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70-570: In 2022, the group achieved a turnover of €850 million and employed 3,000 people. About 70 percent of its turnover was generated by tank and marine gear units. Founded in 1873, the company has been either fully-owned or majority-owned by private equity investor Triton since 2020. Renk returned to the Frankfurt Stock Exchange following an initial public offering in 2024. The company traces back to Johann Julius Renk (4 January 1848 – 3 November 1896). He completed an apprenticeship as

140-443: A thrust washer . Two-piece plain bearings, known as full bearings in industrial machinery, are commonly used for larger diameters, such as crankshaft bearings. The two halves are called shells . There are various systems used to keep the shells located. The most common method is a tab on the parting line edge that correlates with a notch in the housing to prevent axial movement after installation. For large, thick shells

210-416: A locksmith and lathe operator at Maschinenfabrik Augsburg, later MAN Group , and began working as a journeyman lathe operator at Maschinenfabrik L. A. Riedinger. During this time, Renk had the idea of a machine that could produce gears completely mechanically. The usual production process at that time consisted of two individual steps, the mechanical slitting of the wheel bodies and the manual filing of

280-414: A solid bearing , journal bearing , or friction bearing ), is the simplest type of bearing , comprising just a bearing surface and no rolling elements. Therefore, the part of the shaft in contact with the bearing slides over the bearing surface. The simplest example of a plain bearing is a shaft rotating in a hole. A simple linear bearing can be a pair of flat surfaces designed to allow motion; e.g.,

350-403: A static amount of pressure. In a hydrodynamic bearing the pressure in the oil film is maintained by the rotation of the journal. Hydrostatic bearings enter a hydrodynamic state when the journal is rotating. Hydrostatic bearings usually use oil , while hydrodynamic bearings can use oil or grease , however bearings can be designed to use whatever fluid is available, and several pump designs use

420-400: A button stop or dowel pin is used. The button stop is screwed to the housing, while the dowel pin keys the two shells together. Another less common method uses a dowel pin that keys the shell to the housing through a hole or slot in the shell. The distance from one parting edge to the other is slightly larger than the corresponding distance in the housing so that a light amount of pressure

490-405: A drawer and the slides it rests on or the ways on the bed of a lathe . Plain bearings, in general, are the least expensive type of bearing. They are also compact and lightweight, and they have a high load-carrying capacity. The design of a plain bearing depends on the type of motion the bearing must provide. The three types of motions possible are: Integral plain bearings are built into

560-516: A fine of €150,000 for bribery. Yves Manuel received a three-year suspended sentence and a fine of €150,000 for complicity in bribery of a public official. The sentences imposed on Hirt and Schulze under French law were also upheld by the Paris Court of Appeals in March 2007. Both received 18-month suspended sentences and fines of €100,000 each. Manfred Hirt resigned from his position as Spokesman of

630-513: A fluid bearing when operating outside of its normal operating conditions; e.g., at startup and shutdown. Fluid lubrication results in a full-film or a boundary condition lubrication mode. A properly designed bearing system reduces friction by eliminating surface-to-surface contact between the journal and bearing through fluid dynamic effects . Fluid bearings can be hydrostatically or hydrodynamically lubricated. Hydrostatically lubricated bearings are lubricated by an external pump that maintains

700-426: A good interface for heat to travel out of the bearings into the housing. Plain bearings must be made from a material that is durable, low friction , low wear to the bearing and shaft, resistant to elevated temperatures, and corrosion resistant . Often the bearing is made up of at least two constituents, where one is soft and the other is hard. The hard constituent supports the load while the soft constituent supports

770-520: A great stir among experts at the time, Renk was awarded the patent DRP 8000/79 in 1879 (production of the first involute gearing with a pressure angle of 14.5 degrees). In the same year, the company moved to the Göggingen district of Augsburg and established Renk's headquarters there, which still exist as of 2023. In 1888, Renk owned 15 self-built gear planing machines, among other machine tools. His workforce consisted of 37 employees. Two years later,

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840-528: A minority owner, assuming nearly a 7 percent stake, while Wellington Management Company was another anchor investor. Renk Holding GmbH is the parent company of the Renk Group. It holds an indirect interest in the operationally active Renk companies through its direct wholly-owned shareholding in Renk FinCo GmbH. The company is a wholly owned subsidiary of the private equity group Triton. In 2022,

