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50-639: Odessa Oblast in that instance meant the territory of the Odessa Military District of the Russian Empire. During that period of time the Russian Odessa Military District (Odessa MD) before being overrun by Soviets included the following guberniyas : Kherson Governorate , Bessarabia guberniya , Taurida Governorate , and parts of Podolia Governorate and Volyn Governorate . Rumcherod was created at

100-576: A situation to strike Southward along the Prut river towards Iaşi , while Soviet 9th Army was supposed to strike East-to-West south of Chişinău towards Huşi . The target of this plan was to surround the Romanian troops in the Bălţi -Iaşi area. The second plan took into consideration the case that Romania would succumb to Soviet demands and would evacuate its military. In such a situation, Soviet troops were given

150-1107: Is a Conventional Forces in Europe Treaty term denoting modifications of armored personnel carriers for specialised missions such as anti-tank missile carriage, reconnaissance, or engineer duties). This data appears garbled; in the 1995/96 edition of the IISS Military Balance , armored infantry fighting vehicles were listed as 54 BMDs (Boyevaya Mashina Desanta, Airborne Combat Vehicle), there were sundry armored personnel carriers , and 67 "look-alikes". Artillery included eighteen 122 mm and fifty-three 152 mm towed artillery units; nine 120 mm combined guns/ mortars ; seventy AT-4 Spigot , nineteen AT-5 Spandrel , and twenty-seven AT-6 Spiral anti-tank guided weapons; one hundred thirty-eight 73 mm SPG-9 recoilless launcher, forty-five MT-12 100 mm anti-tank guns; and thirty ZU-23 23 mm and twelve S-60 57 mm air defense guns. Moldova has received some arms from former Soviet stocks maintained on

200-616: Is the gendarmerie -type force of the military, based on the Italian Carabinieri . The Moldovan Carabinieri is designed to ensure, together with the General Police Inspectorate or independently, public order and the protection of rights and freedoms of citizens. The Moldovan Border Police was founded on 3 September 1991, being entrusted to the Ministry of National Security under the subordination of

250-558: The 32nd Army Corps (possibly reformed on the basis of the headquarters units of the former Tauric Military District) in 1956, complemented by the 98th Guards Airborne Division as well as seven additional motor rifle divisions. The 5th Air Army of the Soviet Air Forces provided tactical air support for the District's units and the 49th Air Defence Corps , 8th Air Defence Army was tasked with national air defence for

300-530: The 48th , and 66th Guards Rifle Divisions . In May 1957 the 20th Rifle Division became the 93rd Motor Rifle Division, but the division was disbanded in March 1959. In 1960 the 113th Guards Motor Rifle Division and 95th Motor Rifle Division were disbanded. In April 1960 the Odessa Military District consisted of three oblasts ( Mykolaiv Oblast , Izmail Oblast and Odesa Oblast ) as well as

350-790: The 59th Guards Motor Rifle Division , one tank battalion, one artillery regiment, and one anti-aircraft brigade. Their equipment and weaponry consisted of 120 main battle tanks , 180 armoured fighting vehicles , and 130 artillery pieces/multiple rocket launchers/mortars. The remainder of the 14th Guards Army had been over the border in Ukraine and was absorbed by the Ukrainian armed forces. Around 1994, peacekeepers in Transnistria consisted of six airborne battalions supplied by Russia, three infantry battalions supplied by Moldova, and three airborne battalions supplied by Transnistria. Since 2007

400-416: The 5th , 9th and 12th Armies . The Southern Front had 32 infantry divisions, 2 motorized infantry divisions, 6 cavalry divisions, 11 tank brigades, 3 paratrooper brigades, 30 artillery regiments, and smaller auxiliary units. Two action plans were devised. The first plan was prepared for the case that Romania would not accept to evacuate Bessarabia and Bukovina . The Soviet 12th Army was supposed in such

450-705: The Crimea . On September 10, 1941 the district was abolished as it was overran by the Armed Forces of Nazi Germany and its allies. The District was reformed on April 23, 1944 with its headquarters at Kirovohrad , which in October 1944 relocated to Odesa. In 1948, 4th Guards Army , with 10th Guards Budapest Rifle Corps (33rd Mech, 59, 86) and 24th Guards Rifle Corps (35 Guards Mech, 180th Rifle Division , 51 Ind Rifle Brigade), plus 82nd Rifle Corps (34th Guards Mech, 28th Guards Rifle, 52 Ind Rifle Brigade) were in

