57-626: River Dee may refer to: River Dee, Aberdeenshire , Scotland, flowing from the Cairngorms to Aberdeen River Dee, Wales , flowing through North Wales and through Cheshire in England River Dee, Cumbria , flowing from the border between Cumbria and North Yorkshire River Dee, Galloway , in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland River Dee (Ireland) Dee River (Queensland) , Australia,
114-719: A base for visitors to the core mountain area. Much of the core mountain area is owned by conservation bodies, with the National Trust for Scotland owning Mar Lodge Estate , and the RSPB's Abernethy Estate stretching from the lower slopes up to the plateau. The main private landowners are the Glenavon Estate in the northeast, the Invercauld Estate in the southeast, the Glen Feshie Estate to
171-545: A common feature of the Cairngorm granite massif, being especially frequent on Ben Avon and Beinn Mheadhoin and impressively high on Bynack More . They represent masses of granite which are less closely jointed than surrounding rock and which have therefore been less susceptible to underground weathering associated with fluid percolation along joints. The present tors have been exhumed over a long period of time, not least by periglacial processes associated with ice ages during
228-619: A mountain range in the eastern Highlands of Scotland closely associated with the mountain Cairn Gorm . The Cairngorms became part of Scotland's second national park (the Cairngorms National Park ) on 1 September 2003. Although the Cairngorms give their name to, and are at the heart of, the Cairngorms National Park, they only form one part of the national park, alongside other hill ranges such as
285-758: A number of pools called the Wells of Dee the young Dee then flows across the plateau to the cliff edge from where the Falls of Dee plunge into An Garbh Choire ("burn of the rough corrie " ). The river is then joined by a tributary coming from the Pools of Dee in the Lairig Ghru , and flows south down the Lairig Ghru between Ben Macdui and Cairn Toul , tumbling over falls in the Chest of Dee on its way to White Bridge and
342-614: A time by cupping an ear and shouting into it. The lowest recorded temperature in the United Kingdom has twice been recorded in the Cairngorms, at Braemar , where a temperature of −27.2 °C (−17.0 °F), was recorded on 11 February 1895 and 10 January 1982. The greatest British wind speed of 176 mph (283 km/h) was measured at Cairngorm summit weather station in January 1993. The weather can be very hazardous at times, with dangerous and unpredictable conditions. What
399-695: A tributary of the Dawson Dee River (Tasmania) , Australia, a tributary of the River Derwent [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=River_Dee&oldid=1099033231 " Category : Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
456-485: Is a reference to "Aurora peeping over the immense Cairngorms." Cairn Gorm is generally translated as Blue Cairn , although the Gaelic gorm is also used as an adjective and verb, meaning green or greening and is often seen in connection with growing grass. Thus, there is a contradiction or confusion, because the original Scottish Gaelic name of the mountains translates to English as the "red hills" whilst their English name
513-483: Is an old fishing village at the east end of Aberdeen Harbour. The Dee is important for nature conservation and the area has many designated sites. The upper catchment down to Inverey is within the Mar Lodge Estate , which is owned by the National Trust for Scotland and has been classified as a national nature reserve since May 2017. The Cairngorms National Park which was established in 2003 covers
570-444: Is an over-riding concern for the long-term conservation of this area. Ptarmigan has been considered as an indicator species for this process, although the natural population cycles of this bird do not seem to have been disrupted as yet. Other man-made threats include the problems of popularity in a country with limited wilderness resources and a large, relatively affluent urban population. These include various types of recreation and
627-592: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages River Dee, Aberdeenshire The River Dee ( Scottish Gaelic : Uisge Dhè ) is a river in Aberdeenshire , Scotland . It rises in the Cairngorms and flows through southern Aberdeenshire to reach the North Sea at Aberdeen . The area it passes through is known as Deeside , or Royal Deeside in
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#1732765336880684-633: Is home to the endangered capercaillie and endemic Scottish crossbill. As well being included as part of the Cairngorms National Park the Cairngorm Mountains are designated as a national scenic area , one of 40 such areas in Scotland. Apart from a small area around the Cairngorm Ski Area , the whole of the mountain area is protected as both a Special Area of Conservation and a Special Protection Area , thus forming part of