910-471: A radial feature. Two such examples include two retaining rings , or a ring that is molded onto the OD of the bushing that matches with a groove in the housing. This is usually a more durable way to retain the bushing, because the forces acting on the bushing could press it out. Flanged bushings are designed for enhanced resistance to both radial and axial loads. The thrust form of a bushing is conventionally called

980-466: A significant part of Renk's sales is generated by the production of gearboxes for tanks and warships . In reaction to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the public view of exports of German military equipment to foreign countries changed. Since then, Renk, like other companies, has been attested to be a necessary manufacturer for the sector. On 29 September 1993, Renk AG signed a contract with GIAT for

1050-546: A solid polymer (plastic) type. Plastic bearings are now quite common, including usage in photocopy machines , tills , farm equipment , textile machinery, medical devices , food and packaging machines, car seating, and marine equipment. Common plastics include nylon , polyacetal , polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), rulon , PEEK , urethane , and vespel (a high-performance polyimide ). The types of lubrication system can be categorized into three groups: Examples of

1120-410: A solid sleeved bushing is solid all the way around, a split bushing has a cut along its length, and a clenched bearing is similar to a split bushing but with a clench (or clinch ) across the cut connecting the parts. A flanged bushing is a sleeve bushing with a flange at one end extending radially outward from the OD. The flange is used to positively locate the bushing when it is installed or to provide

1190-418: A stabilising load to minimize whirl. One such is called the lemon bore or elliptical bore . In this design, shims are installed between the two halves of the bearing housing and then the bore is machined to size. After the shims are removed, the bore resembles a lemon shape, which decreases the clearance in one direction of the bore and increases the pre-load in that direction. The disadvantage of this design

1260-512: A thrust bearing surface. Sleeve bearings of inch dimensions are almost exclusively dimensioned using the SAE numbering system. The numbering system uses the format -XXYY-ZZ, where XX is the ID in sixteenths of an inch, YY is the OD in sixteenths of an inch, and ZZ is the length in eighths of an inch. Metric sizes also exist. A linear bushing is not usually pressed into a housing, but rather secured with

1330-491: A view to improving the continuity of prices and to avoid mistrades, several protective mechanisms are in place for the trading venues Xetra and Börse Frankfurt . These include volatility interruption, market order interruption, and liquidity interruption measures. The origins of the Frankfurt Stock Exchange go back to medieval trade fairs in the 11th century. By the 16th century Frankfurt developed into

1400-565: A wealthy and busy city with an economy based on trade and financial services. In 1585 a bourse was established to set up fixed currency exchange rates , which is considered to mark the 'birth' of the stock exchange. During the following centuries Frankfurt developed into one of the world's first stock exchanges – next to Amsterdam , London and Paris . Bankers like Mayer Amschel Rothschild and Max Warburg had substantial influence on Frankfurt's financial trade. In 1879 Frankfurt Stock Exchange moved into its new building at Börsenplatz. During

1470-534: Is a solid one-piece metal bushing with a figure eight groove channel on the inner diameter that is filled with graphite. A similar bearing replaces the figure eight groove with holes plugged with graphite. This lubricates the bearing inside and out. The last form is a plastic bearing, which has the lubricant molded into the bearing. The lubricant is released as the bearing is run in . There are three main types of lubrication: full-film condition , boundary condition , and dry condition . Full-film conditions are when

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1540-478: Is considered good design practice for injection molding. Plastic bearings are subject to the same design cautions as all other plastic parts: creep, high thermal expansion, softening (increased wear/reduced life) at elevated temperature, brittle fractures at cold temperatures, and swelling due to moisture absorption. While most bearing-grade plastics/polymers are designed to reduce these design cautions, they still exist and should be carefully considered before specifying

1610-400: Is inserted into a housing to provide a bearing surface for rotary applications; this is the most common form of a plain bearing. Common designs include solid ( sleeve and flanged ), split , and clenched bushings. A sleeve, split, or clenched bushing is only a "sleeve" of material with an inner diameter (ID), outer diameter (OD), and length. The difference between the three types is that

1680-401: Is its lower load carrying capacity, as compared to typical journal bearings. It is also still susceptible to oil whirl at high speeds, however its cost is relatively low. Another design is the pressure dam or dammed groove , which has a shallow relief cut in the center of the bearing over the top half of the bearing. The groove abruptly stops in order to create a downward force to stabilize

