 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray version was released in 2019. Inside Out received critical acclaim, and
19782-508: The story. Docter determined the concept of personality islands could integrate the mind world's geography and story. In 2012, the film was put into production after several screenings and suggestions, and was evaluated after three months. Editor Kevin Nolting said seven versions of the film were created before the production began. Balancing the film's tone, for example, viewers' responses to Joy's cheerful nature while feeling negative about
19939-413: The studio proceeded with slightly smaller layoffs: 175 employees or approximately 14 percent of the studio's workforce of over 1,300 employees. The layoffs occurred as the studio began to rely less on direct-to-streaming series and more on feature films intended primarily for theatrical exhibition. On June 14 of the same year, Inside Out 2 was released and became financially successful. The film had
20096-465: The team worked on creating the precursor to RenderMan , called REYES (for "renders everything you ever saw"), and developed several critical technologies for CG — including particle effects and various animation tools. John Lasseter was hired to the Lucasfilm team for a week in late 1983 with the title "interface designer"; he animated the short film The Adventures of André & Wally B. In
20253-403: The team write Joy, illustrating a broad range of happiness after facing difficulties. With LeFauve's help, the team envisioned Joy as a vulnerable, intangible character because she is "unapologetically positive". From the outset, the idea of Joy's potential to excessively manipulate youth, persisted, setting off Riley's "social storms". In one instance, Riley was to have wanted the lead role as
20410-473: The theme. The cameras were created by the crew have attached sensors; these cameras were "rough" and "physical" but were improved in Inside Out after being used in Pixar's short film The Blue Umbrella (2013). Human–machine system was made to roam each person within Inside Out 's environment, assigning each of their performances to interact the film's scenes. Virtual ones were blocked using Layout before being animated. Michael Giacchino composed
20567-474: The train, but it is derailed when another island collapses. Joy, who is afraid all of the core memories will become sad, abandons Sadness and tries to ride a "recall tube" back to Headquarters. The ground below the tube collapses, sending Joy and Bing Bong plunging into the Memory Dump. Joydiscovers a sad memory of losing a hockey game that turned happy when Riley's parents and friends comforted her, and she realizes Sadness's purpose in alerting others when Riley
20724-457: The world's first computer-animated film. Edwin Catmull and Malcolm Blanchard were the first to be hired and were soon joined by Alvy Ray Smith and David DiFrancesco some months later, who were the four original members of the Computer Graphics Lab, located in a converted two-story garage acquired from the former Vanderbilt - Whitney estate. Schure invested significant funds into the computer graphics lab, approximately $ 15 million, providing
20881-413: The worldwide box office with an average gross of $ 589 million per film. Toy Story 3 (2010), Finding Dory (2016), Incredibles 2 (2018), Toy Story 4 (2019) and the aforementioned Inside Out 2 all grossed over $ 1 billion and are among the 50 highest-grossing films of all time . Moreover, 15 of Pixar's films are in the 50 highest-grossing animated films of all time . Inside Out 2
21038-677: The year . In July 2020, due to the worldwide closure of cinemas during the COVID-19 pandemic and limits on which films played, Inside Out returned to 442 theaters—mostly drive-ins —and grossed $ 340,000. Outside the U.S. and Canada, Inside Out grossed $ 40.3 million during its opening weekend in 37 markets. Its top-grossing markets were China at $ 11.7 million, the United Kingdom at $ 11.5 million, Mexico at $ 8.6 million, Russia at $ 7.6 million, Italy at $ 7.4 million, Germany at $ 7.1 million, and South Korea at $ 5.2 million. Inside Out
21195-489: The year. In its first half-hour of trading, Pixar stock shot from $ 22 to $ 45, delaying trading because of unmatched buy orders. Shares climbed to US$ 49 and closed the day at $ 39. The company continued to make the television commercials during the production of Toy Story , which came to an end on July 9, 1996, when Pixar announced they would shut down its television commercial unit, which counted 18 employees, to focus on longer projects and interactive entertainment. During
