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37-611: The Giant Cask on St.-Michaels-Allee 1 is northeast of the old town in the water meadows of the Isenach stream on the western edge of the 45,000 m Brühlwiesen meadows. Every year on the second and third week in September the Dürkheim Wurstmarkt (lit.: "sausage market") takes place on these fields. The Wurstmarkt is the biggest wine festival in the world, playing host to over 600,000 visitors. Access to

74-546: A 200-year flood (i.e. a flood that statistically occurs once in 200 years) of the Rhine to a discharge of 5,000 cubic metres per second (180,000 cu ft/s) at the Maxau gauge station, that is, a reduction from 5,700 cubic metres per second (200,000 cu ft/s) to 5,000 cubic metres per second (180,000 cu ft/s). For this purpose the following measures are planned and partially implemented: The effectiveness of

111-590: A fast flowing stream flanked by embankments. The length of the Upper Rhine was reduced by 81 kilometres (50 mi). Some cut-off river arms and ox-bows remain; they are typically called the 'Old Rhine' ( German : Altrhein ) or Gießen (similar to the Old Rhine ( Alter Rhein ) in the Alpine Rhine Valley , where the Rhine was also straightened). The Rhine between Basel and Iffezheim

148-650: A key role in flood control on the Middle and Lower Rhine . As a result of the straightening of the Upper Rhine, floods from the Alps now reach the Middle Rhine much faster than in the past. Thus, the risk of such a peak coinciding with a flood peak of Neckar, Moselle or Main has increased. About 123 square kilometres (47 sq mi) of floodplain have been lost. Authorities in riparian states of France, Baden-Württemberg and Rhineland-Palatinate have launched

185-514: A stronger gradient, the stream bed above the mill with raised by 2 metres (6.6 ft) over a length of about 1,400 metres (4,600 ft), and some of the river's water was diverted into a new mill channel. However, the combination of this situation and a later straightening of the Isenach further upstream, caused floods in Lambsheim whenever it rained heavily. In 2008, after more than 250 years,

222-534: Is a Euroregion that covers the border areas of the Upper Rhine (the northern part of the Upper Rhine valley and the Palatinate are not included as they are not border areas) and parts of the High Rhine. As the name suggests, it is a tri-national region comprising parts of France, Germany and Switzerland. The regional Upper Rhine Conference is a framework for future political and administrative cooperation in

259-535: Is almost entirely canalised. On a stretch of 180 kilometres (110 mi), there are 10 dams , provided with hydropower stations and locks . Between Basel and Breisach , the old river bed carries hardly any water; almost all water is diverted through the Grand Canal d'Alsace on the French side, to ensure safe shipping and hydropower generation around the clock. Only when there is a large supply of water, then

296-426: Is also missing from the river, due to the dams. This has caused erosion below the dam at Iffezheim. To counter this, 173,000 cubic metres (6,100,000 cu ft) per year of a mixture of sand and gravel with an average grain diameter of 20 millimetres (0.79 in) (corresponding to the local sediment transport capacity) has been dumped into the river, since 1978, using two motorized barges. The Upper Rhine plays

333-610: Is marked with Ritterstein number 277, with the inscription "Isenach source". The first 5 kilometres (3 mi) of the river flow in a southeasterly direction. After the Isenach passes the Isenachweiher reservoir, it flows east through a valley it shares with Bundesstraße 37, Kaiserslautern - Bad Dürkheim . In Bad Dürkheim, the Isenach breaks through the Haardt , the eastern edge of the Palatinate Forest, and enters

370-872: Is subordinate to the Landkreis Bad Dürkheim . Upper Rhine The Upper Rhine ( German : Oberrhein [ˈoːbɐˌʁaɪn] ; French : Rhin Supérieur ; kilometres 167 to 529 of the Rhine ) is the section of the Rhine between the Middle Bridge in Basel , Switzerland , and the Rhine knee in Bingen , Germany . It is surrounded by the Upper Rhine Plain ( Oberrheinische Tiefebene ). Most of its upper section marks

407-730: The France–Germany border . The Upper Rhine is one of four sections of the river (the others being the High Rhine , Middle Rhine and Lower Rhine ) between Lake Constance and the North Sea. The countries and states along the Upper Rhine are Switzerland, France ( Alsace ) and the German states of Baden-Württemberg , Rhineland-Palatinate and Hesse . The largest cities along the river are Basel, Mulhouse , Strasbourg , Karlsruhe , Mannheim , Ludwigshafen and Mainz . The Upper Rhine

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444-542: The Integrated Rhine Programme , a framework for designating water retention areas. to combat downstream flooding. A French-German treaty was concluded in 1982, in which the parties agreed to restore the retention capacity on the stretch below Iffezheim to the level it had before the area was developed. This means: For the stretch between Iffezheim and the mouth of the Neckar, attenuation of the apex of