1750-867: Is relatively low. The cast iron glazes over therefore wear becomes negligible. In harsh environments, such as ovens and dryers , a copper and graphite alloy, commonly known by the trademarked name graphalloy , is used. The graphite is a dry lubricant , therefore it is low friction and low maintenance. The copper adds strength, durability, and provides heat dissipation characteristics. Unalloyed graphite bearings are used in special applications, such as locations that are submerged in water. Known as jewel bearings , these bearings use jewels , such as sapphire , ruby , and garnet . Solid plastic plain bearings are now increasingly popular due to dry-running lubrication-free behavior. Solid polymer plain bearings are low weight, corrosion resistant, and maintenance free. After studies spanning decades, an accurate calculation of

1820-402: Is required to install the bearing. This keeps the bearing in place as the two halves of the housing are installed. Finally, the shell's circumference is also slightly larger than the housing circumference so that when the two halves are bolted together the bearing crushes slightly. This creates a large amount of radial force around the entire bearing, which keeps it from spinning . It also forms

1890-413: The attitude angle , which is the angle formed between the vertical and a line that crosses through the center of the journal and the center of the bearing, and the eccentricity ratio, which is the ratio of the distance of the centre of the journal from the centre of the bearing, to the overall radial clearance. The attitude angle and eccentricity ratio are dependent on the direction and speed of rotation and

1960-655: The Board of the Renk AG and handed it over to Florian Hofbauer effective 31 August 2007, and left the board completely at the end of 2007. Frankfurt Stock Exchange The Frankfurt Stock Exchange (German: Börse Frankfurt , former German name: Frankfurter Wertpapierbörse , FWB ) is the world's 3rd oldest and 12th largest stock exchange by market capitalization . It has operations from 8:00 am to 10:00 pm ( German time ). Located in Frankfurt , Germany,

2030-731: The Frankfurt Stock Exchange is owned and operated by Deutsche Börse AG and Börse Frankfurt Zertifikate AG. It is located in the district of Innenstadt and within the central business district known as Bankenviertel . With 90 percent of its turnover generated in Germany, namely at the two trading venues Xetra and Börse Frankfurt, the Frankfurt Stock Exchange is the largest of the seven regional securities exchanges in Germany. The trading indices are DAX , DAXplus, CDAX , DivDAX, LDAX, MDAX , SDAX , TecDAX , VDAX and EuroStoxx 50 . Through its Deutsche Börse Cash Market business section, Deutsche Börse AG now operates two trading venues at

2100-762: The Frankfurt Stock Exchange. Trading at the Frankfurt Stock Exchange is governed by clear rules, which apply equally for all trading participants. Independent market surveillance is made up of the Trading Surveillance Office (HÜSt), the Exchange Supervisory Authority attached to the Hessian Ministry of Economic Affairs, Transportation, and Regional Development, and the Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (BaFin). With

2170-461: The Frelon is chemically inert . A common plain bearing design utilizes a hardened and polished steel shaft and a softer bronze bushing. The bushing is replaced whenever it has worn too much. Common bronze alloys used for bearings include: SAE 841 , SAE 660 ( CDA 932 ), SAE 863 , and CDA 954 . A cast iron bearing can be used with a hardened steel shaft because the coefficient of friction

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2240-727: The French Minister of the Interior, Charles Pasqua, during this period and later prefect of the Var department. A consultancy contract of 19 September 1993 with the company Irish Euro Agencies Ltd served as a cover for the money payment. The money was first paid into an account at the Westminster Bank in London and then channelled into two Swiss accounts. Marchiani was sentenced to three years' imprisonment without probation and

2310-569: The Munich Regional Court, a total of 75 claimants objected to the amount of the cash compensation determined. The proceedings were ended by a settlement. Renk was delisted from the stock exchange in February 2021. In February 2024, Renk completed an initial public offering raising €500 million and was relisted on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange, following which Triton continued to be a majority owner. KMW+Nexter Defense Systems became

2380-796: The Renk Corporation Labeco Division was formed when Renk Corporation, a division of the German Renk AG, purchased the test systems engineering business of the US Laboratory Equipment Corporation (Labeco). At the same time, the product division Plain Bearings of A. Friedr. Flender AG joined the company. On 1 April 2004, the Test Systems business unit became legally independent and was spun off into Renk Test System GmbH. In 2007,

2450-704: The Sammellager V in Augsburg. Among the most important customers after the Second World War were steel processing companies, such as the Group's sister company Schloemann, to which multiple large rolling mill gearboxes were supplied. By the end of the 1950s, sales had increased to around DM50 million and Renk employed over 1,400 workers. In the following decades, the company expanded its product range by acquiring rival companies. These acquisitions included

2520-637: The US and Canada , as well as a sales and design office in Sonthofen in the Allgäu region. In addition, Renk has its own representatives in over 100 countries. The Group has the following subsidiaries: * Renk America LLC was formed in 2021 from the Combat Propulsion Systems business acquired from L3Harris Technologies. ** In the course of establishing Renk America LLC, Renk Holdings Inc.

