A marae (in New Zealand Māori , Cook Islands Māori , Tahitian ), malaʻe (in Tongan ), meʻae (in Marquesan ) or malae (in Samoan ) is a communal or sacred place that serves religious and social purposes in Polynesian societies. In all these languages, the term also means cleared and free of weeds or trees. Marae generally consist of an area of cleared land roughly rectangular (the marae itself), bordered with stones or wooden posts (called au in Tahitian and Cook Islands Māori) perhaps with paepae (terraces) which were traditionally used for ceremonial purposes; and in some cases, such as Easter Island , a central stone ahu or a'u is placed. In the Easter Island Rapa Nui culture, the term ahu or a'u has become a synonym for the whole marae complex.
36-754: Reporoa is a rural community in Rotorua Lakes within the Waikato region of New Zealand's North Island . It is located within the Reporoa Caldera , a caldera in the Taupo Volcanic Zone containing the Deer Hill, Kairuru and Pukekahu rhyolitic lava domes and the active Reporoa geothermal field. Several hydrothermal explosions have occurred in the area, with a large one being recorded in 1948, and another large one occurring in
72-449: A Karanga (call) . The wharenui is the locale for important meetings, sleepovers, and craft and other cultural activities. The wharekai (dining hall) is used primarily for communal meals, but other activities may be carried out there. Many of the words associated with marae in tropical Polynesia are retained in the Māori context. For example, the word paepae refers to the bench where
108-596: A Marae Taputapuatea of his own to wear the Maro-'ura (red waist girdle of the ariki) in. Mangaia had a marae named Taputapuatea and an ariori (priest) house. In the remote southeastern corner of the Polynesian Triangle elements of the traditional Polynesian marae evolved into the Rapa Nui /Easter Island ahu and their iconic moai (statues). According to Salmond, marae are "portals between Po,
144-553: A cow paddock in April 2005. The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "long swamp" for Reporoa . Reporoa is in two SA1 statistical areas which cover 15.67 km (6.05 sq mi). The SA1 areas are part of the Golden Springs statistical area. Reporoa had a population of 279 at the 2018 New Zealand census , unchanged since the 2013 census , and a decrease of 51 people (−15.5%) since
180-463: A roll of 201 as of August 2024. Reporoa also has two primary schools for Year 1 to 6 students: Reporoa School, with a roll of 110; and Broadlands School, with a roll of 104. Rotorua Lakes Rotorua Lakes District or Rotorua District is a territorial authority district in the North Island of New Zealand. It has one urban area of significant size, the city of Rotorua . The district
216-520: A venue for the teaching of whaikōrero (oratory), Māori language and culture, and important ceremonies for distinguished guests of the university. Two detailed secondary-school marae are located in the Waikato at Te Awamutu College and Fairfield College . The latter was designed by a Māori architect with a detailed knowledge of carving and weaving ; its wharenui features an intricately carved revolving pou (pillar) as well as many other striking features. In addition to school activities, it
252-589: Is 61.52% in the Bay of Plenty region and 38.48% in the Waikato region. Adjacent districts (in a clockwise direction starting in the north) are Western Bay of Plenty , Whakatāne , Taupō , and South Waikato . The Bay of Plenty portion of the district includes the settlements of Rotorua , Ngongotahā Valley , Mamaku , Hamurana , Mourea , Rotoiti Forest , Lake Rotoma , Lake Okareka , Lake Tarawera , Rerewhakaaitu , and Kaingaroa Forest . The Waikato portion includes
288-513: Is governed by Rotorua Lakes Council, which is headquartered in Rotorua and is headed by a mayor. The district falls within two regional council areas, with the majority of the area and Rotorua city in the Bay of Plenty Region and the rest in the Waikato region. Tania Tapsell has been the mayor of Rotorua since the 2022 local elections . Rotorua has an unusual history, as the town was built by
324-410: Is used for weddings. As in pre-European times, marae continue to be the location of many ceremonial events, including birthdays, weddings, and anniversaries. The most important event located at marae is the tangihanga . Tangihanga are the means by which the dead are farewelled and the surviving family members supported in Māori society. As indicated by Ka'ai and Higgins, "the importance of
360-450: The 2006 census . There were 99 households, comprising 141 males and 138 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.02 males per female, with 69 people (24.7%) aged under 15 years, 60 (21.5%) aged 15 to 29, 126 (45.2%) aged 30 to 64, and 24 (8.6%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 63.4% European/ Pākehā , 51.6% Māori , 5.4% Pacific peoples , and 4.3% Asian . People may identify with more than one ethnicity. Although some people chose not to answer
396-605: The 2013 census , and an increase of 3 people (0.2%) since the 2006 census . There were 609 households, comprising 939 males and 831 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.13 males per female. The median age was 31.6 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 468 people (26.5%) aged under 15 years, 366 (20.7%) aged 15 to 29, 810 (45.8%) aged 30 to 64, and 123 (7.0%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 80.0% European/ Pākehā , 29.9% Māori , 2.9% Pacific peoples , 4.9% Asian , and 1.5% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. The percentage of people born overseas