21352-409: Was The Rescuers Down Under (1990). In a bid to drive sales of the system and increase the company's capital, Jobs suggested releasing the product to the mainstream market. Pixar employee John Lasseter, who had long been working on not-for-profit short demonstration animations, such as Luxo Jr. (1986) to show off the device's capabilities, premiered his creations to great fanfare at SIGGRAPH ,
21509-623: Was green-lit in October 2009 after director Pete Docter noticed his daughter Elie becoming "more quiet and reserved", and began to wonder what was happening internally. Docter invited Ronnie del Carmen , who had worked as story supervisor on Finding Nemo (2003) and Up (2009), to join the project as co-director, a role del Carmen accepted. They sought inspiration from their own personal histories and experiences, and conferred with psychologists and specialists such as psychologist Paul Ekman and Dacher Keltner , professor of psychology at
21666-468: Was announced that Lee Unkrich would be leaving Pixar after 25 years. On June 21, 2019, Toy Story 4 was released, surpassing the widest opening worldwide weekend record that Incredibles 2 set. The film would make over $ 1 billion and win the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature. During the 2019 D23 Expo , Pixar announced that their next film, Soul , would release in 2020. Ahead of
21823-457: Was changed to blue. After Pixar presented potential designs of Riley to the audience, Lozano thought the character looked like Elie. Animation of Inside Out took a year and a half. About 48 animators, including supervisors Shawn Krause and Navone, and director Jamie Roe and 350 artists—35 of them lighting–led by cinematographer Kim White–and 10 layout —and technicians were involved in the production. Two animation teams were assembled: one for
21980-418: Was closed down to refocus Pixar's efforts at its main headquarters. In November 2014, Morris was promoted to president of Pixar, while his counterpart at Disney Animation, general manager Andrew Millstein, was also promoted to president of that studio. Both continued to report to Catmull, who retained the title of president of both Disney Animation and Pixar. On November 21, 2017, Lasseter announced that he
22137-416: Was considered difficult despite the enthusiasm of executives at Disney and Pixar for the film. Writing for The Washington Post , Kristen Page-Kirby described this as "absolutely screwed". Disney's marketing strategy included an active social media campaign, a worldwide publicity tour, and the creation of five colorful character posters. Kind did not take part in Inside Out 's marketing because
22294-638: Was derived from pinwheels, Champagne , and sparklers. Lozano thought Joy looked like Audrey Hepburn . For Joy to become brightened, the RenderMan team developed geometrical optics , and Docter suggested designing her with "sprite-like and golden" modifications. These effects function dependably due to Joy's typical type. Over 750 shots were made using artistic performance and lighting cinematography. The filmmakers worked on Joy's aura for eight months but encountered difficulties with time and budget. Lasseter requested that it be applied for each emotion instead. Eggleston described this technique, saying "You could hear
22451-414: Was designed so that traditional animators would require a minimum amount of training before becoming productive. In a 2007 interview with PBS talk show host Tavis Smiley , Lasseter said that Pixar's films follow the same theme of self-improvement as the company itself has: with the help of friends or family, a character ventures out into the real world and learns to appreciate his friends and family. At
22608-582: Was directed by Pete Docter from a screenplay he co-wrote with Meg LeFauve and Josh Cooley . The film stars the voices of Amy Poehler , Phyllis Smith , Richard Kind , Bill Hader , Lewis Black , Mindy Kaling , Kaitlyn Dias, Diane Lane , and Kyle MacLachlan . Inside Out follows the inner workings of the mind of Riley, a young girl who adapts to her family's relocation as five personified emotions administer her thoughts and actions. Docter conceived Inside Out in October 2009 after observing changes in his daughter's personality as she grew older. The project
22765-405: Was listed on many critics' top-ten lists in 2015. It has an approval rating of 98% based on 384 professional reviews on the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes , with an average rating of 8.9/10. The consensus reads, "Inventive, gorgeously animated, and powerfully moving, Inside Out is another outstanding addition to the Pixar library of modern animated classics". Metacritic (which uses
22922-416: Was originally commissioned by Disney as a 60-minute direct-to-video film. Expressing doubts about the strength of the material, John Lasseter convinced the Pixar team to start from scratch and make the sequel their third full-length feature film. Inside Out (2015 film) Inside Out is a 2015 American animated coming-of-age film produced by Pixar Animation Studios for Walt Disney Pictures . It
