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61-433: Riverside Heights boundaries are South Seminole Heights to the north, Hillsborough River to the west, Columbus Drive to the south, and Tampa Heights to the east. A new marker sign has been put up in the middle of the neighborhood. Source: Hillsborough County Atlas At the 2000 census there were 2,949 people and 1,299 households residing in the neighborhood. The population density was 4,229/mi. The racial makeup of

122-724: A British map in 1769. At the time, the Earl of Hillsborough was the British Secretary of State for the Colonies , and thus controlled the pensions of the surveyors working in the American colonies , which included East Florida . Geological data estimates that the Hillsborough River has been flowing for about 27,000 years. It is estimated humans first made their way to this area 12,000 - 15,000 years ago. In

183-602: A United States territory . (1824) Construction of Fort Brooke begins at the mouth of the Hillsborough River. (1828) The Fort King Military Road (now State Road 41 ) is built to connect Fort King in Ocala with Fort Brooke in what was then the settlement of Tampa. A bridge is built to cross the Hillsborough. (1830) Congress passes the Indian Removal Act . The American government begins efforts to remove

244-476: A Washington Ball. (1923) The city of Tampa builds a water treatment plant to utilize the water supply from the water above the dam. (1935) Hillsborough River State Park is opened. (1933) In a torrential 24-hour rain, floods wash away the Tampa Electric dam. TECO does not rebuild the dam and turns to other locations for electrical generating plants. (1944) The city of Tampa completes construction on

305-517: A chief called Urriparacoxi or Paracoxi, who lived 30 leagues east or northeast of Tampa Bay. The people of Mocoso and of Uzita were noted as having spoken different languages. Hann argues that the language of the Mocoso people was Timucuan . There is no mention of Mocoso or Uzita in Spanish records after the passage of the de Soto expedition. The chiefdom of Tocobaga was apparently the major power in

366-416: A chief's funeral states that his body was "broken up" and placed in large jars, and the flesh was removed from the bones over two days. The skeleton was then reassembled and left in the temple for four days while the people fasted. At the end of the four days, all the people of the town would take the bones and place them in a burial mound. In some cases bodies were cremated and then buried in the mound on which

427-750: A division of the Safety Harbor culture into four phases. Pre-contact phases were the Englewood, 900-1100 and the Pinellas, 1100-1500. Phases during the Spanish colonial period included Tatham, 1500-1567, and Bayview, 1567-1725. The Safety Harbor culture is defined by the presence of burial mounds with ceramics decorated with a distinctive set of designs and symbols. Ceramics found elsewhere at Safety Harbor sites (in middens and village living areas) are almost always undecorated. Major Safety Harbor sites had platform, or temple, mounds. The term "temple mound"

488-476: A house and cultivate 5 acres (20,000 m ) for five years. (1843) The Jean Street Shipyard is founded on the Hillsborough River in what will be the neighborhood of Seminole Heights . (1846) The first ferry crossing on the Hillsborough River is established. This improves transportation and widens the growth of Tampa to both sides of the river. (1861) During the American Civil War , Tampa Bay

549-457: A minor part of the diet, but the southern limit of maize agriculture prior to the arrival of the Europeans was to the north of Tampa Bay. They used bows and arrows, equipped with stone arrowheads or stingray stingers. Houses were built with wooden posts and covered with palm leaves. "Temples" (or charnel houses) and other buildings were decorated with wood carvings. Pottery used in daily life

610-526: A village area and burial mounds, was contemporary with Safety Harbor temple mounds. They suggest that this site was the center for a distinct cultural and political system oriented to the Peace River valley. There are two "truncated rectangular" mounds at the Crystal River site that have mentioned as possible Safety Harbor temple mounds, but the other mounds there pre-date Safety Harbor, and there

671-689: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Hillsborough River (Florida) The Hillsborough River is a river located in the state of Florida in the United States. It arises in the Green Swamp near the juncture of Hillsborough , Pasco and Polk counties, and flows 60 miles (97 km) through Pasco and Hillsborough Counties to an outlet in the city of Tampa on Hillsborough Bay . It includes 4 nature trails extending for over 7 miles (11 km), making it popular among hikers. The name Hillsborough River first appeared on