481-713: The Mörschbach , before passing through the southeast of Bobenheim-Roxheim into a loop of the Roxheimer Altrhein (Old Rhine) known as the Silbersee (Roxheim), and finally discharges into the Upper Rhine 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) south of Worms . A dam was constructed in the Isenach in 1736–37 at about 5 kilometres (3 mi) from the source, forming a reservoir named the Isenachweiher. The aim

518-635: The Nahe flows into the Rhine, the Rhine flows into a gorge in the Rhenish Massif and thereby changes into the Middle Rhine . Tributaries are listed in direction of flow (bottom to top), with the nearest settlement to their confluence given in brackets. Left tributaties : Right tributaries : The Upper Rhine tri-national region (French: Région Métropolitaine Trinationale du Rhin Supérieur , German: Trinationale Metropolregion Oberrhein )

555-516: The Rhine in the northeastern Palatine region of Rhineland-Palatinate . It is nearly 36 kilometres (22 mi) long. The Isenach rises in the northern Palatinate Forest , 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) southwest of Carlsberg Hertlingshausen . Its source in the Diemerstein Forest on the southeast flank of a saddle between the peaks Krummes Eck, elevation 449 metres (1,473 ft), and Hohe Bühl , elevation 444 metres (1,457 ft),

592-697: The Weinfass and the Wurstmarkt is from the B ;37 federal highway ( Ludwigshafen am Rhein – Kaiserslautern ) just to the north. The barrel was built in 1934 by Bad Dürkheim vineyard owner and master cooper , Fritz Keller, using wood to fashion it into the standard shape using traditional methods, albeit oversized. To construct the cask nearly 200 spruce trees were felled in the Northern Black Forest , all about 40 metres high. One tree

629-478: The Frankenthal Canal into the Rhine. It 1944, however, the canal had to be closed due to severe bomb damage. The Isenach was diverted further north, to its current mouth, which is about 8 kilometres (5 mi) from its original confluence with the Rhine. The first public swimming facility in the town of Frankenthal was a pond-like widening of the Isenach, just outside the southern edge of the city, near

666-528: The Iron Mill, which was driven by water from the Isenach. Castle and Abbey – Just before the Isenach breaks through the eastern edge of the Palatinate Forest, the ruins of two medieval buildings can be seen above Dürkheim valley: the castle Hardenburg and Limburg Abbey . The castle was owned by the noble Leiningen family; the abbey was founded by Emperor Conrad II . Graduation tower – The graduation tower Bad Dürkheim produced medicinal salts, until it

703-560: The Post Bridge. It was operated until the Frankenthal lido was opened in the east of the city in 1934. Isenachweiher – At the spot where once the house of the keeper stood, who had to supervise the reservoir, there is now a spacious forest guest house, built as a log cabin . Row boats can be rented here. Iron Mill – The guest house Alte Schmelz , 3 kilometres (2 mi) below the Isenachweiher dam still contains part of

740-510: The Swiss city of Basel. Around 35 million years ago, a rift valley of about 300 kilometres (190 mi) long and 50 kilometres (31 mi) wide came into being between the present cities of Basel and Frankfurt . This was due to tensile stresses in the Earth's crust and mantle , which resulted in lowering the earth's surface. The moat has been partially filled up again by sedimentation . On

777-510: The area. The tripoint between France, Germany and Switzerland, called Dreiländereck , lies within the uppermost portion of the Upper Rhine. A monument in Basel, known as the Pylon , is located 160 m (520 ft) southeast of the actual tripoint. In 1685, Louis XIV started a project to move the Upper Rhine, change its course and drain the floodplain , in order to gain land. By 1840,

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814-743: The edges we find mountain ridges, the so-called "rift flanks". On the eastern side, they are the Black Forest and Odenwald mountains, in the west the Vosges and Palatinate Forest . During the Tertiary , the High Rhine continued west from Basel and flowed via the Doubs and the Saône , into the Rhône . The rift diverted the Rhine into the newly formed Upper Rhine Valley . The Rhine knee at Basel marks

851-569: The flood protection measures was verified using a computer model. The State Institute for the Environment, Nature Protection and Measurements in Baden-Württemberg carried out forecast calculations with the help of a mathematical "synoptic flood progression model". The analysis of the calculations and the evaluation of the results were made on the basis of the requirements and methods set by the international Flood Study Commission for

888-639: The hills flanking the German Wine Road . It the flows northeast through the Upper Rhine Plain . Between Lambsheim and the Frankenthal district of Eppstein, the Isenach is joined by the Floßbach from the right. In the city of Frankenthal, the Isenach turns northwards. It is then joined by the Fuchsbach from the left. It then flows through the suburb of Mörsch, where the Isenach is known as