2590-427: The bearing walls. There are many forms of self-lubricating bearings. The first, and most common, are sintered metal bearings, which have porous walls. The porous walls draw oil in via capillary action and release the oil when pressure or heat is applied. An example of a sintered metal bearing in action can be seen in self-lubricating chains , which require no additional lubrication during operation. Another form

2660-485: The bearing's load is carried solely by a film of fluid lubricant and there is no contact between the two bearing surfaces. In mix or boundary conditions, load is carried partly by direct surface contact and partly by a film forming between the two. In a dry condition, the full load is carried by surface-to-surface contact. Bearings that are made from bearing grade materials always run in the dry condition. The other two classes of plain bearings can run in all three conditions;

2730-401: The bearing. In some cases the frequency of the whirl coincides with and "locks on to" the critical speed of the machine shaft; this condition is known as "oil whip". Oil whip can be very destructive. Oil whirl can be prevented by a stabilising force applied to the journal. A number of bearing designs seek to use bearing geometry to either provide an obstacle to the whirling fluid or to provide

2800-560: The board of directors at Renk GmbH has consisted of the following persons: Claus von Hermann (chairman of the supervisory board), Horst Ott (employee representative), Swantje Conrad, Sascha Dudzik (employee representative), Cécile Duthell, Lothar Evers (employee representative), Johannes Meier, Adela Lieb (employee representative), Klaus Refle (employee representative), Mario Sommer (employee representative), Klaus Stahlmann and Rainer Martens. The Renk Group has works councils at its Augsburg , Rheine , and Hanover sites. The representatives of

2870-539: The company made the headlines due to a bribery affair. A court of appeal in Paris issued suspended sentences against Renk board spokesman Manfred Hirt and his former deputy Norbert Schulze. Renk-Maag GmbH was also founded in the same year. Renk-Maag GmbH emerged in May from Winterthur-based Maag-Gear, which manufactured turbo gearboxes and spare parts as well as synchronization , manual , and gear clutches. As of 2011, Renk AG

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2940-407: The company, including land, equipment and machinery, from Renk's heirs at a price of DM666,391.51. In the corporation's first fiscal year, the workforce consisted of 130 employees. In the years after the turn of the century, the company expanded production so that by 1913 around 700 people were employed. The company changed its name to Zahnräderfabrik Augsburg AG in the same year. In order to mitigate

3010-409: The condition in which a bearing runs is dependent on the operating conditions, load, relative surface speed, clearance within the bearing, quality and quantity of lubricant, and temperature (affecting lubricant viscosity). If the plain bearing is not designed to run in the dry or boundary condition, it has a high coefficient of friction and wears out. Dry and boundary conditions may be experienced even in

3080-582: The consequences of the First World War and ensure the company's continued existence, it was incorporated into the mechanical engineering group Gutehoffnungshütte (GHH) from Oberhausen, which later became MAN , in 1923. Also that year, the company became publicly listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange . In the following years, Renk thus was able to benefit from clients within the group as well as from favourable sources of fuel, pig iron and steel . From 1926, ground gears were produced in Augsburg. In

3150-474: The end of 2018, Renk AG was demerged from MAN SE into Volkswagen Vermögensverwaltungs GmbH. In December 2020, the annual general meeting of Renk AG resolved to transfer the shares of its minority shareholders in return for cash compensation as part of a merger with Rebecca BidCo AG, a portfolio company of Triton Fund V, and subsequently to convert the AG into Renk GmbH . In the subsequent appraisal proceedings before

3220-498: The entrepreneur founded a factory health insurance fund for his workforce. When Renk died in November 1896, his company employed over 100 workers who produced about 12,000 gears of all kinds every year. The turnover was around DM 500,000. After the founder's death, his company was converted into a joint-stock company with the name Zahnräderfabrik Augsburg vorm. Joh. Renk Act. Ges. on 11 March 1897. The newly founded company acquired

3290-531: The final third of the 19th century, Frankfurt was a major financial center in the Atlantic world. It was only in 1949 after World War II that the Frankfurt Stock Exchange finally established as the leading stock exchange in Germany with consequently incoming national and international investments. During the 1990s the Frankfurt Stock Exchange was also bourse for the Neuer Markt (New Market) as part of