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732-778: Is adopted, based upon SWFWMD's 5-year study that documented a need for freshwater over twice that provided by its original rule as challenged by Friends of the River. A minimum flow of 20 cu ft/s (0.57 m /s) is adopted, combining the original 10 cu ft/s (0.28 m /s) of Sulphur Springs water with 10 cu ft/s (0.28 m /s) added to the river from water stored in Tampa Bypass Canal. Minimum flow adjusted upwards to 24 cu ft/s (0.68 m /s) in spring months (April, May, June) when fish spawning activity occurs in restored estuary. Daily minimum flow begins December 31, 2007. The Hillsborough River

793-426: Is based on the description by members of the de Soto expedition of a temple on a constructed earthwork mound in a Safety Harbor village. Bullen and Milanich state that the temples were likely charnel houses, where bodies were prepared and stored for later burial. Several of the temple mounds have been destroyed since the 19th century, but at least fifteen have been documented as having once existed around Tampa Bay and on

854-408: Is blockaded by federal troops to prevent goods from leaving Tampa or from coming into Tampa. (1863) Federal troops march upriver to a location near the present day site of Lowry Park Zoo . There they discover a blockade-running steamer and sloop loaded with cotton. The ships are burned. The skirmish that follows is the only Civil War action on the Hillsborough River. (1891) The Tampa Bay Hotel, now

915-458: Is closed. (1988) The annual Hillsborough River Cleanup begins. (1991) Canoe Escape is opened and the owners donate canoes and time to bring the Hillsborough River to the public's attention. (1992) The Hillsborough River Greenways Taskforce is established. (1995) The Hillsborough River is designated as Outstanding Florida Waters . (1995) The Hillsborough River is designated as a Florida Recreational Canoe Trail. (1995) The Hillsborough River

976-584: Is home to many species, and several large bird rookeries exist. When local students reach sixth grade in Hillsborough County , they take a visit to the river for one to three days to learn about the ecosystem, watershed, and native Florida animals at a place called 'Nature's Classroom'. The Hillsborough River dam (originally built in 1895 and since rebuilt) at Rowlett Park creates a lake covering 1,300 acres (5 km ) and containing 1.6 billion US gallons (6,100,000 m ) of water, providing for

1037-665: Is little evidence of Safety Harbor use of the site. A large flat-topped shell mound, the Withlacoochee River Platform Mound, is next to the Withlacoochee River in Citrus County, but it has not been investigated. Whether it has any connection to the Safety Harbor culture is unknown. Luer and Almy used the reported height, shape and dimensions of thirteen of the temple mounds to calculate their volume. They used this data to classify

1098-452: Is named a Florida Sesquicentennial Greenway. (1999) "Friends of the River" is created by local residents for the purpose of challenging the SWFWMD minimum flow of 10 cu ft/s (0.28 m /s) of Sulphur Springs water alone for the river's only freshwater flow. (2000) On the day after a massive Earth Day celebration at Lowry Park, highlighted by a "Flow-tilla" of dozens of boats from

1159-438: Is not known what these chiefdoms shared aside from the Safety Harbor culture. Hernando de Escalante Fontaneda , a captive of south Florida Indians for many years in the early 16th century, described Tocobaga as "King head chief of that district", but also described Tocobaga and Mocoso as independent "Kingdoms". The accounts of the de Soto expedition (which do not mention Tocobaga) state that Mocoso and Uzita were subject to

1220-615: Is optional and encouraged by offering tax deductions and other incentives. The Spanish reported four social classes among the Safety Harbor people: chiefs, headmen, warriors and ordinary people, and slaves. Europeans and members of other tribes who had been captured were slaves. A chief who visited de Soto in his camp was carried there on the back of another man. Chiefs were often married to the sisters of other chiefs. The Safety Harbor people ate fish, shellfish, deer, turtles and dogs, as well as watercress, pumpkins , "cabbage" from palmettos or cabbage palms , and beans. Maize may have been