741-581: Is just above Bridge of Dee which was built about 1720; it carries the main A90 trunk road from Aberdeen to the south. Before reaching the North Sea, the river passes through Aberdeen Harbour , the principal marine centre for the energy industry in Europe, servicing the offshore oil and gas industry . An artificial channel was constructed in 1872 to straighten the river's flow into the sea. Footdee ("Fittie")
798-633: Is often described as Britain's worst mountaineering tragedy, the Cairngorm Plateau Disaster , left five children and one adult dead in November 1971. Cairn Gorm gets 320 cm (130 in) of snow annually according to snowforecast.com. The Cairngorms hold some of the longest-lying snow patches in Scotland : In 1994, the Cairngorms and surrounding mountains of north-east Scotland had 55 surviving patches, an exceptional number. The Cairngorms were formed 40 million years before
855-540: Is often observed in the European Alps or Rockies. The weather often deteriorates rapidly with altitude so that, when there are moderate conditions 150 m (490 ft) below the plateau, the top can be stormy or misty, and there can be icy or powdery snow. Even when no snow is falling, the wind can whip up lying snow to produce white-out conditions for a few metres above the surface, and snowdrifts can build up rapidly in sheltered places. Gravel can be blown through
912-468: Is popular with anglers and is one of the most famous salmon fishing rivers in the world. The New Statistical Account of Scotland attributed the name Dee as having been used as early as the second century AD in the work of the Alexandrian geographer Claudius Ptolemy , as Δηοῦα (=Deva), meaning 'goddess'. This indicated the river had divine status in the beliefs of the ancient inhabitants of
969-460: Is the "blue hills" or the "green hills". The Cairngorms consist of three large elevated plateaux adorned with low, rounded glacial mountains, and divided by the passes of the Lairig an Laoigh and the Lairig Ghru . The range gives the sense of being a single plateau, because the passes that cut through them are not very deep: the summit of Lairig an Laoigh lies at 740 m (2,430 ft), whilst
1026-551: The Angus Glens and the Monadhliath , and lower areas like Strathspey . The Cairngorms consists of high plateaux at about 1,000–1,200 m (3,300–3,900 ft) above sea level, above which domed summits (the eroded stumps of once much higher mountains ) rise to around 1,300 m (4,300 ft). Many of the summits have tors , free-standing rock outcrops that stand on top of the boulder-strewn landscape. In places,
1083-666: The Beinn a' Bhùird (1,196 m (3,924 ft)) – Ben Avon (1,171 m (3,842 ft)) massif without descending below the 740 m (2,430 ft) summit of the Lairig an Laoigh. The range is drained by the Rivers Dee and Spey ; and the latter's two tributaries: the Rivers Feshie and Avon. The approximate southern boundary of the Cairngorm range is generally reckoned to run from slightly east of Braemar , west along
1140-574: The Braemar Highland Gathering and other local events. Birkhall which was previously owned by Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother , is now a favourite retreat of King Charles . Due to these royal connections, the area around Braemar and Ballater is sometimes referred to "Royal Deeside", and this usage has been encouraged by the tourist trade. Cairngorms The Cairngorms ( Scottish Gaelic : Am Monadh Ruadh ) are
1197-539: The British Isles and are home to five of the six highest mountains in Scotland: There are no public roads through the Cairngorms, and all the public roads in the general area either skirt the Cairngorms or stop short, providing access to them only. From the south and south-east, motorised access ends at Linn of Dee , or Allanaquoich . From the north-west, a road passes Coylumbridge , Glenmore and
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#17327653368801254-532: The Caledonian Forest surrounding Loch Morlich , is also designated as a national nature reserve. The Invereshie and Inshriach National Nature Reserve lies on the western flanks of the range, and extends to the summit of Sgòr Gaoith . The Cairngorms represents an unusually cold area of mountains in a maritime climate at 57 degrees north . The climate is projected to warm—and precipitation patterns to change—under present climate change models. This
1311-609: The Dee and Glen Geldie to the head of Glen Feshie. The western edge of the range is defined by Glen Feshie and the River Spey as far as Aviemore , with the northern boundary running roughly eastward from Aviemore through Glenmore to Glen Avon . The eastern boundary is defined by Glen Avon and the Am Bealach Dearg, thus ending slightly east of Braemar. The Cairngorms feature the highest, coldest and snowiest plateaus in