500-939: The Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic as part of the Russian SFSR . The Odessa MD was reinforced by several units from the Ukrainian Front that took part in the Soviet invasion of Poland and Romania , previously formed on base of the Odessa Army Group of the Kiev Special Military District (reformed Kiev Military District). By directives OV/583 and OV/584 of the Soviet People's Commissariat of Defense , units of

550-654: The Moldavian SSR and the three new oblasts from the disbanded Tavria Military District : Zaporizhzhia Oblast , Crimean Oblast , and Kherson Oblast . From September 1984 the District came under command of the South-Western Strategic Direction, with its headquarters at Kishinev . In the Odessa District's territory were additionally deployed the 14th Guards Army (created on the basis of 10th Guards Budapest Rifle Corps ),

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600-752: The Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova , which came to power, radically changed the position of all veterans in the country. Other military forces also remain within Moldova. In early 1994, the government of Transnistria had armed forces of about 5,000 which included the Dniester battalion of the Republic Guard and some 1,000 Cossacks . As of early 1994, the former Soviet 14th Guards Army (about 9,200 troops) consisted of one army headquarters,

650-710: The President of the European Council Charles Michel said that the European Union would provide aid to Moldova, including additional military equipment for its armed forces. The support would come from the Instrument contributing to Stability and Peace and would not include lethal weaponry. This caused controversy among the socialist opposition leaders of the time, who strove for further cooperation with Russia. The General Staff of

700-907: The Republic of Moldova ( Romanian : Forțele Armate ale Republicii Moldova ) consist of the National Army (which is divided into the Land Forces Command and the Air Forces Command ) and the Trupele de Carabinieri under the Ministry of Internal Affairs . Until 2012, the Moldovan Border Police (then known as the Border Troops) belonged to the armed forces. On 2 November 1990, prior to

750-747: The Russian Airborne Troops . The 5381st Equipment Storage Base with its headquarters at Florești , the former 86th Guards Motor Rifle Division, was taken over by Moldova. The 5th Air Army was later redesignated the 5th Aviation Corps of the Ukrainian Air Force in 1994. Colonel General Volodymyr Shkidchenko commanded the Odessa Military District from December 1993 until it became the Operational Command South in February 1998. Since January 3, 1998

800-598: The Russian invasion of Ukraine and a series of explosions in Transnistria in 2022, the President of Moldova Maia Sandu declared on 27 April of that year that the Moldovan army had been left largely neglected for three decades and that it was unable to defend Moldova in the face of danger. She said the Moldovan army would go through a process of modernization and professionalization in the future. Later, on 4 May,

850-746: The Stephen the Great Monument and the Eternity Memorial Complex . There is also a ceremony of the decoration of state and National Army distinctions, as well as honor diplomas to the best military and civilian employees. Festive activities are also organized in Balti , Cahul , Edineţ and Ungheni , in common with the local public administrations. In 2018, the National Army Day silver jubilee celebrations were held at

900-552: The 119th Fighter Aviation Division, which had been resubordinated to the Soviet Black Sea Fleet since December 1989. The United States purchased twenty-one of the MiG-29s in October 1997 to prevent their sale on the world market and for research purposes. All the spare parts for those aircraft were also purchased, as were the accompanying 500 air-to-air missiles. All the aircraft were transported from Moldova to

950-536: The 1870s and 1880s (until August 12, 1889) the Commander of the district served as the interim Governor General of Odesa city (then spelled Odessa ) concurrently. In January 1918 the Odessa Military District headquarters was transformed into the headquarters of the Soviet Romanian Front under the jurisdiction of Rumcherod . With the establishment of the Ukrainian government on its territory, it

1000-632: The 1st Congress of Front and Oblast Soviets in Odessa (May 23–June 9, 1917). The majority in that first meeting consisted of Mensheviks and Esers , who supported the Russian Provisional Government and the continuation of the war to the very end. Their position was against Bolsheviks and their October Revolution . On the order of Nikolai Krylenko who performed functions of the Chief Commander of Sovnarkom Rumcherod