1281-420: Is permitted to withdraw water from the River during "high flow" times and under specific conditions. The Southwest Florida Water Management District, the agency required by Florida law to protect and manage the waters in the state, authorizes the permits. Safety Harbor culture The Safety Harbor culture was an archaeological culture practiced by Native Americans living on the central Gulf coast of

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1342-533: The Aucilla River to the north and Charlotte Harbor to the south. Mitchem limited the northern extent of the culture area to the Withlacoochee River , but included the coast south into Collier County , and east into eastern Polk County . Milanich defines the culture area as the coast from the Withlacoochee River to Charlotte Harbor, placing the area from Charlotte Harbor to Collier County in

1403-538: The Caloosahatchee culture . The heart of the culture area was around Tampa Bay , what Mitchem and Milanich call "Circum-Tampa Bay". This area included all of what is now Hillsborough and Pinellas counties, southern Pasco County , and northern Manatee County . To the north. the area between the Withlacoochee River and the Gulf coast, including Citrus County , Hernando County and northern Pasco County, formed

1464-681: The Florida peninsula, from about 900 CE until after 1700. The Safety Harbor culture is defined by the presence of Safety Harbor ceramics in burial mounds . The culture is named after the Safety Harbor site , located close to the center of the culture area. The Safety Harbor site is the probable location of the chief town of the Tocobaga , the best known of the groups practicing the Safety Harbor culture. The Safety Harbor people were organized into chiefdoms and lived primarily in villages along

1525-557: The Henry B. Plant Museum , opens with a grand ball. (1897) At a cost of $ 150,000 an electrical dam is built on the river by Consumers Electric Light and Street Railway Company. The dam was located halfway between present-day 40th Street and 56th Street on the Hillsborough River (today's Temple Crest neighborhood.) (1898) On December 13, 1898 the dam is dynamited by cattle barons angry at the loss of grazing land. They tried three times. The first on January 8, 1897, shortly after construction

1586-672: The Seminole from Tampa Bay and relocate them to a reservation west of the Mississippi. Tensions between Seminole and Americans continue. (1835) Seminoles burn the bridge at the Fort King Road's river crossing. Conflict continues. (1836) Fort Foster is established at the Hillsborough River crossing to protect this strategically advantageous position. (1842) The Armed Occupation Act promises one hundred 60 acres (240,000 m ) of land to any man who can bear arms, build

1647-465: The Tampa Bay area . Only one principal town has been found inland. Descriptions of the villages by Spanish visitors mostly agree with archaeological reconstructions. Capitals had a central rectangular plaza. A truncated pyramidal mound up to 20 ft (6.1 m) high and up to 130 ft (40 m) long on each side at the base stood on one side of the plaza. One or more buildings stood on top of

1708-516: The Tampa Bypass Canal the aquifer is accidentally breached. (1979) The Hillsborough River is closed to swimming at Hillsborough River State Park and a swimming pool is built for public use. (1982) Lettuce Lake Park opens on the river just north of Temple Terrace (1986) The Hillsborough River Interlocal Planning Board & Technical Advisory Council is established. (1986) Sulphur Springs pool ( Sulphur Springs, Tampa, Florida )

1769-493: The "Northern Safety Harbor" area. South of Tampa Bay southern Manatee County, Sarasota County and northern Charlotte County comprised the "Manasota Safety Harbor" (Mitchem) or "South-Central Safety Harbor" (Milanich) area ( Manasota is also the name given to the Weedon Island-related culture , which preceded the Safety Harbor culture in most of its area). Mitchem later agreed that "South-Central Safety Harbor"

1830-555: The Cross of Saint Teresa". There is a plaque commemorating his exploration at Riverhills Park in Temple Terrace. (1772) A map drawn and sent to the Earl of Hillsborough , English Governor of West Florida, shows the river named as the Hillsborough. During the mid and late 18th century, Native Americans from the north, mostly Creek , begin to migrate to Florida. These immigrants become known as Seminoles . (1821) Florida becomes