1368-460: The Great North of Scotland Railway . The line opened from Aberdeen to Banchory in 1853, was extended to Aboyne in 1859, and a further extension to Ballater was opened in 1866. The line was not extended beyond Ballater to Braemar as this would require it to run close to Balmoral, leading to objections from Queen Victoria. The Royal Family used Ballater Station when visiting Balmoral. After
1425-537: The Mountain Bothies Association for use by walkers and climbers to provide shelter and rough sleeping accommodation. With the exception of the bothies, there are no buildings or settlements within the Cairngorms, nor is there evidence for historic settlement, except in the uppermost reaches of the Derry and Gairn rivers. In the surrounding areas, villages such as Aviemore and Braemar provide
1482-752: The Natura 2000 network of protected sites. The Cairngorms are classified as a Category IV protected area by the International Union for Conservation of Nature . The Cairngorms were declared a national nature reserve (NNR) in 1954, being the largest NNR in Britain. In 2006 Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH) reviewed the Cairngorms NNR, and it was decided that the reserve should be broken up into separate, smaller reserves that reflected existing management units. There now are four NNRs within
1539-514: The Dee as far as Linn of Dee, at which point it doubles back to terminate at Linn of Quioch on the north bank of the Dee. There are no paved roads into the Cairngorms beyond Linn of Dee, although two walking routes, the Lairig Ghru and the Lairig an Laoigh , continue via passes in the mountains to reach Speyside . Until 1966 the Deeside Railway ran from Aberdeen to Ballater, operated by
1596-672: The Geldie down to Ballater . The entire length of the Dee is defined as a Special Area of Conservation (SAC) due to its importance to salmon , otters and freshwater pearl mussels . Other SACs within the Deeside area include Glen Tanar , the Muir of Dinnet , Ballochbuie, and the Morrone Birkwood . The southern side of Deeside is classified as a Special Protection Area , due to the area's importance to golden eagles . Much of
1653-504: The Quaternary period. The Cairngorms provide a unique alpine semi-tundra moorland habitat, home to many rare plants, birds and animals. Speciality bird species on the plateaux include breeding ptarmigan , dotterel , snow bunting , golden eagle , ring ouzel and red grouse , with snowy owl , twite , purple sandpiper and Lapland bunting seen on occasion. Mammal species include red deer and mountain hare , as well as
1710-534: The River Gairn flowing from the north and the River Muick which flows out of Loch Muick , from the south. The river is within the Cairngorms National Park until it reaches Dinnet. The Water of Tanar flows through Glen Tanar before joining at Aboyne . The Water of Feugh has its confluence with the Dee near the Falls of Feugh at Banchory and Coy Burn enters at Milton of Crathes . The tidal limit
1767-636: The Sugarbowl to end at the car park at the Cairngorm Mountain ski resort . The majority of hill-walkers access the range from these road ends. In terms of height, remoteness and the severe and changeable weather, the Cairngorms are the most arduous area in the United Kingdom. The plateau area has a Tundra climate ( Köppen ET ), and the shattered terrain is more like the high ground in high-arctic Canada or northern Norway than what
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1824-420: The air, and walking can be impossible. When a gale is accompanied by thick storms of ground drift, or worse, by heavy falling blizzards plus ground drift, or worse still by mist as well, conditions can be extremely serious on the plateau, making it suffocating and difficult to breathe, hard to open your eyes, impossible to see anything beyond your own feet, and unable to communicate with your party except one at
1881-488: The area is the most dependable in Britain. The mountains are also popular for hill-walking , ski touring and climbing , and there are three alpine ski centres in the range, at Cairn Gorm , The Lecht and Glenshee . The range lies in the Scottish council areas of Aberdeenshire , Moray and Highland , and within the counties of Aberdeenshire , Inverness-shire and Banffshire . The original Gaelic name for
1938-460: The area, whilst opponents argued that such a development was unsuitable for a supposedly protected area. A condition was therefore imposed under which walkers were not allowed outside the top station if arriving by funicular, although this did not apply to skiers and snowboarders in the winter. In 2010 the operating company proposed to modify this requirement to allow guided walks, whilst still preventing general access. Guided walks continued to be
1995-519: The area. Glacial erosion is represented in deep valleys which dissect the area. Many valleys are littered with glacial deposits from the period of glacial retreat. The most famous valley is the Lairig Ghru pass, a gouge through the centre of the mountains—a u-shaped valley, now partly filled with extensive scree produced by intense frost action during ice-free periods. Many parts of the Cairngorms exhibit classic periglacial weathering which occurred during cold periods in ice-free areas. Tors are