1050-778: The Maica Indurerata (Grieving Mother) Monument at Eternitate Memorial . Moldovans who served in WWII, the Soviet–Afghan War , as liquidators at the Chernobyl disaster , and the Transnistrian War are eligible for a range of benefits such as discounts, medical services, and free use of public transportation. In 1990, the Republican Council of Soldiers-Internationalists was created, it was headed by

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1100-730: The National Air Intelligence Center (NAIC) at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base near Dayton, Ohio , in Boeing C-17 Globemaster III transport planes over a period of two weeks. As of 2006 all the MiG-29 fighters had either been sold or scrapped, and the Moldovan Air Force had only 2 An-2 Colts, 1 An-26 Curl, 2 An-72 Coalers, 8 Mi-8 Hips, and 12 SA-3 'Goa' SAMs in service, manned by 1,040 personnel. The Trupele de Carabinieri

1150-624: The National Army is currently composed of the following: At the beginning of 1994, the Moldovan Ground Forces (under the Ministry of Defense) consisted of 9,800 men organized into three motor rifle brigades, one artillery brigade, and one reconnaissance/assault battalion. The Library of Congress Country Studies wrote that its armaments consisted of fifty-six ballistic missile defenses; seventy-seven armored personnel carriers and sixty-seven "look-alikes." ("Look-alikes"

1200-642: The Odessa Military District was transformed into the Southern Operational Command of the Ukrainian Ground Forces according to the Decree of Ministry of Defense of Ukraine from July 1, 1997. The command encompasses nine oblasts : Odesa, Mykolaiv, Kherson, Dnipropetrovsk, Zaporizhzhia, Donetsk, Luhansk, Kirovohrad, Kharkiv, and the autonomous republic of Crimea. Armed Forces of Moldova The Armed Forces of

1250-625: The Odessa Military District, currently commanded by Mjr. Gen. I.V. Boldin , were ordered into battle ready state in the spring of 1940. Soviet troop concentrations along the Romanian border took place between April 15 and June 10, 1940. In order to coordinate the efforts of the Kiev and Odessa Military districts in the preparation of action against Romania, the Soviet Army created the Southern Front under General Georgy Zhukov , composed of

1300-701: The Russian Federation . Around 1988, the District contained the following forces: Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union the 14th Guards Army became entangled in the later War of Transnistria . The 98th Guards Airborne Division was split between Russia and Ukraine; the Ukrainian half became the 1st Airmobile Division and the Russian part was withdrawn to Ivanovo in the Moscow Military District and became part of

1350-444: The Russian war in Ukraine, various Western countries pledged to support Moldova's territorial integrity and provide energy and military aid. During a visit to Chișinau, German Defense Minister Christine Lambrecht said that Germany is prepared to offer purchases of drones and military training to Moldova. Later that month, Moldovan Defense Minister Anatolie Nosatii expressed that 90 percent of Moldova's military equipment dates back to

1400-577: The Soviet Union dissolved, the district's 14th Guards Army was split three ways. The army headquarters and some of its forces, stationed in Transnistria, as well as the 59th Guards Motor Rifle Division, came under the jurisdiction of Russia - the rest were divided between Ukraine and the Armed Forces of Moldova . An earlier district of the same name was established in 1864 by the Imperial Russian Army . The Odessa Military District

1450-751: The Soviet era and is in need of urgent replacement. He also mentioned that the armed forces face equipment shortages due to insufficient funding. In 1994 the Moldovan Air Force consisted of 1,300 men organized into one fighter regiment, one helicopter squadron, and one missile brigade. Armaments used by the air force included thirty-one MiG-29 Fulcrum aircraft, eight Mi-8 Hip helicopters, five transport aircraft (including an Antonov An-72 Coaler), and twenty-five SA-3 Goa / SA-5 Gammon surface-to-air missiles . The 86th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment had been located at Mărculești since October 1951, and had been reequipped with MiG-29s in 1988. It had been part of

1500-418: The alliance. The large part of Moldova's military equipment, however, is of Soviet origin and in need of replacement. The country has no defence-industrial capabilities beyond the basic maintenance of front-line equipment. With the Russian invasion of Ukraine , the European Union pledged to increase its military aid. As of June 2023, more than €87 million were provided in support for the modernisation of