1891-474: The Gulf coast near Tampa Bay. These temple mounds were rectangular and had flat tops, usually with a ramp leading up to the top on one side. Known Safety Harbor sites with "temple" mounds include: Possible Safety Harbor temple mound sites include: Three platform mounds east and south of Charlotte Harbor, the Acline Mound ( Aqui Esta site , near Punta Gorda ), Howard Shell Mound (Bokeelia Island, at

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1952-460: The Hillsborough River in present-day Temple Terrace, Temple Crest , Terrace Park, Busch Gardens and the University of South Florida area. She calls her property "Riverhills Ranch", an exclusive hunting preserve where she builds a lodge and guest houses among other structures. She dies in 1918. (1922) The Temple Terrace Golf and County Club, located on the river in Temple Terrace opens with

2013-472: The Hillsborough for the previous ten to 15,000 years. When Europeans first reached Florida, the area around Tampa Bay and all of the watershed of the Hillsborough River was occupied by people of the Safety Harbor culture . Two chiefdoms of the Safety Harbor culture, Mocoso and Pohoy , were adjacent to where the Hillsborough River entered Tampa Bay. Hernando de Soto landed on the south side of Tampa Bay in 1539 and passed through Mocoso on his way north. By

2074-601: The Mississippian-related Fort Walton culture and incorporating symbols of the Southeastern Ceremonial Complex ; however, the people of the Safety Harbor culture had not adopted an agricultural economy, and, consequently, the culture did not become Mississippian. Safety Harbor mounds were typically built on late Weeden Island period mounds. Changes in decorated ceramics and the presence of European artifacts support

2135-524: The Rowlett Park dam to Lowry Park, Friends of the River settles its legal challenge with agreement with SWFWMD, City of Tampa and Robert Thomas of Zephyrhills Water to study the river for 5 years to scientifically determine exactly how much freshwater is needed to restore and maintain the river's estuarine function. Friends of the River had maintained that the establishment of the minimum flow of 10 cu ft/s (0.28 m /s) of Sulphur Springs water

2196-825: The Ruth Smith and Tatham mounds in the Cove of the Withlacoochee . Burial mounds south of the Tampa Bay area include the Sarasota and Myakka Valley Ranches mounds. The Phillip Mound, close to the Kissimmee River in the Inland Safety Harbor area, contained a large number of Safety Harbor ceramics. The Tocobaga kept the bodies of recently dead people in their temples or charnel houses until

2257-423: The Safety Harbor site at the north end of Old Tampa Bay. Other Safety Harbor chiefdoms named in Spanish accounts include Mocoso , on the east side of Tampa Bay, Pohoy (Capaloey), possibly on the north side of Hillsborough Bay, and Uzita , on the south side of Tampa Bay. The chief of Mocoso also named Neguarete and Orriygua as neighboring chiefs, but it is not known if they were in the Safety Harbor culture area. It

2318-528: The Tampa Bay area during the later half of the 16th century, especially at the time of Pedro Menéndez de Avilés 's visit in 1567. Tocobaga's power apparently waned in the 17th century, with first the Pohoy, and then the Calusa , becoming the dominant power in the Tampa Bay area. By around 1700, however, the Safety Harbor culture had virtually disappeared due to disease and incursions by other Native Americans from

2379-522: The bones had been cleaned. The Spanish visitors described the bodies as being wrapped in painted deer hides and stored in wooden boxes sitting on the ground. One of the Spanish captives of the Tocobaga reported that he had been assigned to guard a temple at night to keep wolves from carrying off the bodies. Garcilaso de la Vega reported that lions ( cougars ) would carry away bodies. After the bones had been cleaned, they would be buried. A Spanish account of

2440-563: The charnel house sat. As was the case in much of Florida, a vast majority of the Tampa Bay area's temple mounds, burial mounds, and middens were destroyed during development as the local population grew rapidly in the early to mid 20th century. Developers sought to level land near the water, and road construction crews found that bulldozed shell mounds made for excellent road fill. State and federal laws now afford protection to sites that contain human remains or are located on public land, but preservation of other archeological sites on private land