23079-514: Was originally composed of just four people (Lasseter, Bill Reeves , Eben Ostby , and Sam Leffler ), was turned into a division that produced computer-animated commercials for outside companies. In April 1990, Pixar sold its hardware division, including all proprietary hardware technology and imaging software, to Vicom Systems, and transferred 18 of Pixar's approximately 100 employees. In the same year Pixar moved from San Rafael to Richmond, California . Pixar released some of its software tools on
23236-410: Was released in June 2022. The film became a box-office failure with Deadline Hollywood calculating the film lost the studio $ 106 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues. In September 2022, Jonas Rivera was promoted to Executive VP of Film Production at Pixar overseeing all film and streaming production. In December 2022, Disney CEO Bob Iger noted that they would rely more on
23393-402: Was required "to solve the problem on its own" despite knowing that there were personnel at the other studio who theoretically could have helped. On April 20, 2010, Pixar opened Pixar Canada in the downtown area of Vancouver , British Columbia, Canada. The roughly 2,000 square meters studio produced seven short films based on Toy Story and Cars characters. In October 2013, the studio
23550-489: Was secret before reaffirming his involvement in Inside Out . In preparation, Hader practiced "almost every emotion" and his screaming voice in recording sessions. Fear was modeled on both actor Don Knotts and Rowan Atkinson 's character Mr. Bean , both of whom have wide eyes. Docter described Fear as "the kind of guy who could bring sophistication and then flip on a dime". Mindy Kaling attended six recording sessions within four hours to voice Disgust before being cast in
23707-486: Was spun out as a corporation in February 1986 by Catmull and Smith. Among the 38 remaining employees were Malcolm Blanchard, David DiFrancesco, Ralph Guggenheim , and Bill Reeves, who had been part of the team since the days of NYIT. Tom Duff , also an NYIT member, would later join Pixar after its formation. With Lucas's 1983 divorce, which coincided with the sudden dropoff in revenues from Star Wars licenses following
23864-409: Was still the dominant medium for feature animated films. With the scarcity of Los Angeles-based animators willing to move their families so far north to give up traditional animation and try computer animation, Pixar's new hires at this time either came directly from college or had worked outside feature animation. For those who had traditional animation skills, the Pixar animation software Marionette
24021-405: Was subsequently green-lit , and Docter and co-director Ronnie del Carmen developed the story, while consulting psychologists and neuroscientists in an effort to accurately portray the mind. Development took five and a half years on a budget of approximately $ 175 million. Significant changes to the film's story and characters delayed the film's production schedule . Inside Out debuted at
24178-408: Was taking a six-month leave of absence after acknowledging what he called "missteps" in his behavior with employees in a memo to staff. According to The Hollywood Reporter and The Washington Post , Lasseter had a history of alleged sexual misconduct towards employees. On June 8, 2018, it was announced that Lasseter would leave Disney Animation and Pixar at the end of the year, but would take on
24335-473: Was tasked with outlining the mind and real worlds through design briefs . The mind world incorporates soft surfaces, increased use of saturated colors and contrasty light, and translucency whereas the real world uses opposite attributes. The worlds' design resembles those of Pixar films Up and Toy Story 3 (2010), the romantic drama One from the Heart (1982), David Hockney 's theatrical productions, and
24492-437: Was the first Pixar film to be produced without involvement from the studio's co-founder Steve Jobs , who died in 2011. The film's development process took five-and-a-half years and had a budget of approximately $ 175 million. Ralph Eggleston , Pixar's production designer since 1992, stated it was the hardest and longest film he had ever worked on. As a result, first-time directors were considered ineligible to work on
24649-521: Was the first Pixar film to gross over one billion rubles in Russia. The film grossed a further $ 501.9 million, its highest grosses coming from the United Kingdom ($ 59.4 million), Japan ($ 33 million), Germany ($ 31.6 million), Mexico ($ 31.1 million), South Korea ($ 30.9 million), France ($ 30.1 million), Italy ($ 27.1 million), Venezuela ($ 25.4 million), and Australia ($ 24.2 million). This made it
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