925-409: The largest cask in the world. The giant Dürkheim barrel bears the inscription Dürkheimer Riesenfaß in the old German script on the bottom of the barrel which faces east. The interior is a type of wine bar . It can take just under 430 guests on two levels (ground floor and gallery). Because of the number of visitors, in 1958 the wooden "tub" ( Bütt ) was added. This is an oversized tub, constructed in

962-465: The left of the Dürkheim valley, there are several ancient sights: The Isenach is still important as a source of water for the paper manufacturing industry in the Dürkheim valley. For a long time, sewage water was fed back into the stream untreated. This cause the water of the river to be coloured brown, giving it the nickname "Cola Brook". Today, sewage is properly treated before being allowed back into

999-445: The old river bed will receive more water than the canal. France gained the right to do this in the 1919 Treaty of Versailles; the right applies to the segment between Basel and Neuburgweier /Lauterbourg, where the Rhine forms the border between France and Germany. The straightening (1817–76) and channeling (1928–77) reduced the water table by up to 16 metres (52 ft) and thus had a negative effect on flora and fauna . Gravel

1036-407: The raising of the riverbed was reverted and the stream was restored to its old riverbed. The dirt excavated from the old riverbed contained naturally occurring arsenic and had to be treated as chemical waste. The mill channel was considered industrial heritage and was preserved. Water is continuously pumped into the channel to prevent it from falling dry. The total cost of the restautation project

1073-481: The river had been moved up to 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) to the east, taking territory away from Baden. Around 1790, large parts of the Rhine Valley were deforested, creating arable land, fields and pasture to feed the population. The Upper Rhine was straightened between 1817 and 1876 by Johann Gottfried Tulla and changed from a relatively sluggish meandering river with major and many smaller branches into

1110-682: The river. Some of the damage done to the environment in the past, however, has not been put right, yet. The Struktur- und Genehmigungsdirektion Süd ("Structure and Planning Directorate South") in Neustadt an der Weinstrasse has started a "Pilot Project Isenach", which aims at restoring the natural state of the Isenach. On a municipal level, the Isenbach is a responsibility of the Gewässer-Zweckverband Isenach- Eckbach ("Water District Isenach Eckbach"), which

1147-583: The same style as the Riesenfass and has space for about 120 guests. The bar is operated for most of the year in the Bütt ; the barrel itself is only accessible to guests during the Wurstmarkt and for large groups by prior arrangement. 49°27′53″N 08°10′09″E  /  49.46472°N 8.16917°E  / 49.46472; 8.16917 Isenach The Isenach is a left tributary of

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1184-752: The transition from the High Rhine to the Upper Rhine with a change of direction from West to North and a change of landscape from the relatively small-chamber high-Rhine cuesta landscape to the wide rift zone of the Upper Rhine Rift Valley. The two largest tributaries come from the right: the Neckar in Mannheim , the Main across from Mainz . In the northwest corner of the Upper Rhine Valley, at Rhine-kilometre 529.1, near Bingen, where

1221-401: Was 780 000 euros ; the state of Rhineland-Palatinate contributed over 500 000 euros . Until the 1780s, the Isenach flowed from the southern edge of Frankenthal to the east. However, when the city of Frankenthal had dug its Kanalhafen  [ de ] ("Canal Harbour"), the Isenach and the Fuchsbach were diverted to fill it. For more than a century and a half, the Isenach flowed via

1258-432: Was straightened between 1817 and 1876 by Johann Gottfried Tulla and made navigable between 1928 and 1977. The Treaty of Versailles allows France to use the Upper Rhine for hydroelectricity in the Grand Canal d'Alsace . On the left bank are the French region of Alsace and the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate; on the right bank are the German states of Baden-Württemberg and Hesse. The first few kilometres are in

1295-405: Was destroyed by arson attacks in 1992 and 2007. Rebuilding the plant is expected to begin in 2009. Frankenthal Canal – The Frankenthal Canal used to be the lower 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) of the Isenach. After the canal was abandoned, most of it was filled in 22 years later in 1966, except for the old lock , which was expanded to a retention basin in the second half of the 20th century. On

1332-464: Was needed for each of the 178  staves , each 15 metres long and 15 cm thick. In all, more than 200 m³ of wood was used. With the completion of the Giant Cask in Dürkheim, it superseded by a long way the famous Heidelberg Tun which, with a length of 9 metres, a diameter of 7 metres and capacity of 221,726 litres, and was actually used to store wine, had previously been

1369-594: Was to ensure an even flow of the river. This was necessary because until 1850 the pumps of the Bad Dürkheim Salt Works (also built in 1736) were operated using the Isenach as a source of water power. The dam also ensured the water supply of a water wheel below the dam . The dam was renovated and restored in the mid-1980s. In the mid-18th century a mill was constructed as Lambsheim, the Lambsheimer Mühle . In order to provide this mill with

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