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#1732794311978432-802: The 2018 census , and an increase of 8,778 people (13.4%) since the 2013 census . There were 36,336 males, 37,491 females and 234 people of other genders in 25,905 dwellings. 2.6% of people identified as LGBTIQ+ . The median age was 36.6 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 16,053 people (21.7%) aged under 15 years, 14,076 (19.0%) aged 15 to 29, 32,358 (43.7%) aged 30 to 64, and 11,571 (15.6%) aged 65 or older. People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 61.6% European ( Pākehā ); 43.5% Māori ; 6.4% Pasifika ; 10.1% Asian ; 0.7% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 2.0% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English
468-456: The Māori ward , and one for the rural ward. Rotorua has four sister cities : [REDACTED] Media related to Rotorua District at Wikimedia Commons Marae In some modern Polynesian societies, notably that of the Māori of New Zealand , the marae is still a vital part of everyday life. In tropical Polynesia, most marae were destroyed or abandoned with the arrival of Christianity in
504-406: The marae is a place where the culture can be celebrated, where the Māori language can be spoken, where intertribal obligations can be met, where customs can be explored and debated, where family occasions such as birthdays can be held, and where important ceremonies, such as welcoming visitors or farewelling the dead ( tangihanga ), can be performed. Like the related institutions of old Polynesia,
540-573: The marae is a wāhi tapu , a 'sacred place' which carries great cultural meaning. In Māori usage, the marae ātea (often shortened to marae ) is the open space in front of the wharenui (meeting house; literally "large building"). Generally the term marae is used to refer to the whole complex, including the buildings and the ātea . This area is used for pōwhiri (welcome ceremonies) featuring oratory. Some iwi (tribes) and hapū (sub-tribes) do not allow women to perform oratory on their marae , though typically women perform
576-506: The 13th century, was built by Tangi'ia who brought the central stone with him from the ancient marae of the same name at Ra'iātea . Indeed, it seems that it was quite usual in ancient times to take a stone from this marae. The son of Tetupaia and Teu had not only the right to a seat in the great Marae of Taputapuatea in Raiatea, but he could take his stone from Taputapuatea and set it up in his own district of Pare Arue (Tahiti), so founding
612-481: The 19th century, and some have become attractions for tourists or archaeologists. Nevertheless, the place where these marae were built are still considered tapu (sacred) in most of these cultures. As is usual with Māori nouns, the same word serves as the singular and plural of marae . The word has been reconstructed by linguists to Eastern Oceanic *malaqe with the meaning "open, cleared space used as meeting-place or ceremonial place". In Māori society,
648-641: The 20th century, Māori in urban areas have been establishing intertribal marae such as Maraeroa in eastern Porirua . For many Māori, the marae is just as important to them as their own homes. Some New Zealand churches also operate marae of their own, in which all of the functions of a traditional marae are carried out. Churches operating marae include the Anglican , Presbyterian , and Catholic churches. In recent years, it has become common for educational institutions, including primary and secondary schools, technical colleges, and universities, to build marae for
684-409: The 27 November 2014 council meeting, it was decided to change the operating name of the council to Rotorua Lakes Council, while the official name would remain unchanged. Since then, the district has been known as Rotorua Lakes and the council's web domain changed from www.rdc.govt.nz to rotorualakescouncil.nz . Rotorua Lakes covers 2,409 square kilometres (930 sq mi). The district's area
720-731: The Government as a tourist destination in the 1880s. Through the Rotorua Borough Act 1922, which achieved royal assent on 28 September 1922, the Rotorua Borough was formed. The inaugural elections for mayor were held in February 1923 and Cecil Clinkard was successful. In 1962, Rotorua was proclaimed a city. In 1979, the status was changed to a district when Rotorua City and Rotorua County amalgamated. The district council held its first meeting on 2 April 1979. At
756-422: The census question. Of those at least 15 years old, 8,565 (14.8%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 32,001 (55.2%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 14,844 (25.6%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $ 39,000, compared with $ 41,500 nationally. 4,803 people (8.3%) earned over $ 100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15
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#1732794311978792-429: The census's question about religious affiliation, 57.0% had no religion, 30.1% were Christian , 4.3% had Māori religious beliefs , 2.2% were Hindu and 2.2% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 9 (4.3%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 57 (27.1%) people had no formal qualifications. 21 people (10.0%) earned over $ 70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15
828-490: The first, followed by Utu-ʻai-mahurau at Paea , Mahaiatea marae at Papara , Tarahoʻi marae at Pare - ʻArue , and Hitiaʻa marae on Hitiaa O Te Ra . In Tahiti , marae were dedicated to specific deities, and also connected with specific lineages said to have built them. During the 1994 restoration of Taputapuātea marae at Raʻiātea by archaeologists from the Tahiti Museum , human bones were discovered under some of