3360-441: The finished gears using templates. In May 1873, Renk set up his own small workshop for the mechanical production of gears in Augsburg's Lechviertel district. First, he developed a semi-automatic spur gear planing machine that worked using templates. Barely four years after founding his workshop, he also designed and built a machine tool that could produce conical wheels, today known as bevel gears . For this invention, which caused

3430-435: The group achieved a turnover of €850 million and employed 3,000 people. Renk generated about 70 % of its turnover with tanks and marine gear units. The management board includes Susanne Wiegand ( Chairwoman ) and Christian Schulz (Finance). Renk is divided into four independent strategic business units: Special Gear Units (Industrial and Marine), Vehicle Transmissions, Standard Gear Units and Plain Bearings. Since May 2021,

3500-435: The hard constituent. In general, the harder the surfaces in contact the lower the coefficient of friction and the greater the pressure required for the two to gall or to seize when lubrication fails. Babbitt is usually used in integral bearings. It is coated over the bore, usually to a thickness of 0.25 to 2.5  mm (9.8 to 98.4 thou ), depending on the diameter. Babbitt is made using soft material when compared to

3570-400: The item may be replaced or reworked to accept a bushing. Integral bearings were very common in 19th-century machinery, but became progressively less common as interchangeable manufacture became popular. For example, a common integral plain bearing is the hinge , which is both a thrust bearing and a journal bearing. A bushing , also known as a bush , is an independent plain bearing that

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3640-422: The journal. This design has a high load capacity and corrects most oil whirl situations. The disadvantage is that it only works in one direction. Offsetting the bearing halves does the same thing as the pressure dam. The only difference is the load capacity increases as the offset increases. A more radical design is the tilting-pad design, which uses multiple pads that are designed to move with changing loads. It

3710-416: The load. In hydrostatic bearings the oil pressure also affects the eccentricity ratio. In electromagnetic equipment like motors, electromagnetic forces can counteract gravity loads, causing the journal to take up unusual positions. One disadvantage specific to fluid-lubricated, hydrodynamic journal bearings in high-speed machinery is oil whirl —a self-excited vibration of the journal. Oil whirl occurs when

3780-413: The lubrication wedge becomes unstable: small disturbances of the journal result in reaction forces from the oil film, which cause further movement, causing both the oil film and the journal to "whirl" around the bearing shell. Typically the whirl frequency is around 42% of the journal turning speed. In extreme cases oil whirl leads to direct contact between the journal and the bearing, which quickly wears out

3850-610: The material of composition of the journal or the rotating shaft. Babbitt bearings are designed to not damage the journal during direct contact and to collect any contaminants in the lubrication. Bi-material bearings consist of two materials, a metal shell and a plastic bearing surface. Common combinations include a steel-backed PTFE -coated bronze and aluminum-backed Frelon . Steel-backed PTFE-coated bronze bearings are rated for more load than most other bi-metal bearings and are used for rotary and oscillating motions. Aluminum -backed Frelon are commonly used in corrosive environments because

3920-439: The object of use as a hole prepared in the bearing surface. Industrial integral bearings are usually made from cast iron or babbitt , and a hardened steel shaft is used in the bearing. Integral bearings are not as common because bushings are easier to accommodate and can be replaced if necessary. Depending on the material, an integral bearing may be less expensive but it cannot be replaced. If an integral bearing wears out,

3990-605: The presence of the European Central Bank in Frankfurt. In 2002 and 2004 Deutsche Börse was in advanced negotiations to take over London Stock Exchange , which were broken off in 2005. A further merger bid was blocked by the European Commission in 2017. Plain bearing A plain bearing , or more commonly sliding contact bearing and slide bearing (in railroading sometimes called

4060-429: The pumped fluid as a lubricant. Hydrodynamic bearings require greater care in design and operation than hydrostatic bearings. They are also more prone to initial wear because lubrication does not occur until there is rotation of the shaft. At low rotational speeds the lubrication may not attain complete separation between shaft and bushing. As a result, hydrodynamic bearings may be aided by secondary bearings that support

4130-423: The second type of bearing are Oilites and plastic bearings made from polyacetal ; examples of the third type are metalized graphite bearings and PTFE bearings. Most plain bearings have a plain inner surface; however, some are grooved , such as spiral groove bearing . The grooves help lubrication enter the bearing and cover the whole journal. Self-lubricating plain bearings have a lubricant contained within