2052-657: The area. There are several other rivers with the same name in Great Britain , and they are believed to have similar derivations, as may the Dee's near neighbour to the north which is the River Don . The River Dee rises from a spring on the Braeriach plateau in the Cairngorm Mountains at a height of at about 1,220 m, the highest source of any major river in the British Isles . Emerging in
2109-565: The associated trampling damage and erosion, disturbance, litter and threats to water quality. The valleys between the individual plateaux were used as drove roads by cattle drovers who built rough protective shelters for their arduous journeys. At about the same time that droving was dying out towards the end of the 19th century, deer stalking estates were flourishing, and so the shelters were developed into bothies to provide improved, though still primitive, accommodation for gamekeepers . In modern times, these bothies have been taken over by
2166-567: The central massif are many remnants of the Caledonian forest in straths and glens of the Rivers Spey and Dee . These forests support many species that are rare elsewhere in Britain, including red squirrels , pine marten , wood ants , Scottish crossbill , capercaillie and crested tit . There are no glaciers, but snow can fall in any month of the year, and snow patches usually persist all summer; for snow and ice climbing ,
2223-642: The confluence with the Geldie Burn, at which point it turns east. At Linn of Dee the river passes east through a 300-metre natural rock gorge , a spot much favoured by Queen Victoria during her stays at Balmoral . The queen opened the bridge which spans the Dee at this point in 1857. Between Linn of Dee and Braemar the Lui Water (formed by the Luibeg and Derry burns) and the Quoich Water join
2280-401: The core mountain area of the Cairngorms. Mar Lodge Estate , which covers the south side of the plateau and the watershed of the upper Dee has been classified as a national nature reserve since May 2017. The Abernethy Forest National Nature Reserve covers a stretch of land from the plateau down to Loch Garten on the north side of the range, and Glenmore Forest Park , covering a remnant of
2337-510: The edges of the plateau form steep cliffs of granite and they are excellent for skiing , rock climbing and ice climbing . The Cairngorms form an arctic-alpine mountain environment, with tundra -like characteristics and long-lasting snow patches. This area is home to bird species such as ptarmigan , dotterel , snow bunting , curlew and red grouse , as well as mammals such as mountain hare . The plateau also supports Britain's only herd of reindeer (albeit semi-domesticated). Surrounding
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2394-408: The growing River Dee. The River Clunie enters the Dee at Braemar. Evidence of human activity stretching as far back as c. 8,200 BC has been found at a complex of sites stretching along the banks of the Dee. Through Deeside the river passes Braemar , Balmoral Castle , Ballater , Dinnet , Aboyne , and Banchory reaching the sea at Aberdeen . Near Ballater two rivers are tributaries:
2451-405: The last ice age , when slight uplift raised an eroded peneplain based on an exposed granite pluton . The highest present-day peaks represent eroded monadnock hills. During the ice ages, the ice caps that covered most of northern Scotland remained static—frozen to the ground for long periods—and actually protected the rounded summits and valleys and deep, weathered granite of the mountains of
2508-637: The last major ones of its kind in the British Isles, known as the Caledonian forest . In the forests, capercaillie , black grouse , Scottish crossbill , parrot crossbill and crested tit are found. Of particular fame is the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds ( RSPB ) reserve at Abernethy Forest and Loch Garten . A famous pair of ospreys are present in the summer months, and they often attract large crowds to see them. The forest
2565-624: The line closed, the station was converted into a rail museum. It was destroyed by fire in 2015 and has since been restored, now providing a tourist information centre, restaurant, tearoom and public library. A very short section of the line near Milton of Crathes has been restored as a heritage railway , named the Royal Deeside Railway . Since the reign of Queen Victoria the British Royal Family have spent their summers at Balmoral Castle . Each year they attend
2622-654: The north bank of the river from Aberdeen to Braemar before it turns south, leaving Deeside, to climb to the Glenshee Ski Centre at Cairnwell Pass and then onwards to Perth . Just west of Ballater the A939 Lecht Road leaves the A93 to take a tortuous climb towards the Lecht Ski Centre then on to Tomintoul and eventually Nairn . Beyond Braemar a narrow road continues along the south side of