1550-485: The armed forces to the internal affairs ministry. The Danube Forces of Moldova is a small militarized river flotilla. It is based in the port of Giurgiulesti . They have at their disposal several unarmed and auxiliary boats of various types. As part of NATO 's Defence and Related Security Capacity Building Initiative since 2014, the Moldovan Armed Forces are receiving modest amounts of equipment from

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1600-610: The base of the 1st Motorized Infantry Brigade "Moldova" in Bălți . On 2 March, the armed forces celebrates its Remembrance Day, which honours the memory of the Transnistria War . Remembrance Day events are usually organized throughout the country from 1–4 March. Flowers are usually laid at the Stephen the Great Monument . The participants have also organized the Memory March, walking from Great National Assembly Square to

1650-458: The central government in Chișinău and supporters of separatist regions ( Transnistria conflict ), males between eighteen and forty years of age were mobilized, and the size of Moldova's military was temporarily expanded to meet the demands of the Transnistria War . In early 1995, the armed forces totaled some 11,000 volunteers, and there were plans to gradually create a professional army. Following

1700-719: The congress as the representative of the Soviet government and the Central Committee of Russian Social Democratic Labour Party ( Bolsheviks ) (RSDLP(b)). The former member of the Petrograd committee of RSDLP(b) Vladimir Yudovsky was elected the Chairman of Rumcherod which served as the highest authority for the Odessa Soviet Republic . From January to March 1918 the Rumcherod militarily supported

1750-413: The defence sector. On 3 September, the National Army marks its professional holiday, Ziua Armatei Naționale (Day of the National Army). The President of Moldova as well as the Prime Minister of Moldova usually present congratulations to all active servicemen. On September 2, the Ministry of Defense organizes large demonstrations on the occasion of holiday. Military and civilian staff lay flowers at

1800-471: The destruction of weapons in excess of those limits. It acceded to the provisions of the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty in October 1994 in Washington, DC . It does not have nuclear, biological, or chemical weapons. Moldova joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization 's Partnership for Peace on March 16, 1994. A transition to a professional force of 12,000 to 15,000 volunteers was planned at first, but when fighting erupted in 1991 between supporters of

1850-531: The district. Marshal of the Soviet Union , Giorgi Zhukov was assigned command of the Odessa Military District after the war, far from Moscow and lacking in strategic significance and troops. He arrived there on 13 June 1945. Zhukov suffered a heart attack in January 1948, spending a month in hospital. In February 1948, Zhukov was moved to another secondary posting, this time command of the Urals Military District . General Colonel Nikolay Pukhov took command. 82nd Rifle Corps existed until 13 June 1955, when it

1900-412: The firing of the three military district commanders (..). On 7–8 January each were removed, none resisting because within their headquarters Kravchuk's people had quietly created a network of officers loyal to his government.' Its units were split between the Armed Forces of Ukraine and some units, mostly from the 14th Guards Army , in the former Moldovian SSR that became part of the Armed Forces of

1950-556: The formation of the state of Moldova, the Supreme Soviet of the Moldovan SSR ordered creation of the Republican Guard ( Romanian : Garda Republicană) as a militarized government agency. This force subsequently became the Moldovan military upon independence. Moldova has accepted all relevant arms control obligations of the former Soviet Union . On October 30, 1992, Moldova ratified the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe , which establishes comprehensive limits on key categories of conventional military equipment and provides for

2000-486: The military commissar of the then Oktyabrsky District of Chișinău, Colonel Vitaly Zavgorodniy, a veteran of the war in Afghanistan. The Union of Veterans of the War in Afghanistan of the Republic of Moldova is a veteran's group based in Moldova that advocates for the well-being of veterans of the Afghan War. On 15 May 2000, after the Government's initiative to abolish benefits for veterans of the war in Afghanistan, sympathizers went to Great National Assembly Square . In 2001,

2050-410: The mission to reach quickly the Prut river, and take charge of the evacuation process of the Romanian troops. The first plan was taken as the basis of action. Along the portions where the offensive was supposed to take place, Soviets prepared to have at least a triple superiority of men and means. On June 22, 1941 primary combat formations included: In August 1941 51st Independent Army was formed in