2501-592: The current dam, to be used for the purpose of containing drinking water for the city, at the site of the old TECO dam. The old Tampa Waterworks Company is abandoned. (1961) The Southwest Florida Water Management District (SWFWMD) is created. (1960s-70s) The 14-mile (23 km) long Tampa Bypass Canal is constructed by the Southwest Florida Water Management District (SWFWMD). It includes a constructed canal and several concrete flood-control structures. During construction of

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2562-566: The early 18th century the people of the Safety Harbor culture, through disease and slavery, are nearly exterminated. (1757) A survey of the Hillsborough River is done by Don Francisco Maria Celi , pilot of the Spanish Royal Fleet. He ventures up to the Temple Terrace area in search of longleaf pine to use as masts for his ships. He names the pine forest of the area "El Pinal de la Cruz de Santa Teresa" or "The Pines of

2623-460: The four mounds in Classes A and B are spaced along the coast line about 25 to 30 km apart, while the smaller Class C mounds are often much closer to each other and to the major mounds. Luer and Almy suggest that the temple mounds represent a hierarchy, with the four largest mounds serving as regional centers, and the smaller mounds located at subsidiary villages and serving different purposes. On

2684-400: The late 18th century the watershed of the Hillsborough River was a land covered by a rich, old-growth forest . Bald cypress , longleaf pine , and sand live oak were hundreds of years old (and in the case of cypress, thousands of years old). In the mid to late 19th century to about 1913 the watershed of this old growth forest began to be logged. As a result of this lumbering activity, most of

2745-401: The mound, and a ramp ran from the top of the mound to the plaza. A burial mound would be located off to the side. A shell mound, or midden , ran along the shore, and other middens were sometimes located on other sides of the plaza. The plaza itself was kept clear of debris. The more important residents of the town had their houses around the plaza, while the lower class lived in huts further from

2806-581: The mounds: Class A, consisting of the Anclote and Snead Island temple mounds, had high volumes (7000 to 7700 m³ ), low heights (4 m or less), and large summit platforms (greater than 1000 m² in area). Class B, including the Safety Harbor and Bayshore Homes temple mounds, had high volumes of 6500 to 6900 m³, were tall (greater than 5 m), and had a summit platform 440 to 760 m² in area. The nine remaining temple mounds varied in height and shape, but were much lower in volume, 3500 m³ or less. Luer and Almy note that

2867-468: The neighborhood was 79.0% White, 14.0% African American, less than 1% Native American, 1% Asian, 4.0% from other races, and 2.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were about 31%. Of the 1,299 households 23% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36% were married couples living together, 17% had a female householder with no husband present, and 9% non-families. 32% of households were made up of individuals. The age distribution

2928-536: The north end of Pine Island ), and Brown's Mound (Pineland site, near Pineland on Pine Island), differ from Safety Harbor temple mounds in having a U-shaped platform, and no ramps. This difference in form may indicate the mounds belong to the Caloosahatchee culture instead of the Safety Harbor culture. Luer and Almy also note that the large Bostic Temple Mound in Hardee County, which is associated with

2989-559: The other hand, Milanich suggests that the centers of political units may have moved from time to time, and that only some of the temple mounds were in use at any given time. Burial mounds containing Safety Harbor ceramics are common in the Circum-Tampa Bay area, and are found scattered through the outlying areas. Burial mounds in the Northern Safety Harbor region include a mound at Weeki Wachee Springs , and

3050-646: The people voted to purchase the Waterworks plant. (1900) The Sulphur Springs ( Sulphur Springs, Tampa, Florida ) property is developed and open to the public. (1910) Hillsborough Bay is channelized to the mouth of the Hillsborough River with the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 . Up to 1913 the Hillsborough River watershed is heavily logged for its valuable cypress, longleaf pine and oak. (1911–1914) Bertha Potter Palmer ( Bertha Palmer ) (of Chicago and Sarasota) completes purchases of 19,000 acres (77 km ) bordering

3111-519: The plaza. The Spanish reported that the chief and his family resided on the main mound, and that a "temple" (probably a charnel house ) stood on the opposite side of the plaza. Archaeological excavations suggest that the charnel houses were on the mounds. Village sites without mounds, and isolated burial mounds, are also known. The Safety Harbor culture area extended along the central Gulf coast of Florida. Bullen described it as running from Tarpon Springs to Sarasota , with some evidence that it reached