864-407: The institute built to maintain the tradition of whakairo . The Institute is responsible for the building and restoration of over 40 marae around the country. Most iwi, hapū, and even many small settlements have their own marae. An example of such a small settlement with its own marae is at Hongoeka Bay , Plimmerton , the home of the renowned writer Patricia Grace . Since the second half of
900-400: The operations of the marae . The Act governs the regulation of marae as reservations and sets out the responsibilities of the trustees in relation to the beneficiaries. Generally each marae has a charter which the trustees have negotiated with the beneficiaries of the marae . The charter details matters such as: The New Zealand Māori Arts and Crafts Institute Act 1963 was passed and
936-407: The settlements of Waiotapu , Reporoa , Broadlands , Mihi , Waikite Valley , Ngakuru , and Ātiamuri . Rotorua District covers 2,409.31 km (930.24 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 77,800 as of June 2024, with a population density of 32 people per km . Rotorua District had a population of 74,058 in the 2023 New Zealand census , an increase of 2,181 people (3.0%) since
972-467: The speakers sit; this means it retains its sacred and ceremonial associations. Marae vary in size, with some wharenui being a bit bigger than a double garage, and some being larger than a typical town hall. A marae is a meeting place registered as a reserve under the Te Ture Whenua Māori Act 1993 (The Māori Land Act). Each marae has a group of trustees who are responsible for
1008-411: The stones of many of the ancient marae remain to this day. Some marae are in better shape than others, as vegetation grows fast on the islands. In Rarotonga, a few of the marae (Arai-te-Tonga, Vaerota, Taputapuātea) are still maintained, and are quickly tidied up before the investiture of a new ariki . Rarotongan tradition holds that Taputapuātea marae at Rarotonga, which archaeologists have dated to
1044-528: The tangihanga and its central place in marae custom is reflected in the fact that it takes precedence over any other gathering on the marae". In the Cook Islands , there are many historic marae ( tapu or sacred places ) that were used for religious ceremonies on the islands. Rarotonga and Aitutaki have some particularly impressive marae. Although many of the carved figures on the marae were either destroyed or confiscated by Christian missionaries ,
1080-517: The use of the students and for the teaching of Māori culture. These marae may also serve as a venue for the performance of official ceremonies relating to the school. The marae of the University of Auckland , for instance, is used for graduation ceremonies of the Māori Department, as well as welcoming ceremonies for new staff of the university as a whole. Its primary function is to serve as
1116-528: The world of the gods and darkness, and the Ao, the everyday world of people and light, so that people could communicate with their ancestors ." Notable marae include Vai'otaha marae on Borabora , Mataʻireʻa marae on Huahine , and Taputapuātea marae , a UNESCO World Heritage site on Raʻiātea, considered to be one of the most sacred sites in Polynesia. ʻOro marae on Tahiti included Vaiʻotaha marae at Tautira ,
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1152-426: Was $ 39,800, compared with $ 31,800 nationally. 225 people (17.3%) earned over $ 70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 771 (59.4%) people were employed full-time, 216 (16.6%) were part-time, and 39 (3.0%) were unemployed. The Reporoa area has four Ngāti Tahu – Ngāti Whaoa marae : Reporoa College is a co-educational state secondary school for Year 7 to 13 schools, with
1188-467: Was 12.4, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 59.8% had no religion, 26.1% were Christian , 2.5% had Māori religious beliefs , 0.7% were Hindu , 0.2% were Muslim , 0.5% were Buddhist and 2.4% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 165 (12.7%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 258 (19.9%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income
1224-557: Was spoken by 96.0%, Māori language by 13.6%, Samoan by 0.4% and other languages by 9.8%. No language could be spoken by 2.2% (e.g. too young to talk). New Zealand Sign Language was known by 0.6%. The percentage of people born overseas was 17.9, compared with 28.8% nationally. Religious affiliations were 30.9% Christian , 1.7% Hindu , 0.3% Islam , 3.6% Māori religious beliefs , 0.7% Buddhist , 0.4% New Age , 0.1% Jewish , and 1.8% other religions. People who answered that they had no religion were 53.3%, and 7.5% of people did not answer
1260-413: Was that 108 (51.4%) people were employed full-time, 33 (15.7%) were part-time, and 24 (11.4%) were unemployed. Golden Springs statistical area covers 498.92 km (192.63 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 1,930 as of June 2024, with a population density of 3.9 people per km. Golden Springs had a population of 1,767 at the 2018 New Zealand census , a decrease of 30 people (−1.7%) since
1296-438: Was that 29,181 (50.3%) people were employed full-time, 7,746 (13.4%) were part-time, and 2,526 (4.4%) were unemployed. Every three years, a mayor and the district councillors are elected in local elections . In the most recent elections in 2022 , Tania Tapsell was elected as mayor and ten councillors were returned. Rotorua Lakes uses the first-past-the-post (FPP) voting system and elects six councillors at-large , three for
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