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2100-756: The pro-Soviet forces in the Moldavian Democratic Republic , and later opposed the troops sent into the region by Romania . Later the Soviet republic was forced to comply with the conditions of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and withdraw due to the advance German-Austrian military first to Nikolayev , then to Rostov-on-Don and Yeysk . In May 1918 it was dissolved while its chairman Yudovsky relocated to Moscow. Odessa Military District The Odessa Military District ( Russian : Одесский военный округ, ОВО ; Ukrainian : Червонопрапорний Одеський військовий округ , romanized :  Chervonoprapornyi Odeskyi viiskovyi okruh , lit.   'Red Banner Odesa Military District', abbreviated ОдВО , OdVO )

2150-441: The subunit of the former Soviet Border Troops deployed on Moldovan territory. On 11 January 1992, Colonel in June 1992, the Border Troops became an official separate branch of the armed forces, In December 1999, it was reorganized into the Department of the Border Guard Troops of Moldova and was withdrawn from the Ministry of National Security a month and a half later. On 1 July 2012, Prime Minister Vlad Filat ordered its shift from

2200-521: The territory of the republic as well as undetermined quantities of arms from Romania , particularly at the height of the fighting with Transnistria. By 2006–7, the Moldovan Ground Forces had been reduced to a strength of 5,710, including three motor rifle brigades, one artillery brigade, and independent Special forces and engineer battalions, plus an independent guard unit. Equipment and weaponry included 44 BMD-1 AIFVs, and 266 APCs, including 91 TAB-71s, as well as 227 artillery pieces. In 2022, during

2250-425: The territory. The Odessa Military District was transferred to the jurisdiction of Ukraine after the dissolution of the Soviet Union on January 3, 1992 at 18:00. William E. Odom says that 'in accordance with the Minsk agreements [from the CIS summit in Minsk of 30–31 December 1991], Shaposhnikov sent an order on 3 January 1992, formally transferring conventional forces to Ukraine. President Kravchuk then approved

2300-424: Was a military administrative division of the Armed Forces of Ukraine . This district consisted of Moldavia and five Ukrainian oblasts of Odesa (then spelled Odessa ), Mykolaiv , Kherson , Crimea and Zaporizhzhia . In 1998 most of its territory was transformed into the Southern Operational Command . The district was originally established by the Soviet Armed Forces , and then was inherited by Ukraine. As

2350-492: Was established during the reforms of the Russian military minister Dmitry Milyutin . It was the second of two districts on the territory of the future Ukraine, the other being Kiev Military District . OVO existed from 1862–1918 as part of the Imperial Russian Armed Forces. It encompassed the territories of Kherson , Yekaterinoslav , Tauride , and Bessarabia guberniyas . The district bordered Kingdom of Romania , Kiev Military District , Don Voisko Oblast , and Black Sea . In

2400-425: Was forced to be dissolved. On 23 December 1917 through 5 January 1918 in Odessa the Soviets organized congress of Soviets that elected the new Rumcherod consisting of 180 people. The composition of the second Rumcherod was 70 Bolsheviks, 55 left Esers , 23 representatives of peasant organizations, and 32 from other parties. The committee recognized the Soviet government and approved its policy. V.Volodarsky attended

2450-469: Was renamed 25th Rifle Corps , and 25.6.57 it was renamed 25th Army Corps . HQ in Nikolayev with the 28th Guards Motor Rifle Division , 34th Guards MRD and 95th MRD in the late 1950s. Disbanded in June 1960. In May 1955 the district's forces included the 10th Guards Budapest Rifle Corps (35th, 59th Guards , 86th Guards Rifle Division ), 25th Rifle Corps (including the 20th Rifle Division ( Zaporozhia ), and 28th Guards RDs) and 32nd Rifle Corps , and

2500-484: Was terminated. OVO was reinstated as the Ukrainian forces were pushed out the area in April to August 1919. The district was reformed by the decision of October 11, 1939 specifically for the occupation of Bessarabia after the Soviet Union signed Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact . At that time its territory included the newly created Moldovian SSR , six oblasts of the Ukrainian SSR ( Izmail , Odesa (then Odessa), Dnipropetrovsk , Zaporizhzhia , Mykolaiv , Kirovohrad ) and also

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