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3172-488: The presence of Mississippian culture and St. Johns culture artifacts in burial mounds shows that such articles, along with Safety Harbor objects, were traded into the area. The Safety Harbor culture developed in place from the preceding Manasota culture , a Weeden Island -related culture of the central Florida Gulf coast. Safety Harbor was influenced by the Mississippian culture , with some ceramics resembling

3233-448: The presence of such objects to trade, but states that future work may clarify the relationship of the Safety Harbor and Caloosahatchee cultures. Luer and Almy note that temple mounds south of Charlotte Harbor differ significantly from Safety Harbor temple mounds in form. Luer has also argued that other materials found in burial mounds south of Charlotte Harbor belong to a south Florida, or "Glades Cult", artifact complex. Luer also argues that

3294-510: The shoreline of Tampa Bay and the adjacent Gulf of Mexico coast. The chiefdoms may have consisted of about 15 mi (24 km) of shoreline, and extended about 20 mi (32 km) inland. Each chiefdom had a principal town or "capital" with a temple mound and central plaza . Fifteen such towns have been identified along the Florida Gulf coast from southern Pasco County to northern Sarasota County , an area that includes all of

3355-603: The supply of water for the City of Tampa. The Hillsborough River was immortalized in 1973 by author Gloria Jahoda in her book River of the Golden Ibis . With the construction of the dam in 1945, the portion of the River above the dam to approximately Fletcher Avenue is where the City of Tampa is permitted to withdraw water to supply to its citizens and those in Hillsborough County. In addition, Tampa Bay Water

3416-406: The trees within the Hillsborough River basin are now less than 100 years in age. The harvesting of the old growth trees altered the ecosystems they dominated. Trees such as water ash and water locust were able to quickly grow in the sun-lit spaces created when bigger trees were removed. The riverine swamp forest as it exists today has a much different ecology than the ecosystem that had existed along

3477-450: Was 20% under the age of 18, 20% from 18 to 34, 24% from 35 to 49, 17% from 50 to 64, and 18% 65 or older. For every 100 females, there were 84.6 males. The per capita income for the neighborhood was $ 19,702. About 10% of the population were below the poverty line . Of those, 27% are under age 18. This Tampa -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Hillsborough County, Florida location article

3538-575: Was a politically expedient solution with no basis in scientific data. Findings of the 5-year study to be used by SWFWMD as sole basis for modification of minimum flow. (2002) Tampa Bay Water places a pipeline to the Morris Bridge Sink ( http://www.reedconstructiondata.com/projects/1001008567/ ) (2006) "The Hillsborough River Task Force", Temple Terrace, is created. (2007) Alan Wright, "Mr River", dies of cancer, December 21. (2007) "The Lower Hillsborough River Minimum Flow Recovery Strategy"

3599-494: Was completed. When the water is low, remnants of the dynamited dam can be seen. (1898–99) TECO buys the Consumers Electric Light and Street Railway Company and builds a new electric generating dam downstream of the current site north of Sulphur Springs. (1899) Tampa's first water plant is built by the private Tampa Waterworks Company. It pumped well water to supply the City of Tampa until March 6, 1923, when

3660-435: Was largely undecorated, but ceremonial vessels (found in burials) were distinctively decorated (the defining characteristic of the Safety Harbor culture). The name "Tocobaga" is often used to refer to all of the indigenous peoples of the Tampa Bay area during the first Spanish colonial period (1513-1763). In a strict sense, Tocobaga was the name of a chiefdom, its main town, and its chief, all of which were probably centered at

3721-440: Was preferable to avoid confusion. DeSoto County , Hardee County and most of Polk County were part of the "Inland Safety Harbor" area. Mitchem called his regional variant south of Charlotte Harbor (southern Charlotte County, Lee County and western Collier County) "South Florida". Safety Harbor ceramics are found in burial mounds in the Caloosahatchee culture area (Mitchem's South Florida Safety Harbor). Milanich ascribes

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