4200-465: The service life of polymer plain bearings is possible today. Designing with solid polymer plain bearings is complicated by the wide range, and non-linearity, of coefficient of thermal expansion . These materials can heat rapidly when used in applications outside the recommended pV limits. Solid polymer type bearings are limited by the injection molding process. Not all shapes are possible with this process, and shapes that are possible are limited to what

4270-402: The shaft during start and stop periods, protecting the fine tolerance machined surfaces of the journal bearing. On the other hand, hydrodynamic bearings are simpler to install and are less expensive. In the hydrodynamic state a lubrication "wedge" forms, which lifts the journal. The journal also slightly shifts horizontally in the direction of rotation. The location of the journal is measured by

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4340-715: The subsidiaries Renk Gears Private Ltd. in India and Renk Korea Co. Ltd. in South Korea were founded. Further expansion followed with the acquisitions of Horstman Holdings Limited in the UK in 2019, the Combat Propulsion Systems division of defence contractor L3Harris Technologies in the US and General Kinetics in Canada , a specialist in suspension and running gear and supplier of mobility systems for wheeled and tracked armoured vehicles. At

4410-478: The supply of transmissions for 436 Leclerc tanks . Turnover from this transaction amounted to approximately €100 million. The tanks were manufactured for the United Arab Emirates. To secure this contract, Renk board spokesman Manfred Hirt and his deputy Norbert Schulze paid bribes amounting to a total of 5.13 million German marks to Jean-Charles Marchiani and Yves Manuel. Marchiani was an advisor to

4480-673: The takeover of Eisenwerk Wülfel in Hanover in 1975 and the Tacke GmbH in Rheine in 1986. The French companies Société Européenne d'Engrenages (SEE) and Société d'Equipements, Systèmes et Mécanismes (SESM) joined Renk in 1989. Thus, the company expanded into the areas of plain bearings and flexible couplings through Wülfel, crown gear couplings and certain marine gears through Tacke, small marine reversing gears and brake discs through SEE as well as armoured gear units through SESM. The company

4550-609: The work councils include six members of the supervisory board. The Renk Group has manufacturing plants in Augsburg (vehicle, industrial and marine transmissions, test systems), Rheine (industrial and marine transmissions, couplings), Hanover (plain bearings, couplings), Starnberg (Remk Magnet-Motor), Bath in England, Saint-Ouen-l'Aumône in France (vehicle transmissions), Winterthur in Switzerland, Muskegon and Sterling Heights in

4620-541: The worldwide dot-com boom. In 1993 the Frankfurter Wertpapierbörse (Frankfurt Stock Exchange) became Deutsche Börse AG, operating businesses for the exchange. From the early 1960s onwards the Frankfurt Stock Exchange took advantage of the close by Bundesbank which effectively decided on financial policies in Europe until the introduction of the euro in 2002. Since then the exchange profits from

4690-664: The years before and during the Second World War , the company was a major supplier for the German Wehrmacht . Forced labourers were used on a large scale during the Second World War. In August 1942, 180 men and 30 women from the territories of the Soviet Union alone were forced labourers at Renk. In 1944, around 2,000 forced labourers for the Messerschmitt , Renk and Alpine companies were housed in

4760-585: Was a member of the Volkswagen Group due to the majority takeover of MAN by Volkswagen AG. Volkswagen held 76 % of the company's shares. Renk Shanghai Service and Commercial Ltd. Co. was founded in 2012, which also resulted in the opening of a Renk service centre in Shanghai . In 2017, Renk AG acquired the Dutch company Damen Schelde Gears B.V., a manufacturer of marine gear units. In the same year,

4830-608: Was founded to bundle all US activities. *** Horstman Canada Inc. was formed in 2023 from the merger of the defence company General Kinetics with the existing centre of excellence in Canada. List of current Renk transmissions for tracked vehicles: In the past, there has been repeated criticism that arms manufactured by German companies are exported to crisis and conflict regions, contrary to legal regulations. In particular, exports to countries such as Saudi Arabia or Algeria have been criticized. Renk participates in such programmes, and

4900-426: Was renamed to Renk Aktiengesellschaft (Renk AG) in 1987. In 1995, the merger of Renk Tacke GmbH with Renk AG was finally completed. In 1998, Renk was represented at three German locations in Augsburg, Hanover and Rheine, as well as four locations abroad, two of which were in France and one each in the US and Romania. At that time, the group employed 1,700 people, who achieved a turnover of around DM500 million. In 2000,

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