2679-411: The northern corries. This area boasts what was for a time probably the world's hardest traditionally protected mixed climb: "The Hurting", grade XI. As with all land in Scotland, there is a right of responsible access to the mountains for those wishing to participate in recreational pursuits, although the restriction on access via the funicular means walkers and climbers cannot use the railway to access
2736-422: The only herd of reindeer in the British Isles . They now roam the high Cairngorms, after being reintroduced in 1952 by a Swedish herdsman. The herd is now stable at around 150 individuals, some born in Scotland and some introduced from Sweden; since the individuals depend on humans for food and come from domesticated stock, they are not considered wild. The surrounding areas feature an ancient woodland , one of
2793-413: The only way for walkers and summer visitors to access the plateau if arriving via the funicular as of 2017. The mountains are very popular for hill-walking , with eighteen Munros lying between Ben Avon in the east and Glen Feshie in the west. In winter these summits can often be reached by ski touring . The Cairngorms have excellent climbing , and has long attracted winter climbers , especially in
2850-479: The range is Am Monadh Ruadh (the red hills), distinguishing them from Am Monadh Liath (the grey hills), which lie to the west of the River Spey : If you look from Aviemore on a clear evening, the granite screes of Lairig Ghru and Braeriach do glow a warm red in the sun. The name Am Monadh Ruadh still lives among the oldest folk of Strath Spey, but long ago, outsiders had replaced it with 'the Cairngorms', on maps and in guide books. The English language name for
2907-493: The range is Cairngorms, and is derived from Cairn Gorm , which is prominent in the view of the mountains from Speyside. The earliest reference to this name appears to be from a Colonel T. Thornton, who visited the area in about 1786: The use of the term "Cairngorms" as applied to the group must have become well established early in the nineteenth century, for we find it in Col Thornton's Sporting Tour (1804), where there
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#17327653368802964-506: The region between Braemar and Banchory because Queen Victoria came for a visit there in 1848 and greatly enjoyed herself. She and her husband, Prince Albert, built Balmoral Castle there which replaced an older castle. Deeside is a popular area for tourists, due to the combination of its scenery and historic royal associations. It is part of the Cairngorms National Park , and the Deeside and Lochnagar National Scenic Area . The Dee
3021-433: The semi-natural Caledonian pine forest in Scotland is within the Dee catchment. The area contains nationally rare examples of pine woods, birch woods and heather moors with associated wildlife. On the valley floor there are deciduous alder and mixed broadleaved woods as well as meadow grasslands. The Dee is a popular salmon river and has a succession of varied pools which are intersected by sharp rapids . In 1995 it
3078-659: The southwest and the Rothiemurchus Estate in the northwest. There is a funicular railway on Cairn Gorm serving the Cairn Gorm Ski Centre. The funicular opened in late 2001, and runs from a base station at 637 m up to the Ptarmigan Centre, situated at 1097 m, 150 m from the summit of Cairn Gorm. It was built amidst some controversy, with supporters of the scheme claiming that it would bring valuable tourist income into
3135-582: The summit of the Lairig Ghru is at 835 m (2,740 ft) above sea level at the Pools of Dee , where the water may be frozen over even in mid-summer. This means a walker could cross between the Cairntoul (1,293 m (4,242 ft)) – Braeriach (1,296 m (4,252 ft)) massif to the Ben Macdui (1,309 m (4,295 ft)) – Cairn Gorm (1,245 m (4,085 ft)) massif and thence onto
3192-484: The whole of the catchment of the Dee, including the tributaries, down to as far as Dinnet. As well as being included as part of the Cairngorms National Park , the Deeside area along with the mountains surrounding Lochnagar as far south as the head of Glen Doll is classified as the Deeside and Lochnagar National Scenic Area . It is one of 40 areas in Scotland designated as a scenic area. The Deeside and Lochnagar National Scenic Area covers 40,000 ha , extending from
3249-560: Was estimated that salmon fishing on the river contributed between £5 and £6 million a year to the Grampian Region economy. In 2020 it was estimated that salmon fishing contributed £15 million a year to the local economy and the River Dee reporting 10% of Scottish salmon catches. The River Dee operates a catch and release practise and all salmon which are caught must be released back to the river. The A93 road runs west along
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